Advances in Neurobiology 12 M. Mohamed Essa Mohammed Akbar Gilles Guillemin E ditors The Benefits of Natural Products for Neurodegenerative Diseases Advances in Neurobiology Volume 12 Series Editor Arne Schousboe More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/8787 M. Mohamed Essa • Mohammed Akbar Gilles Guillemin Editors The Benefi ts of Natural Products for Neurodegenerative Diseases Editors M. Mohamed Essa Mohammed Akbar Food Science and Nutrition National Institutes of Health College of Agricultural and Marine National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Sciences Rockville , MD , USA Sultan Qaboos University Muscat , Oman Gilles Guillemin Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney , NSW , Australia ISSN 2190-5215 ISSN 2190-5223 (electronic) Advances in Neurobiology ISBN 978-3-319-28381-4 ISBN 978-3-319-28383-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016952424 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Pref ace Few centuries B.C., the Greek physician Hippocrates rightly said, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine thy food.” But not only in the Greek civilisation but also in many other cultures, natural products have been used for the relief of neurological symptoms and diseases over the centuries. Natural products can be used for preven- tion and/or treatment to delay progression or limit symptoms and severity of large number of brain diseases. However, for a large number of them, their specifi c mech- anisms of action often still remain unknown. Recent investigations and new technologies are progressively unveiling the com- plex molecular mechanisms of a plethora of plant extracts and natural compounds for their neuroprotective and therapeutic abilities. This book is focusing on the recent contributions of medicinal natural products chemistry to the discovery of new chemical entities useful to the control and pre- vention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, multiple sclerosis, and neurologic traumatic injuries including stroke, spinal cord injury, brain trauma, and cerebral ischemia. Muscat, Oman Mohamed Essa Sydney, NSW, Australia Gilles Guillemin Rockville, MD, USA Mohammed Akbar v Acknowledgments W e are highly thankful to all the contributors of this book for sharing their expertise to provide evidence-based information on foods and natural products benefi cial to brain functions. We are indebted to our families for their understanding and unconditional sup- port allowing us to spend extra time on completing the book. Many thanks are due to our teachers who have inspired us to investigate the potential health and medici- nal benefi ts of the food and natural products. The support provided from the research grant from The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01), is highly acknowledged by us. We have to thank Springer staff for their valuable assistance and constant support during the different phases of this book publication. Dr. Mohamed Essa Prof. Gilles Guillemin Dr. Mohammed Akbar vii Contents Epigenetic Modifications in Neurological Diseases: Natural Products as Epigenetic Modulators a Treatment Strategy .......................................... 1 Omkaram Gangisetty and Sengottuvelan Murugan Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Spinal Cord Injury ................. 27 Sreyashi Samaddar Dietary Polyphenols as Potential Remedy for Dementia ............................. 41 Abhishek Desai Spices: Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease .............................. 57 N. Satheeshkumar , R.S.K. Vijayan , A. Lingesh , S. Santhikumar , and Ch. Vishnuvardhan Application of Bioactive Compounds from Scutellaria in Neurologic Disorders .................................................................................. 79 Farhan Hussain , Sandeep Mittal , Nirmal Joshee , and Prahlad Parajuli Alzheimer’s Disease and Medicinal Plants: An Overview .......................... 95 S. Manoharan , M. Mohamed Essa , A. Vinoth , R. Kowsalya , A. Manimaran , and R. Selvasundaram Efficacy of Natural Compounds in Neurodegenerative Disorders ............. 107 Pranay Srivastava and Rajesh Singh Yadav Impact of Non-Enzymatic Glycation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Natural Products in the Prevention of its Menace ......... 125 Saheem Ahmad and Mohammed Farhan Role of Plant Polyphenols in Alzheimer’s Disease ....................................... 153 Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi , Thamilarasan Manivasagam , and M. Mohamed Essa ix