Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa • Band 4 Studia nad Pradziejami Europy Środkowej • Tom 4 STUDIEN ZUR ARCHÄOLOGIE IN OSTMITTELEUROPA • Band 4 STUDIA NAD PRADZIEJAMI EUROPY ŚRODKOWEJ • Tom 4 Herausgeben von / Redaktorzy Johannes Müller Janusz Czebreszuk Sławomir Kadrow Kiel Poznań Kraków Editorial offices: Martin Furholt, Ines Reese, Emily Schalk, Marzena Szmyt Layout and digital editing: Ines Reese Cover design: Holger Dieterich, Ines Reese The Baden Complex and the Outside World Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the EAA in Cracow 19–24th September 2006 Edited by Martin Furholt, Marzena Szmyt and Albert Zastawny, in cooperation with Emily Schalk In Kommission bei Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn The publication of the book was sponsored by the Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel; the Institute for Eastern Studies of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, the Poznań Prehistoric Society, and the Cracow Team for Archaeological Supervision of Motorway Construction (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, the Polish Academy of Sciences, Archaeological Museum in Cracow and the Jagiellonian University) ISBN 978-3-7749-3599-0 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie. Detailliertere bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. The German National Library Cataloguing Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available at the German National Library (<http://dnb.d-nb.de>) ©2008 Authors and the editors Alle Rechte, auch die des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der fotomechanischen oder digitalen Wiedergabe und der Übersetzung, vorbehalten. printed by Druckhaus “Thomas Müntzer”; Bad Langensalza Contents Preface of the series' editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Baden Complex: General Views Martin Furholt Culture History Beyond Cultures: The Case of the Baden Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Maximilian O. Baldia, Douglas S. Frink and Matthew T. Boulanger Problems in the Archaeological Legacy: The TRB/Lengyel-Baden Conundrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Claudia Sachße Baden Cultural Identities? Late Copper Age Funerals Reviewed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 The Baden Complex: Regional Views Tünde Horváth Balatonõszöd - an Unusual Baden Settlement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Róbert Patay, Katalin Herbich, Pál Sümegi Late Copper Age Settlement of Ecser (County Pest, Hungary): Archaeological and Environmental Archaeological Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Kitti Köhler The Physical Anthropological Characterization of the Population Connected to the Baden Culture in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Eva Horváthová About the Development of the Baden Culture in the Region of the Northern Tisza River in Slovakia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Jana Šuteková The Jevišovice Culture in Slovakia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Paweł Valde-Nowak An Isolated Grave of the Baden Culture in the Beskidy Mountains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Andrzej Pelisiak The Jurassic Flint Type G in Central Europe in the Late Neolithic (3100 – 2300 BC) . . . . . . . . . . 147 5 The Baden Complex and the Outside World Lolita Nikolova Balkan-Anatolian Cultural Horizons from the Fourth Millennium BC and Their Relations to the Baden Cultural Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Christian Mayer Mappings of the Late Neolithic Cultures in the Austrian Danube Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Albert Zastawny The Baden and the Funnel Beaker-Baden Settlement in Lesser Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Agnieszka Przybył Badenization of the Late Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture Societies between Oder and Vistula Basins in the Light of 14C-Datings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Małgorzata Rybicka Settlement, Chronology and Economy of the Funnel Beaker-Baden Society in Kujavia and the Gostynin Lake District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Marzena Szmyt Baden Patterns in the Milieu of the Globular Amphorae: Transformation, Incorporation and Long Continuity A Case study from the Kujavian Region, Polish Lowland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Hanna Kowalewska-Marszałek The Most Distant Outskirts. The Baden Elements in the Złota Culture (Little Poland) . . . . . . . . . 233 Piotr Włodarczak Corded Ware and Baden Cultures. Outline of Chronological and Genetic Relations Based on Finds from Western Little Poland . . . . . 247 Maximilian O. Baldia, Douglas S. Frink and Matthew T. Boulanger The Earthen Long-Barrow of Džbán, Moravia, Czech Republic and its Implications for the Interaction between the Nordic Funnel Beaker and the Southern Baden Culture . . . . . . . . 263 Mikhailo Videiko Baden Culture Influences to the East of the Carpathian Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 6 PREFACE OF THE SERIES' EDITORS The “Baden Complex” provides a highly relevant in this volume. The studies presented here show the link to our understanding of the Late Neolithic in diversity of a broad international research commu- Eastern Central Europe, since it occurs in a time of nity as represented by researchers from almost a major cultural change, marking an important step dozen countries. In this way they reflect the current in the transition from a Neolithic to an Early Bronze state of research on the Baden Complex. Age Society. In particular, the wide distribution of With its clear regional focus on Eastern Central the Boleráz-Cernavodă III Pottery, as traceable along Europe the volume was predestined for our series the course of the river Danube, reveals the develop- “Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa (SAO) ment of far-reaching cultural communication then – Studia nad Pradziejami Europy Środkowej (SPEŚ)”. co-occurring with the first appearances of major For the first time a volume of this series is published technological innovations in Central Europe. in English and may thus reach a broad inter national What stands behind these cultural phenomena scientific audience. mentioned, how can we conceptualise the “Baden We would like to thank the EAA and the organ- Complex” and how does it relate to other archaeo- isers of the Annual Meeting in Cracow as well as logical complexes? New evidence dealing with these the session organisers, the participants and the issues has been presented by an international circle authors. of archaeologists at the Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) held Janusz Czebreszuk, Sławomir Kadrow in Cracow in 2006 and is addressed by the papers and Johannes Müller 7 PREFACE The Baden Complex denotes a set of traits in the Hanna Kowalewska-Marszałek, Agnieszka Przybył material culture that has evoked a great deal of in- and Piotr Włodarczak). terest in the research of Late Neolithic/Eneolithic/ In the first parts of the book one can find a set Chalkolithic period, as it shows a wide distribution of comprehensive papers, dealing with an overall and far reaching influences into several regions of understanding of the complex. The authors stress Europe. Parallels in the pottery style are visible as the encumbrance inherited bad concepts, weak far as to the Aegean. methods and data acquisitions have caused to an Apart from these patterns in pottery style, the understanding of the nature of the Baden Complex Baden Complex has also played an important role and try to give alternatives. Martin Furholt broaches in large-scale models of human prehistory, the the issue of the concept of the archaeological culture most influential today still being Andrew Sherratt´s that has long been central to the „Culture History model of a Secondary Products Revolution (Sherratt Approach” still dominant in Central and Eastern 1981). The wide spread distribution of the Boleráz- Europe. Although that concept is to be abandoned, Cernavodă III pottery and the temporal coincidence the approach, in his opinion, remains an impor- with the earliest appearance of wheeled vehicles have, tant constituent to the discipline. Maximilian O. amongst others, recently been emphasized by Joseph Baldia, Douglas S. Frink and Matthew T. Boulanger Maran (1998; 2001; 2004). Joachim Köninger, Martin deal with problems caused by what they term „our Kolb und Helmut Schlichtherle (2001) stress the archaeological legacy” and demonstrate incongrui- presence of Boleráz and Baden pottery in southern ties in the concepts, typologies and dating systems by Germany and Switzerland and the possible connec- confronting them to their field work on the „mixed” tions to a set of innovations. Thus, Sherratt´s ideas of Funnel Beaker-Baden sites in Moravia. Claudia 1981 still seem up to date, in spite of much critique Sachße accounts for her in-depth analysis of the they have provoked. burial customs connected to the Baden Complex. A better understanding of the Baden Complex does Her results are very instructive in terms of an not only mean to get a better grip on the prehistory of overall understanding of the cultural phenomenon. the Carpathian Basin and the adjoining areas but is Regional traditions dominate burial customs in the of greater importance to the whole understanding of Carpathian Basin and adjacent areas. Assuming that the prehistoric development of Central, Eastern and burial practises to a certain measure do reflect group South-Eastern Europe. An improved chrono logical identity, certain unifying tendencies among people framework will help us to understand the processes using Baden style pottery may be observed, although of change, both in material culture as well as in tech- the regional units emerging within that context seem nology and economy. This may help us to build up to correspond quite well with the cultural borders plausible models of social and ideological change observed in the time before the appearance of Baden that seems virulent at the start of the Bronze Age in pottery. South-Eastern Europe and at the turn to the Corded In the second part of the volume investiga- Ware/Beaker Period in Central Europe. tions of regional character are discussed. Tünde Thus, this volume aims at two main goals: The first Horváth presents the results of a rescue excavation is a better understanding of the cultural phenom- in the settlement site of Balatonőszöd, where large- enon itself, the other an examination of the supra- scale exploration revealed extraordinary evidence regional patterns mentioned. concerning ritual behaviour and settlement struc- In the last years there has been exciting new ture. She also deals with the question of the identifi- discoveries and also research on different aspects cation of house structures in settlements connected of the Baden Complex, much of which was presented to the Baden Complex as do Róbert Patay, Katalin at the EAA meeting in Cracow 2006. All papers Herbich and Pál Sümegi at the instance of the settle- discussed there have been included in this book as ment site of Ecser, from where they also present well as papers of some authors who had not been macrobotanical evidence. Kitti Köhler discusses able to participate in the meeting (Eva Horváthová, physical anthropological investigations on skeletons 9