Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 60(2) June 2003 145 Nomenclatural note The authorship and dates of Pieter Cramer's De Uitlandsche Kapellem a request for comments from lepidopterists J.E. Chainey Department ofEntomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. In 1958 (Opinion 516), the Commission approved a set ofdates and authorship for De Uitlandsche Kapellen by Pieter Cramer (this work was completed by Caspar Stoll after Cramer's death). However, several facts have come to light that might have influenced the Commission's ruling had they been noted at the time. In addition, authors are not always following the Opinion, particularly with regard to the authorship ofthis work. (1) The main purpose of Opinion 516 was to assign relative precedence to five publications issued in 1775. Cramer's work was deemed to have been published on December 31st and come last in precedence because there was no evidence ofwhen it had been published, other than the year 1775. However, a letter (held in The Natural History Museum, London) from the entomologist Dru Drury (1725-1803) to the publisher Sepp dated 27 November 1775 states that 'Cramer's work is badly coloured', indicating that at least the first part was then available. This date would give Cramer (1775) precedence over Denis & Schiff"ermuller (1775), which Opinion 516 stated as having been published on 8 December. (2) The publication dates given in Opinion 516 are partly based on the assertion that Cramerdiedin 1780. Inparticular, the publicationdateofvolume 3, part 22, was set at 1780 (instead of 1779 as given on the original wrappers ofa copy held in the hbrary of The Natural History Museum, London), because a footnote by Stoll on p. 107 refers to the death of Cramer. However, Cramer died in September 1776, as noted by Stoll (1780) and Smit, Sanders & van der Veer (1986). (3) Dos Passos (1958) states that the dates and spellings ofthe specific names in De UitlandscheKapellen should be taken from the indexes, since these are the onlypart of the work that is consistently binominal. Subsequent authors have ignored the dates suggested by Dos Passos and, in any case, the dates he cites for the publication ofthe indexes do not agree with the above-mentioned copy withits original wrappers. Based on these wrappers, the correct dates for the indexes foreach volume are 1776 (vol. 1), 1777 (vol. 2), 1780 (vol. 3) and 1782 (vol. 4). However, someauthorshaveaccepted the spellings ofnames as given in the indexes for the reason cited by Dos Passos. (4) Acceptance of the indexes as the valid source ofthe names in De Uitlandsche Kapellen would also affect authorship. The whole ofvolume 4 would be attributable to Stoll, and almost certainly also volume 3. In an announcement ofhis forthcoming work on Cicadas, Stoll (1780) discusses progress with De Uitlandsche Kapellen and states: 'mais le nombre des Planches etant porte a present a 360, don't 264 [i.e. up to volume 3, part22] ont dejavu lejour'. Sincethe published arrangement and sequence of the figures differ from the original plates, it seems unlikely that Cramer's plans wouldhavebeen sufficientlyadvanced forhim tohaveprepared theindextovolume 3. 146 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 60(2) June 2003 Although there are continuing inconsistencies in the citation of this work, it is considered that the stabihty ofdates and authorship are best served by application of Opinion 516, and this is here recommended as the best course of action. It is also recommended that the spellings ofCramer's names follow the indexes, since these are conformed to by current usage (and in most cases there is no difference between spellings in the indexes and the main text). However, comments are invited from lepidopterists on whether or not a case should be made to take account ofany ofthe above points. Acceptance ofany ofthe first three points could affect the priority of some names, though point 2 applies to relatively few taxa. Points 3 and 4 should be taken together, and acceptance would rule out either points 1 or 2. References Cramer, P. 1775-80. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-deelen Asia. Africa en America. [Papillons exotique des Irois parties de Monde I'Asie. I'Afriqiie et VAmerique.] 1. Pp. 1-132, pis. I-XCVI, 2: Pp. 1-152,pis.XCVII-CXCII, 3. Pp. 1-176. pis. CXCIII-CCLXXXVIII, 4. Pp. 1-28, pis. CCLXXXIX-CCCIV. S.J. Baalde. Amsterdam; B. Wild, Utrecht. Denis,J.N.C.M.&Schiffermiiller,I. 1775. Ankiindung[sic]einessystematisclies Werken vonden Sclnnetterlinge der Wienergegend. 'ill pp. Wien. Dos Passos, C.F. 1958. The dates and authorships ofsome names proposed by Cramer and StoU in De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-deelen Asia. Africa en America, and by Stoll alone in Aanhangel van het werk. de Uitlandsche Kapellen. voorkomende in de drie Waereld-deelen Asia. Africa en America, door den heere Pieter Cramer [1775J-1791. Lepidopterist's News, 12: 195-198. Sinit, P., Sanders, A.P.M. & van der Veer, J.P.F. 1986. Hendrik Engel's alphabetical list of Dutch zoological cabinets and menageries. Niemve Nederlandse budragen tot de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde en der Natuurwetenschappen, 19: 1-340. Stoll, C. 1780-82. De UitlandscheKapellen voorkomendein dedrie Waereld-deelen Asia. Africa en America.[Papillonse.xotiquedes troispartiesde Monde I'Asie. I'Afriqueet I'Amerique]. Vol. 4: 1-252, pis. CCCV-CCCC. S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam; B. Wild, Utrecht. Stoll,C. 1780. Natuurlykeennaar'tleevennaauwkeuriggekleurdeafbeeldingenenbeschryvingen der Cicaden en Wantzen. in alle vier waerelds deelen Europe. Asia. Africa en America. [Representation exactement coloree d'apres nature des Cigales et des Pimaises. qui se trouvantdanslesquatrepartiesdumonde, I'Europe. I'Asie. I'AfriqueetI'Amerique.J 12 pp. Jan Christian Sepp, Amsterdam. Comments on this note are invited for publication (subject to editing) in the Bulletin, they should be sent to the Executive Secretary, I.C.Z.N., c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: iczn(@nhm.ac.uk).