SUN"'TZU THEA RTO FW ARFARE THE FIRST ENGLISHT RANSLATION INCORPORATINTGH E RECENTLYD ISCOVERED ' YIN-CHUEH-SHATNE XTS TRANSLATED, WITHA N INTRODUCTION AND COMMENTARY, BY ROGERT .A MES A Ballantine Book Published by The Random House Publishing Group Translation and new tC>..'t copyright ((!) 1993 by Roger T. Ames All righiS reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Convencions. Published in the United Stares by Ballancine Books, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Can•da Limited, Toronto. Ballantine and colophon are registered trademorks of Rondom House, Inc. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Wing Tek Lum for permission to reprint "Chinese Hot Pot" from Expormdirrg tlr< Doubiful PoirriS (B•mboo Ridge Press) by Wing Tek Lum, Copyriglu 0 1987 Wing Tek Lum. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sun-tzu, 6th cent. B.C. [Sun-tzu ping fa. English) Sun-tzu : the art ofw ar : the first English translation incorporating the recently discovered Yin-ch' iieh-sh•n texts I translated, with an introduction and commentary, by Roger T. Ames. - I st ed. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-345-36239-X 1. Military art and science-Early works to 1800. I. Ames, Roger T., 1947- . II. 1itlc. Ul01.S95 1993b 355.02-<lc21 92-52662 CIP www.ballantinebooks.corn Text design by Holly Johnson Manufactured in the U nited States ofA merica First Edition: January 1993 16 18 19 17 15 CoNTENTS ACKNWOLEDGMTESN 7 PERFACTEO T HEB ALLANTEIDNIET ION 9 Th"eN eSwu"nz -ut 9 ArchaeAo lRloeugvtyoii:tno h Snet uodfEy a rClhyi na 13 TheE xcavaaYtti ino-nc h'i.ieh-shan 15 Th"eO noerT w o' MastSeurn"D s e'b ate 7 I SuWnu a asH itsorPiecraslo n 26 ThRee consSturnu-TcthetzA eurfd:tW aifare 29 o AnaloyfSs uins-T theAz ruft:W aifare 31 o WisdaonWmda arrfe 31 ThCel sasiCchailnW eorslVedi ew: ThUen comAmsosnu mptions 33 SomCel asWsesitceAarslns umpA"t Tiwo-onWosr:lT dh"e or3y5 Some CClhaisnsAeisscseau lm pA"t TihoWinorssl-:Vd i"e w 3 7 CentrHiarpmeotananyAld u thority 46 Warfaatsrh Aeer o tfC ontaelxitzuing 48 StraAtdevgain(cts ahighe) 50 Strategi(cs haAidnhSvd)ta rnatPtaoegsgeii tc(ih iosnngi) ng5 7 AccorwdiitnhEg n teh(meiyyn ) 58 AnA ttittouwdWaeara rdrf e 58 ThEex empCloamrmya nder 60 Forekn(ohcwilhe)d ge 61 Introtdou cTttrhiaeon ns lations 67 4 Contents · Su-..·-TlTl.:i:l EAR T OF WARFARAE: T RAl'iSLATio;o.; SU!'i-TPZAURI:T ThTeh irteeTne-xCt hapter 71 Chap1tO:en Ar s sessments 73 Chap2tO:en Wr a giBnatgtl e 75 Chap3tP:ael nrn tihnAegt tack 79 Chap4tS:r etart Peogsiic(t hisoinnsg) 83 ChaptSetrr aAtdevgain(ctsh ah)gi e 85 5: Chpat6eW:re a kPo ianntSdst rPoonign ts 89 Chap7tA:e rrmC eodn test 93 Chpat8eA:r d apttoti hnNegi nCeo ntin(pgieennc)i es9 7 Chpat9eD:r e plotyhAiern mgy 101 Chap1t:0Te hrTe er rain 170 Chap1t:1Te hrNe i nKei nodfTse r rain 111 Chpat1e:2rI ncenAdtitaarcyk 121 Chap1t3Ue:sr iS npgi es 123 SU!'i-TPZAURI:TI TexRte covfoermrt ehYdei n-ch'HiiaeDnhy -nsaShstatrnyi p1s72 1T.h Qeu estoifo nWsu 192 2[. ThFeor uC ontinJg encies 131 3T.h Yee lElmopwe Artotrat chReke sEd m peror 153 4T. hDei spo[sotifhtT eier ornJaI iIn 173 5.[ AInn tewrivttihheKe wi nogfW u J 193 SU!'i-TPZAUR:T III TexRte covfermroL eadtW eorrk s 154 AC onverbseattwtiehoKeenin no fgW u a nSdu Wnu 174 I. 2S. un DWius ctuhsCeso emsm ander 196 3S. un DWius cDuespsleotsyh Aiern mgy 17 7 4.T heP rnoogstiocfSa utni-otnzsu 181 5S.u Wnu D isctuhs"esE eisg ht-FDroimvaitsiioonn" 148 6T. hCel sasoiftc h Tehr ity-Rtawmop arts 168 7H. aDny naBsatmoyboS trfoirmpTs a -tC'ouuynn gt 178 119 Miscellaneous 8. Contents 0 5 APPENDIX 159 Backgtroto huEenx dc avaaYtti inoi-nec hh-'ishan 159 DatitnhTgeo mabnsId d eynittnihgfe Occupants2 00 ThFei rst RPeupbolritssh ed 201 ThBea mbSotorM iaupns pctrasin d DTahteeirs 203 NOTSE 207 BBILIROAGPHYO FW ORKSC ITED 229 IDNEX 235 ACKNOWELDGMENTS Theasreeex cidtaifyronst g hs etu doyfc laasClsh iiOcnvaet.rhp ea fswet decasdteusdo,efe n atrCslh yi,e n nacoubryta hgceeo dn tidsnicuoivnegr y oft exmtautaell roifsarotm l ilsle nhnaivbaee, ew no rktiobn rgit nhgi s cultfurormaaltplieyvr iein ostdho a rfcopuesr. OweLno cakC ,h isnpcaei taa lniadsl esdoi toro-fiD neR-lec yh ief Boo(kaisnm profiB naatln ltBionoehk asfs)oo ,lw letdh edseev elopments cloasneldby ,eh ekanes e anwlayorf te h seiiigrcn aifnfrouc ned erstanding the cultoutfrh laeole n scgotor nitgicininiuvszoi aulitshni u omnha sint ory. Classoif,c 1sn ciCenhti ntah,s ee roifwe hsit cihvhso luSum11e-t,Tz hueA: rto f Warfarieas,p arr, hasb yOb weeaenasnm ecaornbfesr a itnetgdhi insg rev­ olutttoih oaent teonfatb iroornae da pduibnHlgii csca .ra etfutle tnot ion thisa etbv oesortkya h gidese, t aciolmemsdeo nndt rtam fanussac,nr di pt hiison rfmeendt hufsrot ihsaeus bmij teshceatmlv afed tehp er oejneyjc­ot ablee xacnifdotr mit nhge outasmme otgs,tr aattneohdfu i lmI . RobGe.rH te nrwiichtkihtss r, a nsolfl.a ctw-i1ro1z'un-:c t haioni gn, au­ guratthseiedsr ainebdsyt , hs eu stqauiavnol efhid its sc holhaasrses th ip ah isgtha nduasar ldHl el.t,i o kre rOewtaehdmne a, un scraingpdat v,e mec ommetnhhatatsmv aed iaetb etteIrh vabero eolokina.e n do tahue­r thioonru sre rRioebDsi.S,nY . a twehsho,a b se eenvg eern ewriotuhs his advoinmc iielt taercylh ongoy. InB eijIb iennge,ffo rimpt eerds coonmaa·lte iraosnnfdors m t hiem ­ portpaunbtl iocfaW tuJi iounl(soW nuCg h iu)-a lnuLdni Lg inIg:n. Shncyatnhgce,o nsummate Zshceh1o(1lCZaheraC nhgZ-e htnasneg) sheadhr iwso raknh diw sa rmth. 8 Ackwnlgoemdesn t · Iw ouldl eita kotl hsaoTn ikaC nh ensofht ahCnee nftroeC rh inese Stuadti eUtsnvh ieer osfHi atwy awihwoio ,r kceldo sely twhiet h me on prepaorfta htceir oinCt hiicnateles Sxeet v.e orfma ycl o elalgguaevse thetiimre t hatenhidor u igrnhe tasdd iifrenfeggn etn eroaftth mieao nns­ uscrIai mpg tr:a tteoMfu ilc hSapeeliT daeTol' ,ie Enl-ieyztiBah,ub ck, anDda nCioelle . ThCeh uga-nttzeuul stl hsna otno efu sw alaklsoe naeoc;hfu si" sa crowa"d fi,e"ol fsd e lDv.eCs .L. a"Au n,g Gursa hYaamnY,gu -wEelii,o t DeutDsacvhLi,.Hd al Hle,yn R rosemJ.ora,nn tGd,r ahPaamr kes-and myf mailByo:nJ naiseAo,un s,at niCdnlf ,i- hfaavlel crowadIse d around collmeycstaeenldddf i tdh is anwIodh r akvs,ep ento fta i wmlieot th eaocfht heImaf.ne xpreosfgs riaotcnio tueulvddbee era o tn ce sincere ansde lifits hfi,roms e o snto h oicsc asion. ROGTEARM ES Honolulu PREAFCET OT HE BALALNTINEEDI TION THE" NEW" SUN-TZU ThSeu n-otzr'u' ,M aSsutniet,srh" l eo negxeisstat nmidon swgti dsetluyd ­ iemdi alricytl aishnsu imcha inos rQtyui.t aep preolpiyrdt,ia atbteastc ok thWea rrSitnapgte ers(i c4o.0d3 -1B2 .2Ca.f r)o,m atpihvaiesCn eh inese cilviizawhteicnoo nn triiblnui ttieaornnapsdth usirolepow heyrr ei valed imna gniatnsudod peh isotniblcydya e tvieolnoi pnm eanenta ssi inncgrly efifcimeinlti tary culture. Ovetrhc eo uorfst ehp er eceSdpirnaignnA dgu tupmenr (ico.d 722-41B8 ..Cs),c oorfse msa ll, semiahuajtdoo ininoanemno do n u­s states goiwnagor f surviivniat ls, o wnlatlekhyadee vo izonersgn o " central sta(tcehsu"n fgr-okwmuh oip)cr he se"nCth-idtnaaakyi"e ta ssc tCuhail­ nese-algnaea nmgBeuyt. h1fie f ci:ehn tBCu..ir,hty a bde cocmleet oaa rl l contetnhdaetr sat ehlretan totinovle yw innpienrgAi nswadhats .sh etsoe rivtaotlrhts eh roofanu ein fCiheidgn raef wewe trh,se t aakntedhsb e r u­ taylo ifwt arfianercaerse exdp oanle.ln yti Durinpge rtwihaoirdsfw, aa trsre ao nrsmffeordma g elnetmaanrlty to ani ntdruaysn,ldv ie lso osntt h kei lfleiilcndlgsi mtboe mdnb ueirns the huneddorsft housIatnidnpseh.ri alnotts oouptrhheecedre sns ttraaotlfe s Chionfeafr,it nhgea divrai ncsdee rvtioc cetoshn et erlsuitfnimangig sl .i e Alownigtt hhC eo nfucMioahsntia,,n t dh Lee gaplhiislto sophers who joitnhetidos u ra n weaws borfme iealdris ytp ecialiistnth se schooled conctraectatenis dct sr aotfwe aggieiefensfcg t wiavrefO aftr heem.si el i­ taerxyp ehritssht,aor sre ym embbeeasrm tea dn nSaumWneu fd or mt he stoaftWe uk ,n ohwonn orai"sfiS cnua-ltolzr"yu M "sa tSeurn ."