EDITED BY P G eter alison and E T mily hompson T A S he r c h i t e c t u r e of c i e n c e BLANK PAGE T A S he r c h i t e c t u r e of c i e n c e EDITED BY Peter Galison and Emily Thompson The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Adobe Garamond by Graphic Composition, Inc., Athens, Georgia. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The architecture of science / edited by Peter Galison and Emily Thompson, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-07190-8 (he : alk. paper) 1. Architecture and science. 2. Architecture and technology. 3. Laboratories. I. Galison, Peter Louis. II. Thompson, Emily Ann. NA2343.S35A73 1999 720—dc21 98-43966 BLANK PAGE C ontents Notes on Contributors xiii 1 Buildings and the Subject of Science 1 Peter Galison I Of Secrecy and Openness: Science and Architecture in Early Modern Europe 2 Masculine Prerogatives: Gender, Space, and Knowledge in the Early Modern Museum 29 Paula Findlen 3 Alchemical Symbolism and Concealment: The Chemical House ofLibavius 59 William R. Newman 4 Openness and Empiricism: Values and Meaning in Early Architectural Writings and in Seventeenth-Century Experimental Philosophy 79 Pamela O. Long II Displaying and Concealing Technics in the Nineteenth Century 5 Architectures for Steam 107 M. Norton Wise 6 Illuminating the Opacity of Achromatic Lens Production: Joseph von Fraunhofer s Use of Monastic Architecture and Space as a Laboratory 141 Myles W Jackson 7 The Spaces of Cultural Representation, circa 1887 and 1969: Reflections on Museum Arrangement and Anthropological Theory in the Boasian and Evolutionary Traditions 165 George W. Stocking Jr. 8 Bricks and Bones: Architecture and Science in Victorian Britain 181 Sophie Forgan III Modern Space 9 “Spatial Mechanics”: Scientific Metaphors in Architecture 213 Adrian Forty 10 Diagramming the New World, or Hannes Meyer s “Scientization” of Architecture 233 K. Michael Hays 11 Listening to/for Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and the Development of Modern Spaces in America 253 Emily Thompson 12 Of Beds and Benches: Building the Modern American Hospital 281 Allan M. Brandt and David C. Sloane IV Is Architecture Science? 13 Architecture, Science, and Technology 309 Antoine Picon 14 Architecture as Science: Analogy or Disjunction? 337 Alberto Pérez-Gómez 15 The Mutual Limits of Architecture and Science 353 Kenneth Frampton 16 The Hounding of the Snark 375 Denise Scott Brown V Princeton after Modernism: The Lewis Thomas Laboratory for Molecular Biology 17 Thoughts on the Architecture of the Scientific Workplace: Community, Change, and Continuity 385 Robert Venturi 18 The Design Process for the Human Workplace 399 James Collins Jr. 19 Life in the Lewis Thomas Laboratory 413 ArnoldJ. Levine 20 Two Faces on Science: Building Identities for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 423 Thomas E Gieryn VI Centers, Cities, and Colliders 21 Architecture at Fermilab 459 Robert R. Wilson 22 The Architecture of Science: From D’Arcy Thompson to the SSC 475 Moshe Safdie 23 Factory, Laboratory, Studio: Dispersing Sites of Production 497 Peter Galison and Caroline A. Jones Index 541