CENTAURS ANCIENT ART IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD BY PAUL BAUR V. C. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY YALE UNIVERSITY ^ITH 38 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT AND 15 PLATES Wi KARL CURTIUS BERLIN BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME PROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Menvg W. Sage 1S91 fiiJigsi cirri ...„:.... : ij.. 5931 CORNELLUNIVERSITY LIBRARY All booksare subjecttorecall aftertwoweeks Oliri/Kroch Library 3 1924 072 600 863 DATE DUE hMI 1 ^FR ?:LJ002 ' mmt- MfilM ! I'f q 1 ^ ! GAYLORD PRINTEDINU.S.A. Cornell University mi Library '«=B The book original of this is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924072600863 CENTAURS ANCIENT IN ART 1 THE ARCHAIC PERIOD By PAUL V BAUR C. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY YALE UNIVERSITY WITH 38 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT AND 15 PLATES 19 12 KARL CURTIUS BERLIN hc'lvSt SPAMERSCHE BUCHDRUCKEREI IN LEIPZIG DEDICATED My TO WIFE PREFACE. The centaur in ancient literature has often been discussed, but so far as I know an exhaustive study of the centaur in ancient art has never been made. Such a study seemed to meworthwhile, especially since an erroneous impression concerning the development of the types has become almost universal, due to the limited horizon of those who have dealt only casually with this subject. For Nessos, Chiron and Pholos Stephani, Compte-Rendu 1865, 102 sqq. and 1873, 73 sqq., 90 sqq. has collected valuable material. I have attempted to catalogue the various types from the earliest times down to the end of the archaic period, 480 B. C, and have made a three-fold division, ClassA Centaurs with equine forelegs. ClassB Centaurs with human forelegs, and : : Class C: Centaurs with human forelegs ending in hoofs. So far as it was practical I have arranged the examples collected according to locality and in chronological order, at the same time attempting to form groups of the various mythological subjects. This could not very well be carried out systematically and methodically in the archaic period of Attic ceramic art of Class A for various reasons, but espe- cially because two different subjects sometimes are found on one and the same vase. Occasionally I have included monuments of even later date than 480 B. C, but only where the types seemed important for a full understanding of those of earlier times. It is an agreeabletasktoacknowledgemyindebtednesstomyfriendandteacher, the late Professor Kekul^ von Stradonitz, who encouraged me to publish this work, and to Professor Robert Zahn who also had made a collection of centaurs in ancient art which he unselfishly placed at my disposal. Both were of inestimable help in making it pleasant for me to collect the material in the Berlin Museum and in the Archaeological Apparat of the Berlin University. To Dr. J. Sieveking of Munich my hearty thanks are due for his help in procuring illustrative material, so too to Dr. Edward Robinson of the Metropolitan Museum and to Drs. J. H. Holwerda and M. A. Evelein of Leyden. To all the other curators of Museums who have aided me by supplying photographs and other needful information I my hereby acknowledge thanks. Berlin, April 1912. Paul V. C. Baur. . TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page V Preface Abbreviations VIII A. Centaurs of Class A with equine forelegs on: I. Oriental monuments i II. Monuments of the geometric period 4 III. Early archaic Melian intaglios 7 IV. Melian stamped red ware 8 V. Primitive terracotta figurines: a) Boeotia 9 b) Cyprus 9 VI. Archaic Attic vases 10 VII. "Cyrenaic" pottery 53 VIII. Ionic pottery, Aegean island style 56 IX. "Euboean" and Corinthian pottery 57 X. Theban Cabirion ware 61 XI. Italo-Ionic and Etrusco-Ionic vases 61 XII. Architectural reliefs: a) Assos 68 b) Samsoun 70 XIII. Ionic bronze statuette 71 XIV. Etruscan bronze statuette 71 XV. Gems, Greek and Etruscan 72 XVI. Coins 72 XVII. Etruscan bucchero ware » 74 XVIII. Stamped red ware of uncertain fabric 74 B. Centaurs of Class B with human forelegs on: I. Monuments of the geometric period 78 II. Primitive bronzes and terracottas 78 III. Vases of transition period between geometric and later styles 82 IV. Melian gem 84 V. Stamped red ware 84 VI. Cretan stamped relief ware 87 VII. Rhodian stamped gold plaques 88 VIII. Bronze reUefs from Olympia 89 IX. Proto-Corinthian vases 90 X. Corinthian ware 93 XI. Clazomenian sarcophagi 95 XII. Plastic monuments 96 XIII. Bronze chariot from Monteleone 97 XIV. "Cyrenaic" pottery 97 XV. Greek bronze statuettes 98 XVI. Greek gems 99 XVII. Attic vases 100 XVIII. Etruscan red ware: a) Stamped reliefs no b) Incised figures 112