The Arab-Israeli Conflict The Arab-Israeli conflict has been one of the most protracted and contentious disputes in modern history. This wide-ranging textbook examines the diplo- matic and historical setting within which the conflict developed, from both the Israeli and Palestinian perspectives, and gives a comprehensive overview of the peace process. The new edition includes a revised and updated introduc- tion and a wider selection of documents through the first year of the Trump presidency. Enabling students to easily access and study original documents through the supportive framework of a textbook, The Arab-Israeli Conflict: • presents over 80 of the most important and widely cited documents in the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict • presents these documents in an edited form to highlight key elements • includes an introductory chapter which sets the context for the study of the history of the conflict • covers a comprehensive historical period, ranging from the n ineteenth century to the present day • incorporates a wide range of pedagogical aids: original documents, maps, and boxed sections. This important textbook is an essential aid for courses on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Middle East peace process, and will be an invaluable refer- ence tool for all students of political science, Middle East studies, and history. Gregory S. Mahler is Academic Dean Emeritus and Research Professor of Politics at Earlham College. He received his B.A. degree from Oberlin Col- lege and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Duke University. He has authored or edited over 30 books in the areas of comparative politics and Israeli and Middle Eastern Politics, and his academic interests include political institu- tions and democratic government. The Arab-Israeli Conflict An Introduction and Documentary Reader Second Edition Gregory S. Mahler First published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Gregory S. Mahler The right of Gregory S. Mahler to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-1-138-04767-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-04768-6 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-17065-7 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by codeMantra Every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders. Please advise the publisher of any errors or omissions, and these will be corrected in subsequent editions. For Marjorie Contents List of maps xiii PART I Introduction 1 PART II From Herzl (1896) to Recognition as a State (1949) 55 1 Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State (1896) 57 2 The Basle Program, Resolutions of the First Zionist Congress (August 30, 1897) 70 3 Sir Henry McMahon: The McMahon Letter (October 24, 1915) 71 4 The Sykes-Picot Agreement (May 16, 1916) 73 5 The Balfour Declaration (November 2, 1917) 77 6 The Weizmann-Feisal Agreement (January 3, 1919) 78 7 The White Paper of 1922 (June, 1922) (The “Churchill White Paper”) 81 8 The Mandate for Palestine (July 24, 1922) 85 9 British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald Letter to Chaim Weizmann (February 13, 1931) 94 10 The Palestine Royal Commission (Peel Commission): Report (July 24, 1937) 99 11 British Government: Policy Statement against Partition (November 11, 1938) 112 viii Contents 12 British Government: The White Paper (May 17, 1939) 115 13 Zionist Reaction to the White Paper (May, 1939) 125 14 The Biltmore Program: Towards a Jewish State (May 11, 1942) 127 15 Arab Office Report to Anglo–American Committee (March 1946) 129 16 United Nations General Assembly: Resolution 181, The Partition of Palestine (November 29, 1947) 133 17 Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (May 14, 1948) 142 18 Creation of a Conciliation Commission, General Assembly Resolution 194 (III) (December 11, 1948) 145 19 Admission of Israel to the United Nations, General Assembly Resolution 273 (III) (May 11, 1949) 147 PART III From Recognition (1949) through the Start of a Peace Process (1978) 149 20 U.N. General Assembly Resolution 303 (IV). Palestine: Question of an International Regime for the Jerusalem Area and the Protection of the Holy Places (December, 1949) 151 21 State of Israel: Law of Return (July, 1950) 153 22 U.N. Security Council: Resolution 95, Concerning… the Passage of Ships through the Suez Canal (September 1, 1951) 155 23 Palestine National Authority: Palestine Liberation Organization Draft Constitution (December, 1963) 157 24 Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban: Speech to the Security Council of the United Nations (June 6, 1967) 161 25 Protection of Holy Places Law (June 27, 1967) 171 26 The Khartoum Resolutions (September 1, 1967) 172 Contents ix 27 U.N. Security Council: Resolution 242 (November 22, 1967) 174 28 The Palestinian National Charter: Resolutions of the Palestine National Council (July 1–17, 1968) 175 29 The Seven Points of Fatah (January, 1969) 180 30 U.N. Security Council: Resolution 338 (October 22, 1973) 181 31 Palestine National Council: Resolutions at the 12th Session of the Palestine National Council (June, 1974) 182 32 Interim Agreement between Israel and Egypt (September 1, 1975) 184 33 Statement to the Knesset by President Anwar al Sadat (November 20, 1977) 190 34 Statement to the Knesset by Prime Minister Menachem Begin (November 20, 1977) 200 35 Six-Point Program of the Palestine Liberation Organization (December 4, 1977) 206 36 The Camp David Accords (September 17, 1978) 207 PART IV From Israeli-Egyptian Peace (1979) to Israeli-Jordanian Peace (1994) 213 37 Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt (March 26, 1979) 215 38 Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel (July, 1980) 225 39 Saudi Crown Prince Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz: The Fahd Plan (August 7, 1981) 226 40 Golan Heights Law (December 14, 1981) 227 41 Prime Minister Menachem Begin: The Wars of No Alternative and Operation Peace for the Galilee (August 8, 1982) 228 42 Agreement between Israel and Lebanon (May 17, 1983) 233 43 Palestine National Council: Declaration of Independence (November 15, 1988) 237