Appendix 1: Literature Search Strategy Original Clinical Database Search for Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Health Technology Assessments OVERVIEW Interface: Ovid Databases: Embase MEDLINE Daily and MEDLINE MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) Note: Subject headings have been customized for each database. Duplicates between databases were removed in Ovid. Date of Search: February 26, 2016 Alerts: Monthly search updates until project completion Study Types: Health technology assessments; systematic reviews; meta-analyses; network meta-analyses; overviews of reviews; and guidelines Limits: Date limit: 2011-present Language limit: English- and French-language Conference abstracts: excluded SYNTAX GUIDE / At the end of a phrase, searches the phrase as a subject heading exp Explode a subject heading * Before a word, indicates that the marked subject heading is a primary topic; or, after a word, a truncation symbol (wildcard) to retrieve plurals or varying endings adj Requires words are adjacent to each other (in any order) .ti Title .ab Abstract .hw Heading word; usually includes subject headings and controlled vocabulary .pt Publication type .kw Author keyword (Embase); Keyword (CDSR and DARE) .kf Author keyword heading word (MEDLINE) .mp Mapped term .yr Year .jw Journal title word pmez Ovid database code; MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE 1946 to Present oemezd Ovid database code; Embase 1974 to present, updated daily coch Ovid database code; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews dare Ovid database code; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 334 # Searches 1 exp sleep apnea syndromes/ 2 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,ab,kf. 3 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,ab,kf. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 4 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,ab,kf. 5 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,ab,kf. 6 OSAHS.ti,ab,kf. 7 or/1-6 8 7 use pmez 9 exp sleep disordered breathing/ 10 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,ab,kw. 11 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,ab,kw. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 12 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,ab,kw. 13 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,ab,kw. 14 OSAHS.ti,ab,kw. 15 or/9-14 16 15 use oemezd 17 16 not conference abstract.pt. 18 8 or 17 19 sleep apnea syndromes*.kw. 20 sleep apnea, obstructive*.kw. 21 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,ab,kw. 22 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,ab,kw. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 23 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,ab,kw. 24 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,ab,kw. 25 OSAHS.ti,ab,kw. 26 or/19-25 27 26 use coch,dare 28 meta-analysis.pt. meta-analysis/ or systematic review/ or meta-analysis as topic/ or "meta analysis (topic)"/ or "systematic review 29 (topic)"/ or exp technology assessment, biomedical/ 30 ((systematic* adj3 (review* or overview*)) or (methodologic* adj3 (review* or overview*))).ti,ab,kf,kw. 31 ((quantitative adj3 (review* or overview* or synthes*)) or (research adj3 (integrati* or overview*))).ti,ab,kf,kw. ((integrative adj3 (review* or overview*)) or (collaborative adj3 (review* or overview*)) or (pool* adj3 32 analy*)).ti,ab,kf,kw. 33 (data synthes* or data extraction* or data abstraction*).ti,ab,kf,kw. 34 (handsearch* or hand search*).ti,ab,kf,kw. 35 (mantel haenszel or peto or der simonian or dersimonian or fixed effect* or latin square*).ti,ab,kf,kw. (met analy* or metanaly* or technology assessment* or HTA or HTAs or technology overview* or technology 36 appraisal*).ti,ab,kf,kw. 37 (meta regression* or metaregression*).ti,ab,kf,kw. (meta-analy* or metaanaly* or systematic review* or biomedical technology assessment* or bio-medical 38 technology assessment*).mp,hw,kf,kw. 39 (medline or cochrane or pubmed or medlars or embase or cinahl).ti,ab,hw. 40 (cochrane or (health adj2 technology assessment) or evidence report).jw. 41 (comparative adj3 (efficacy or effectiveness)).ti,ab,kf,kw. 42 (outcomes research or relative effectiveness).ti,ab,kf,kw. OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 335 # Searches 43 ((indirect or indirect treatment or mixed treatment) adj4 comparison*).ti,ab,kf,kw. 44 (network adj3 (meta-analys* or metaanalys*)).ti,ab,kf,kw. 45 (multi* adj3 treatment adj3 comparison*).ti,ab,kf,kw. ((overview* or review or synthesis or summary or cochrane or analysis) and (reviews or meta-analyses or 46 articles or umbrella)).ti,kf,kw. or umbrella review.ab. or (meta-review or metareview).ti,ab,kf,kw. 47 ((overview* or reviews) and (systematic or cochrane)).ti,kf,kw. 48 (reviews adj2 meta).ab. 49 (reviews adj2 (published or quality or included or summar*)).ab. 50 cochrane reviews.ab. 51 (evidence and (reviews or meta-analyses)).ti,kf,kw. 52 or/28-51 53 18 and 52 54 27 or 53 (guideline or practice guideline or consensus development conference or consensus development conference, 55 NIH).pt. 56 (guideline* or standards or consensus* or recommendat*).ti. 57 (practice parameter* or position statement* or policy statement* or CPG or CPGs or best practice*).ti. 58 (care adj2 (path or paths or pathway or pathways or map or maps or plan or plans or standard)).ti. 59 ((critical or clinical or practice) adj2 (path or paths or pathway or pathways or protocol*)).ti. (algorithm* and (pharmacotherap* or chemotherap* or chemotreatment* or therap* or treatment* or 60 intervention*)).ti. (algorithm* and (screening or examination or test or tested or testing or assessment* or diagnosis or diagnoses 61 or diagnosed or diagnosing)).ti. 62 or/55-61 63 18 and 62 64 54 or 63 65 limit 64 to english language [Limit not valid in CDSR,DARE; records were retained] 66 limit 64 to french [Limit not valid in CDSR,DARE; records were retained] 67 65 or 66 68 limit 67 to yr = "2011 -Current" [Limit not valid in DARE; records were retained] 69 remove duplicates from 68 OTHER DATABASES PubMed Searched to capture records not indexed in MEDLINE. Same MeSH, keywords and limits used as per MEDLINE search, with appropriate syntax used. Patient Experiences and Preferences Database Search OVERVIEW Interface: Ovid Databases: Embase MEDLINE Daily and MEDLINE MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations PsycINFO Note: Subject headings have been customized for each database. Duplicates between databases were removed in Ovid. OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 336 Date of Search: March 3, 2016 Alerts: Monthly search updates until project completion Study Types: Patient experiences and preferences Limits: Date limit: 2006-present Language limit: English- and French-language Conference abstracts: excluded SYNTAX GUIDE / At the end of a phrase, searches the phrase as a subject heading exp Explode a subject heading * Before a word, indicates that the marked subject heading is a primary topic; or, after a word, a truncation symbol (wildcard) to retrieve plurals or varying endings adj Requires words are adjacent to each other (in any order) .ti Title .ab Abstract .hw Heading word; usually includes subject headings and controlled vocabulary .pt Publication type .kw Author keyword (Embase); Keyword (CDSR and DARE) .kf Author keyword heading word (MEDLINE) .mp Mapped term .yr Year .jw Journal title word pmez Ovid database code; MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE 1946 to Present oemezd Ovid database code; Embase 1974 to present, updated daily psyb Ovid database code; PsycINFO 1967 to present freq = 2 Frequency (must appear at least two times) # Searches 1 exp *sleep apnea syndromes/ 2 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,kf. 3 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,kf. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 4 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,kf. 5 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,kf. 6 OSAHS.ti,kf. 7 or/1-6 8 7 use pmez 9 exp *sleep disordered breathing/ 10 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,kw. 11 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,kw. 12 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 337 # Searches apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,kw. 13 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,kw. 14 OSAHS.ti,kw. 15 or/9-14 16 15 use oemezd 17 *sleep apnea/ 18 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti. 19 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 20 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti. 21 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti. 22 OSAHS.ti. 23 or/17-22 24 23 use psyb 25 8 or 16 or 24 26 exp patient acceptance of health care/ or caregivers/ 27 26 use pmez,psyb exp patient attitude/ or patient preference/ or patient participation/ or patient satisfaction/ or patient decision 28 making/ or caregiver/ or relative/ or caregiver burden/ or caregiver support/ 29 28 use oemezd ((patient or patients or proband* or individuals or survivor* or family or families or familial or kindred* or relative or relatives or care giver* or caregiver* or carer or carers or personal or spous* or partner or partners or couples or users or participant* or people or child* or teenager* or adolescent* or youth or girls or boys or adults or elderly or females or males or women* or men or men's or mother* or father* or parents or parent or parental or maternal or paternal) and (preference* or preferred or input or experience or experiences or value or values or perspective* or perception* or perceive or perceived or expectation* or choice* or choose* or choosing or "day- 30 to-day" or lives or participat* or acceptance or acceptability or acceptable or accept or accepted or adheren* or adhere or nonadheren* or complian* or noncomplian* or willingness or convenience or convenient or challenges or concerns or limitations or quality of life or satisfaction or satisfied or dissatisfaction or dissatisfied or burden or attitude* or knowledge or belief* or opinion* or understanding or lessons or reaction* or motivation* or motivated or intention* or involvement or engag* or consult* or interact* or dialog* or conversation* or decision* or decide* or deciding or empower* or survey* or focus group* or interview* or questionnaire* or Likert or qualitative or theme* or thematic or barrier* or facilitator*)).ti. ((patient or patients or proband* or individuals or survivor* or family or families or familial or kindred* or relative or relatives or care giver* or caregiver* or carer or carers) adj2 (preference* or preferred or input or experience or experiences or value or values or perspective* or perception* or perceive or perceived or expectation* or choice* or choose* or choosing or "day-to-day" or lives or participat* or acceptance or acceptability or acceptable or accept or accepted or adheren* or adhere or nonadheren* or complian* or noncomplian* or 31 willingness or convenience or convenient or challenges or concerns or limitations or quality of life or satisfaction or satisfied or dissatisfaction or dissatisfied or burden or attitude* or knowledge or belief* or opinion* or understanding or lessons or reaction* or motivation* or motivated or intention* or involvement or engag* or consult* or interact* or dialog* or conversation* or decision* or decide* or deciding or empower* or survey* or focus group* or interview* or questionnaire* or Likert or qualitative or theme* or thematic or barrier* or facilitator*)).ab,kf. ((patient or patients or proband* or individuals or survivor* or family or families or familial or kindred* or relative or relatives or care giver* or caregiver* or carer or carers) adj7 (preference* or preferred or input or experience 32 or experiences or value or values or perspective* or perception* or perceive or perceived or expectation* or choice* or choose* or choosing or "day-to-day" or lives or participat* or acceptance or acceptability or acceptable or accept or accepted or adheren* or adhere or nonadheren* or complian* or noncomplian* or OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 338 # Searches willingness or convenience or convenient or challenges or concern or limitations or quality of life or satisfaction or satisfied or dissatisfaction or dissatisfied or burden or attitude* or knowledge or belief* or opinion* or understanding or lessons or reaction* or motivation* or motivated or intention* or involvement or engag* or consult* or interact* or dialog* or conversation* or decision* or decide* or deciding or empower* or survey* or focus group* or interview* or questionnaire* or Likert or qualitative or theme* or thematic or barrier* or facilitator*)).ab. /freq = 2 ((personal or spous* or partner or partners or couples or users or participant* or people or child* or teenager* or adolescent* or youth or girls or boys or adults or elderly or females or males or women* or men or men's or mother* or father* or parents or parent or parental or maternal or paternal) adj2 (preference* or preferred or input or experience or experiences or value or values or perspective* or perception* or perceive or perceived or expectation* or choice* or choose* or choosing or "day-to-day" or lives or participat* or acceptance or acceptability or acceptable or accept or accepted or adheren* or adhere or nonadheren* or complian* or 33 noncomplian* or willingness or convenience or convenient or challenges or concerns or limitations or quality of life or satisfaction or satisfied or dissatisfaction or dissatisfied or burden or attitude* or knowledge or belief* or opinion* or understanding or lessons or reaction* or motivation* or motivated or intention* or involvement or engag* or consult* or interact* or dialog* or conversation* or decision* or decide* or deciding or empower* or survey* or focus group* or interview* or questionnaire* or Likert or qualitative or theme* or thematic or barrier* or facilitator*)).ab. /freq = 2 34 (patient adj (reported or centered* or centred* or focused)).ti,ab,kf. 35 (treatment* adj2 (satisf* or refus*)).ti,ab,kf. 36 (lived experience* or shared decision making).ti,ab,kf. 37 or/27,29-36 38 25 and 37 39 limit 38 to yr = "2006 -Current" 40 39 not conference abstract.pt. 41 limit 40 to english language 42 limit 40 to french 43 41 or 42 44 remove duplicates from 43 OTHER DATABASES PubMed Searched to capture records not indexed in MEDLINE. Same MeSH, keywords and limits used as per MEDLINE search, with appropriate syntax used. CINAHL Searched to capture records not indexed in MEDLINE. Same MeSH, keywords and limits used as per MEDLINE search, with appropriate syntax used, including the addition of CINAHL headings. Ethics Implications Database Search OVERVIEW Interface: Ovid Databases: MEDLINE Daily and MEDLINE MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations Note: Duplicates between databases were removed in Ovid. Date of Search: March 7, 2016 OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 339 Alerts: Monthly search updates until project completion Study Types: Ethics/Legal/Social Limits: Date limit: none Language limit: English- and French-language SYNTAX GUIDE / At the end of a phrase, searches the phrase as a subject heading exp Explode a subject heading * Before a word, indicates that the marked subject heading is a primary topic; or, after a word, a truncation symbol (wildcard) to retrieve plurals or varying endings adj Requires words are adjacent to each other (in any order) .ti Title .ab Abstract .hw Heading word; usually includes subject headings and controlled vocabulary .kf Author keyword heading word .fs Floating subheading # Searches 1 exp Ethics/ 2 exp Privacy/ 3 exp Sociology/ 4 exp Jurisprudence/ 5 exp Psychology, Social/ 6 "Legislation & Jurisprudence".fs. 7 ethics.fs. 8 exp Geography, Medical/ 9 exp Environmental Pollution/ 10 Medically Underserved Area/ 11 (waste* or pollution or polluting or contamination or contaminated).ti,ab,kf. 12 ((Healthcare or Health Care or nonclinical or Community Based) adj (Deliver* or Distribution* or System*)).ti,ab,kf. 13 (geographic adj (region* or area*)).ti,ab,kf. 14 (remote or urban or rural).ti,ab,kf. 15 (ethic or ethics or ethical or moral* or bioethic*).ti,ab,hw,kf. 16 (legal* or liabilit* or litigation* or constitutional or justice or law or laws or jurisprudence or complicit*).ti,ab,hw,kf. 17 (lawsuit* or lawyer* or lawmaker*).ti,ab,kf. 18 human right*.ti,ab,kf. 19 civil right*.ti,ab,kf. 20 (prejudice* or stigma or stigmas or stigmatization or stigmatize or stigmatise or stigmatisation or inequalit* or fairness).ti,ab,kf. 21 ((care or treatment) adj2 (duty or obligat*)).ti,ab,kf. 22 (social* adj (responsibl* or obligat*)).ti,ab,kf. 23 (communitarian* or beneficence or nonmaleficence or non-maleficence or accountability).ti,ab,kf. 24 harm.ti,ab,kf. 25 (privacy or private or confidential*).ti,ab,hw,kf. OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 340 # Searches 26 ((informed or presumed) adj2 (consent or choice or decision making)).ti,ab,kf. 27 autonomy.ti,ab,hw,kf. 28 transparency.ti,ab,kf. 29 or/1-28 30 exp *sleep apnea syndromes/ 31 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,kf. 32 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,kf. 33 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,kf. 34 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,kf. 35 OSAHS.ti,kf. 36 or/30-35 37 29 and 36 38 limit 37 to english language 39 limit 37 to french 40 38 or 39 41 remove duplicates from 40 OTHER DATABASES PubMed Searched to capture records not indexed in MEDLINE. Same MeSH, keywords and limits used as per MEDLINE search, with appropriate syntax used. CINAHL Searched to capture records not indexed in MEDLINE. Same MeSH, keywords and limits used as per MEDLINE search, with appropriate syntax used, including the addition of CINAHL headings. Grey Literature for Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analyses, Health Technology Assessments, Patients Experiences and Preferences, and Ethics Dates for Search: March 9 to 16, 2016; additional searching on March 30 to April 1, 2016 Keywords: Sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep disordered breathing Limits: Publication years: HTA/SR/MA – 2011-present; Patient experiences and preferences – 2006- present; Ethics – no date limit Relevant websites from the following sections of the CADTH grey literature checklist, “Grey matters: a practical tool for searching health-related grey literature” (https://www.cadth.ca/grey-matters), will be searched:  Health Technology Assessment Agencies  Health Economics  Clinical Practice Guidelines  Databases (free)  Internet Search  Open Access Journals. OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 341 Supplemental Clinical Database Search for Primary Studies OVERVIEW Interface: Ovid Databases: Embase MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print MEDLINE Daily and MEDLINE MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations Note: Subject headings have been customized for each database. Duplicates between databases were removed in Ovid. Date of Search: May 13, 2016 Alerts: Monthly search updates until project completion Study Types: Not limited by study design Limits: Date limit: 2006-present Language limit: English- and French-language Conference abstracts: excluded SYNTAX GUIDE / At the end of a phrase, searches the phrase as a subject heading exp Explode a subject heading * Before a word, indicates that the marked subject heading is a primary topic; or, after a word, a truncation symbol (wildcard) to retrieve plurals or varying endings adj# Requires words are adjacent to each other within a specified range (in any order) .ti Title .ab Abstract .pt Publication type .kw Author keyword (Embase) .kf Author keyword heading word (MEDLINE) .yr Year ppez Ovid database code; MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE 1946 to Present oemezd Ovid database code; Embase 1974 to present, updated daily # Searches 1 exp sleep apnea syndromes/ 2 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,ab,kf. 3 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,ab,kf. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 4 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,ab,kf. 5 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,ab,kf. 6 OSAHS.ti,ab,kf. 7 or/1-6 OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 342 # Searches 8 (Expiratory positive airway pressure or EPAP).ti,ab,kf. 9 (tongue adj2 (retain* or reposition* or stabiliz* or stabilis* or advancement or retention)).ti,ab,kf. 10 oral appliance*.ti,ab,kf. 11 mandibular advancement/ 12 ((mandibular or mandible) adj2 (advancement or advancing or protruding or reposition*)).ti,ab,kw. 13 ((genial tubercle or genioglossus) adj2 advanc*).ti,ab,kf. 14 Orthognathic surgery/ 15 ((maxillomandibular or maxillo-mandibular or bimaxillary) adj2 advanc*).ti,ab,kf. 16 ((maxillomandibular or maxillo-mandibular or bimaxillary) adj2 osteotom*).ti,ab,kf. 17 Supine position/ 18 Prone position/ 19 exp Posture/ 20 exp Patient positioning/ 21 ((supine or prone or sleep* or patient*) adj2 position*).ti,ab,kf. 22 (positional therapy or posture).ti,ab,kf. 23 or/8-22 24 7 and 23 25 Continuous positive airway pressure/ 26 (continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP).ti,ab,kf. 27 Airway pressure release ventilation.ti,ab,kf. 28 (nCPAP or APAP or BiPAP).ti,ab,kf. ((bilevel or bi-level or biphasic or bi-phasic or automatic or autotitrating or auto-titrating or autoadjusting or auto- 29 adjusting or nasal) adj3 (positive airway pressure or CPAP or PAP)).ti,ab,kf. 30 (positive airway pressure or PAP or C-PAP).ti,ab,kf. 31 or/25-30 32 exp Life style/ 33 exp Weight loss/ 34 exp Exercise/ 35 exp Diet/ 36 (weight adj2 (loss or reduc* or decreas*)).ti,ab,kf. 37 (lifestyle or life style or exercise or diet).ti,ab,kf. 38 or/32-37 39 7 and 31 and 38 40 24 or 39 41 7 and ((combin* or adjunct*) adj2 (therapies or therapy)).ti,ab,kf. 42 40 or 41 43 limit 42 to english language 44 limit 42 to french 45 43 or 44 46 45 use ppez 47 exp sleep disordered breathing/ 48 ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (apnea* or apnoea*)).ti,ab,kw. 49 (sleep* adj3 disordered adj3 breathing).ti,ab,kw. ((sleep* or nocturnal) adj2 (hypopnea* or hypopnoea* or hypo-apnea* or hypo-apnoea* or apneic-hypopneic or 50 apnoeic-hypopnoeic)).ti,ab,kw. 51 ((OSA or SAHS) and sleep*).ti,ab,kw. 52 OSAHS.ti,ab,kw. 53 or/47-52 54 Expiratory positive airway pressure/ OPTIMAL USE Interventions for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: A Health Technology Assessment 343