The Anarchical Society in a Globalized World Edited by Richard Little and John Williams The Anarchical Society in a Globalized World Also by Richard Little BELIEF SYSTEMS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (with Steve Smith) GLOBAL PROBLEMS AND WORLD ORDER (with R.D. McKinlay) INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS IN WORLD HISTORY (with Barry Buzan) INTERVENTION: External Involvement in Civil War ISSUES IN WORLD POLITICS (3rd edition) (with Brian White and Michael Smith) THE LOGIC OF ANARCHY (with Barry Buzan and Charles Jones) PERSPECTIVES ON WORLD POLITICS (3rd edition) (with Michael Smith) Also by John Williams HANNAH ARENDT AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: Readings across the Lines (co-edited with Anthony F. Lang, Jr) GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP: A Critical Reader (co-edited with Nigel Dower) LEGITIMACY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE RISE AND FALL OF YUGOSLAVIA The Anarchical Society in a Globalized World Edited by Richard Little Department of Politics, University of Bristol and John Williams School of Government and International Affairs, Durham University * Selection, editorial matter, and introduction © Richard Little and John Williams 2006 All remaining chapters © respective authors 2006 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edtion 2006 978-1-4039-8963-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-54220-8 ISBN 978-0-230-50391-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230503915 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The anarchical society in a globalized world/ edited by Richard Little and John Williams. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-54220-8 1. International organization. 2. International relations. 3. Bull, Hedley. Anarchical society. I. Little, Richard, 1944- 11. Williams, john, 1969- JZ1318.A6633 2006 327.1--<lc22 2005058993 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 Transferred to Digital Printing 20 II Contents Acknowledgements vii Notes on Contributors viii Introduction 1 fohn Williams and Richard Little Part I The Contribution to the Study of International Relations 1 Order and Society 13 fohn Williams 2 Seeing (Double) in the Darkness: The Moral Vision of The Anarchical Society 35 Nicholas f. Rengger 3 Hedley Bull, 'Embedded Cosmopolitanism', and the Pluralist-Solidarist Debate 51 foiio M. Almeida Part II The Institutions of Anarchical Society 4 Rethinking Hedley Bull on the Institutions of International Society 75 Barry Buzan S The Balance of Power and Great Power Management 97 Richard Little 6 The Nature of Law in an Anarchical Society 121 David Armstrong 7 Diplomacy, Anti-diplomacy and International Society 141 Ian Hall 8 War in the Twenty-first Century: An Institution in Crisis 162 Charles A. Jones v vi Contents Part III The Test of Time 9 The State of International Society 191 Andrew Hurrell References 216 Index 229 Acknowledgements This book was planned at a workshop organized by the English School Working Group in 2003. The participants are grateful to the British International Studies Association for funding the workshop and to the Department of Politics in the University of Bristol for providing the venue. The editors would also like to thank the School of Government and International Affairs at the University of Durham for providing edit orial assistance and to Lorraine Holmes for her help in the preparation of the manuscript. vii Notes on Contributors Joao M. Almeida is Director of the Portuguese National Defense Insti tute, and Associate Professor of International Relations at the Lusfada University, Lisbon. He received his Ph.D. in International Relations from the London School of Economics. He has published on the English School and on European security, and is working on a book based on the thesis, tentatively entitled Between Anarchy and Empire: Republicanism, International Society and the Pluralist-Solidarist Debate. David Armstrong is Professor of International Relations at the Univer sity of Exeter, having previously been Professor of Politics at Durham University. He has published books and articles on topics ranging from Chinese foreign policy to the rise of the international organisation and is currently working on a book on the evolution of international legal norms. Barry Buzan is Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics, honourary Professor at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, and a Fellow of the British Academy. Amongst his recent books are From International to World Society? English School Theory and the Social Structure of Globalisation. Ian Hall is Lecturer in International Relations at the University of St Andrews. He has published widely on the intellectual history of international relations and is currently completing a study of the work of Martin Wight for the Palgrave Macmillan History of International Thought series. Andrew Hurrell is Director of the Centre for International Studies at Oxford University and a Fellow of Nuffield College. Publications include: co-editor with Louise Fawcett, Regionalism in World Politics (1995); co editor with Ngaire Woods, Inequality, Globalization and World Politics (1999); co-editor with Rosemary Foot and John Gaddis, Order and Justice in International Relations (2003); co-author with Monica Hirst, The United States and Brazil: A Long Road ofUnmet Expectations (2004). At the time of writing, he was about to complete International Society and World Order (to be published). viii Notes on Contributors ix Charles A. jones taught international political economy for many years at the University of Warwick before moving to Cambridge in 1998. In recent years he has specialised in the history of international thought and developed a particular interest in representations of war. Richard Little is Professor of International Politics at the University of Bristol. He is a former editor of the Review of International Studies and Chair of the British International Studies Association. Currently he holds a major research fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust and is working on the history and theory of the balance of power. He is the co-author with Barry Buzan of International Systems in World History. Nicholas j. Rengger is Professor of Political Theory and International Relations at St Andrews University. He has published widely in contem porary political and international theory and intellectual history. His most recent book (with Chris Brown and Terry Nardin) is International Relations in Political Thought: Texts from the Ancient Greeks to the First World War (Cambridge, 2002) and at the time of writing, he was about to complete a study entitled Dealing in Darkness: The Political Theory of Fear, Fraud and Force in International Relations. john Williams is Lecturer in International Relations, School of Govern ment and International Affairs, Durham University. As well as recent publications on the English school in the Review of International Studies and International Relations, he is the author of Ethics and Territorial Borders: Drawing lines in the Shifting Sands published by Palgrave in 2006.