The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. 4, April 1879, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: The American Missionary -- Volume 33, No. 4, April 1879 Author: Various Release Date: November 22, 2016 [EBook #53572] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN MISSIONARY, APRIL 1879 *** Produced by KarenD, Joshua Hutchinson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by Cornell University Digital Collections) VOL. XXXIII. No. 4. THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY. “To the Poor the Gospel is Preached.” APRIL, 1879. CONTENTS: EDITORIAL. MAP OF EASTERN AFRICA (Cover) p. 2 THE ARTHINGTON MISSION 97 FINANCIAL 101 PROGRESS—ENCOURAGEMENT 101 CONGREGATIONALISM IN THE SOUTH: Rev. C. L. Woodworth 102 ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 103 GENERAL NOTES 104 THE FREEDMEN. SUNDAY-SCHOOLS FOR THE FREEDMEN: Rev. J. E. Roy, D. D. 107 VIRGINIA—Work at Hampton, from a Three Months’ Observation: Rev. John H. Denison 109 GEORGIA, MACON—A Beginner’s Reflections, &c. 112 ALABAMA, TALLADEGA—Revival in Church and College 113 SELMA—Revival Work—A Well-organized Church 114 MONTGOMERY—Thoughtful Congregation 115 MISSISSIPPI, TOUGALOO—A Praise Meeting 116 AFRICA. HEATHEN BUNDOO DANCE AND A RETREAT: Benj. James, M. D. 118 VISIT TO THE INTERIOR: Rev. A. E. Jackson 119 THE INDIANS. SCHOOL AND CHURCH WORK AT DUNGINESS, W. T. 120 THE CHINESE. OUR CHINESE HELPERS: Rev. W. C. Pond 121 RECEIPTS 123 NEW YORK. Published by the American Missionary Association, ROOMS, 56 READE STREET. Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance. [97] THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY. VOL. XXXIII. APRIL, 1879. No. 4. American Missionary Association. THE ARTHINGTON MISSION. In the March MISSIONARY WE PUBLISHED THE LETTER CONTAINING THE OFFER OF £3,000 TO THE A. M. A. FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MISSION IN CENTRAL AFRICA, TO LIE BETWEEN THE RIVER NILE ON THE WEST, AND THE RIVER JUB ON THE EAST, AND TO EXTEND FROM 10 DEG. NORTH LATITUDE TO 3 DEG. ON THE NILE, AND 1 DEG. ON THE JUB. THE OFFER HAS RECEIVED AS MUCH AND AS CAREFUL attention as the time has allowed, and we submit in this issue the results so far as yet attained. We call attention to THE ACCOMPANYING MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY OF THE PROPOSED MISSION. THE TERRITORY ASSIGNED IS INCLUDED IN DOTTED LINES, AND IS NEARLY IN THE CENTRE OF THE MAP, WHICH HAS BEEN DRAWN IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LATEST DISCOVERIES. THE SOURCES OF THE NILE are indicated in the Victoria and Albert Nyanza lakes. The rivers Sobat and Jub are given as by the best authorities. The STATIONS OF GONDOKORO AND FATIKO ARE SHOWN, AND THE GENERAL LOCATION OF THE VARIOUS KNOWN TRIBES. THE REPORT SAYS NOTHING OF THE ABYSSINIANS IN THE NORTHEAST, BEING CONFINED THUS FAR TO THE MOST ACCESSIBLE PORTION OF THE REGION. THE MISSION STATIONS ON THE THREE LAKES HAVE BEEN CONSPICUOUSLY LETTERED AND UNDERLINED; THAT OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY AT RUBAGA, THE CAPITAL OF KING MTESA, AND KAGEI ON THE SOUTH END OF THE LAKE, WHERE THEY PROPOSE TO HAVE AT LEAST A DEPOT; UJIJI ON THE TANGANIKA, WHERE THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY HAVE LOCATED; AND LIVINGSTONIA ON THE NYASSA, FROM WHICH THE MISSIONARIES OF THE FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND WILL MOVE TO A LOCATION PROBABLY ON THE WEST coast, where they will be free from the tsetse fly. THE PROPOSED FIELD WILL BE SEEN TO BE ACCESSIBLE BY THE NILE. THE CATARACTS HAVE BEEN ASCENDED BY VESSELS OF CONSIDERABLE SIZE, AT VERY HIGH NILE, BUT ALWAYS WITH GREAT DANGER AND DIFFICULTY. IT IS MORE FEASIBLE TO TRANSPORT FROM SOUAKIM, ON THE RED SEA, ACROSS THE DESERT BY CAMEL-BACK TO BERBER, THENCE BY STEAMER TO KHARTUM AND GONDOKORO, WHICH, OR THE MILITARY STATION ONLY A FEW MILES SOUTH ON THE OPPOSITE BANK OF THE RIVER, MAY BE THE BEST POINT OF DEPARTURE AND DEPOT OF SUPPLIES. IT MAY NOT BE A MATTER OF GREAT DIFFICULTY TO EXPLORE THE SOBAT AND PENETRATE BY IT INTO the very heart of this region. FOR THE VIEW OF THE FIELD AND THE ATTITUDE TOWARD IT TAKEN BY THE ASSOCIATION, WE REFER TO THE FOLLOWING REPORT OF THE FOREIGN COMMITTEE, WHICH WAS UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED AND ORDERED TO BE PRINTED AT THE LAST MEETING OF THE EXECUTIVE Committee: REPORT OF THE FOREIGN COMMITTEE. THE COMMITTEE BEG LEAVE TO REPORT THAT THEY HAVE CONSULTED SUCH BOOKS AS HAVE BEEN ACCESSIBLE, RESPECTING THE PART OF AFRICA DESIGNATED BY MR. ARTHINGTON, AND HAVE ALSO OBTAINED AN INTERVIEW WITH COL. C. CHAILLÉ LONG, THE AFRICAN EXPLORER, WHO HAS PENETRATED BOTH BY THE SOBAT AND THE JUB FURTHER INTO THAT TERRITORY THAN ANY OTHER WHITE MAN NOW living. FROM THE INFORMATION GATHERED, THEY CONCLUDE THAT THOUGH THERE ARE DIFFICULTIES, THERE ARE NO INSURMOUNTABLE OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MISSION PROPOSED. THE COUNTRY HAS BEEN VISITED BY A NUMBER OF EXPLORERS, MERCHANTS AND OFFICERS OF THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT. STEAMERS PLY UP AND DOWN THE NILE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO SOME OF THE TRIBES IT IS PROPOSED TO REACH. SIR SAMUEL BAKER HAS ILLUSTRATED THE FEASIBILITY OF CONVEYING STEEL STEAMERS IN SECTIONS ACROSS THE DESERT, FROM SOUAKIM ON THE RED SEA, TO BERBER ON THE NILE, AT WHICH POINT THEY CAN BE RECONSTRUCTED AND USED ON THE NILE AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. WITH A SMALL SCREW STEAMER, A MISSIONARY EXPEDITION CAN EXPLORE THE DIFFERENT PORTIONS OF THE COUNTRY MENTIONED BY MR. ARTHINGTON, USING THE BOAT FOR STORAGE OF SUPPLIES, AND AS A MISSION HOUSE, until stations can be established. THE LOCALITY ON THE EAST BANK OF THE NILE AND ALONG THE RIVER SOBAT WE BELIEVE TO BE MORE EASY OF ACCESS THAN EITHER OF THE THREE CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE ENGLISH AND THE SCOTCH ON THE NYASSA, TANGANIKA AND VICTORIA NYANZA LAKES, AND THAT EVERY ARGUMENT FOR ESTABLISHING THESE MISSIONS CAN BE APPLIED WITH GREATER FORCE TO A MISSION IN the Nile basin. OF THE REGION AND PEOPLES ACCESSIBLE BY THE RIVER JUB, YOUR COMMITTEE HAVE AS YET BEEN ABLE TO GAIN NO CLEAR INFORMATION, FURTHER THAN THAT THE HIGH LANDS, EXTENDING BACK FOR PERHAPS TWENTY MILES FROM THE SEA-COAST, SINK INTO LOW, MARSHY PLAINS, THROUGH WHICH THE RIVER RUNS AS FAR AS IT HAS BEEN NAVIGATED. THE HIGHER REGION IN THE INTERIOR, IN WHICH IT must have its source, is as yet utterly unknown. WE NOT ONLY DEEM THE PROPOSED MISSION PRACTICABLE, BUT THE CALL TO IT PROVIDENTIAL. THE ATTENTION OF THE CIVILIZED WORLD HAS RECENTLY BEEN DIRECTED IN A STRIKING MANNER TO THE NILE BASIN. THE OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL, AND THE EXPLORATIONS OF [98] SPEKE, GRANT, PETHERICK, SCHWEINFURTH, LONG, BAKER AND STANLEY, HAVE FAMILIARIZED US WITH THE COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE, AWAKENING AN INTEREST IN ITS BEHALF THAT IS WIDE-SPREAD; WHILE THE EFFORTS OF SIR SAMUEL BAKER AND COLONEL GORDON FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF THE SLAVE-TRADE OPEN TO THIS ASSOCIATION AN OPPORTUNITY FOR CO-OPERATION IN A WORK CONSISTENT WITH ITS origin and history. THE NUMBER OF SLAVES THAT COME DOWN THE BLUE AND WHITE NILE IS PROBABLY 25,000 ANNUALLY (SOUTHWORTH, SEE PAGE 355; CHARLES NEW’S “WANDERINGS IN AFRICA,” PAGE 492). MANY OF THESE ARE GATHERED FROM THE FATIKO, OBBO, LATOOKA AND MADI COUNTRY (SEE “ISMAILIA,” PAGE 355), AND EFFORTS FOR THEIR RELIEF BY MISSIONARIES CO-OPERATING WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF COL. GORDON WOULD BE OF MUCH PROMISE (COL. LONG, BEFORE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE A. M. A.), ESPECIALLY AS COL. GORDON HAS BEEN APPOINTED GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE NILE BASIN FOR LIFE, BY THE KHEDIVE OF EGYPT, WHICH POSITION HE HAS ACCEPTED, WITH THE AVOWED PURPOSE OF SUPPRESSING THE SLAVE TRADE. (“KHEDIVE’S EGYPT,” PAGE 294.) HE APPEARS TO HAVE ENTERED UPON THIS TASK WITH THE SPIRIT OF AN OLD SCOTCH COVENANTER, TAKING HIS BIBLE WITH HIM IN HIS TENT, in the desert and in the wilderness. (“Khedive’s Egypt,” page 291.) IT IS A MATTER OF INTEREST THAT THE PROPOSED MISSION IS AMONG THE REAL HEATHEN. MOSLEM AFRICA EXTENDS ACROSS THE CONTINENT TO ABOUT 9 DEG. NORTH LATITUDE. (SEE READE’S “AFRICAN SKETCH BOOK,” VOL. I., PAGE 312.) BELOW THAT BELT OF COUNTRY THERE ARE NO OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF RELIGIOUS EFFORTS AMONG THE NATIVES, EXCEPT THOSE COMMON TO ALL MISSIONS AMONG AN UNCLAD AND TROPICAL PEOPLE. SIR BARTLE FRERE, AS QUOTED BY SECRETARY HUTCHINSON OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, SAYS THAT THE “MISSIONARY, BY THE NEGRO, FREE OR SLAVE, IS EVERYWHERE REGARDED AS A FRIEND. HE HAS NOT THE SLIGHTEST OBJECTION OF ANY KIND, MORAL OR MATERIAL, POLITICAL OR SOCIAL, TO THE MISSIONARY, WHOM HE IS GLAD TO WELCOME AS DOING HIM GOOD IN MANY WAYS, AND GREATLY ADDING TO THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TRIBES, IN THE MIDST OF WHICH A MISSION STATION is established.” THE PECULIARITY OF THE CLIMATE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEOPLE INDICATE THAT THE PROPOSED MISSION SHOULD BE MANNED LARGELY BY FREEDMEN FROM AMERICA. THE CLIMATE IS SURE TO WEAR OUT A WHITE MAN IN THE COURSE OF A FEW YEARS, IF HE REMAINS CONSTANTLY ON THE GROUND. (COL. LONG, BEFORE THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE A. M. A.) THE DEGREE OF MORTALITY AMONG THE WHITE SOLDIERS OF THE EGYPTIAN ARMY, AND THE FATE OF THE MISSIONARIES OF THE AUSTRIAN MISSION AT Gondokoro, illustrate the same fact. Besides, the general testimony is, that black men are better able to convince people OF THEIR OWN COLOR OF THE ATTAINMENTS THAT MAY BE REACHED IN RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION BY THE AFRICAN RACE. THUS IT APPEARS THAT NOT ONLY THE CLIMATE IS FOR THE NEGRO, BUT THE WORK OF MISSIONS AS WELL. IT IS THE OFFICE OF THIS ASSOCIATION TO MAKE USE OF THE FREEDMEN EDUCATED IN ITS SCHOOLS AS MISSIONARIES TO AFRICA, AS SPEEDILY AS PROVIDENCE SHALL OPEN THE WAY. IT is able to furnish a portion of the force required at an early day. THE ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS OF THE COUNTRY ARE SO ABUNDANT THAT THE MATERIAL INTERESTS ESSENTIAL TO THE SUCCESS OF THE MISSION ARE ASSURED. THE RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY ARE IMMENSE. “IT IS ESTIMATED THAT IN THE NINE PROVINCES OF THE SOUDAN THERE ARE 140,000,000 ACRES OF FINE, BLACK, SOFT, LOAMY SOIL, AN ACREAGE THAT WOULD MAKE TWO PRODUCTIVE COTTON EMPIRES, EACH LARGER THAN FRANCE. YOU NEED NOT PLOUGH THIS SOIL; YOU NEED NOT WORK IT; YOU HAVE ONLY TO SCATTER THE SEED, AND THE PERIODICAL RAINS, OR sikeahs (WATER-WHEELS FOR ARTIFICIAL IRRIGATION) WATER THE EARTH, AND THEN AT MATURITY YOU reap your harvest.” (“Four Thousand Miles in Africa,” page 357.) THE MADI COUNTRY, FOR EXAMPLE, IS THICKLY SETTLED, AND ABOUNDS WITH VAST HERDS OF THE FINEST CATTLE. (“ISMAILIA,” PAGE 286.) THE FATIKO PEOPLE ARE MUSCULAR AND WELL BUILT, AND, GENERALLY, THEIR FACES ARE HANDSOME (“ISMAILIA,” PAGE 282); while the Obbo people, living as they do at an altitude of 3,600 feet above the level of the sea, wear clothing, and afford A MARKET FOR CLOTH, FOR WHICH THEY EXCHANGE IVORY, GIVING PROMISE OF AN ACTIVE MARKET AT AN EARLY DAY. (SEE “ALBERT Nyanza,” page 224.) THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF A PORTION OF THE TERRITORY MENTIONED BY MR. ARTHINGTON IS AS ATTRACTIVE AS ANY FOUND IN CENTRAL AFRICA. IN LATITUDE 3 DEG. TO 9 DEG. NORTH, ON THE WHITE NILE, AND EASTWARDS, THE ELEVATIONS VARY FROM 1,500 TO 4,000 FEET ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE SEA (“ISMAILIA,” PAGE 522), AND POSSESS ALL THE VARIETY OF SCENERY OF MOUNTAIN, PLAIN, FOREST AND MEADOW, WHICH GIVE A PARK-LIKE BEAUTY TO PORTIONS OF THE COUNTRY. AT FATIKO, IN LATITUDE 3 DEG. NORTH, DURING EIGHT MONTHS THE RANGE OF THE THERMOMETER WAS BETWEEN 60 DEG. AT 6 A.M. AND 90 DEG. AT NOON, THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE being equal to about 75 deg. (“Ismailia,” pages 513, 514, 515, 516.) FROM ALL THAT CAN BE GATHERED, YOUR COMMITTEE BELIEVE THAT, IF THE MEANS SHALL BE FURNISHED FOR ENTERING UPON THE PROPOSED MISSION FIELD, IT WILL BE WISE TO INAUGURATE THE WORK AMONG THE HIGHLANDS SOUTH OF GONDOKORO, AMONG THE BERRI, FATIKO, LATOOKA OR OBBO TRIBES, SELECTING A LOCALITY, IF POSSIBLE, ACCESSIBLE BY STEAMER, NOT TOO FAR FROM SOME STATION OF THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENT, AND AMONG TRIBES OF MILD AND FRIENDLY DISPOSITION, AND THUS OPEN TO RELIGIOUS AND civilizing agencies. THE COMMITTEE ALSO URGE THAT THE RELATIONS OF AMERICA TO THE SLAVE TRADE HAVE BEEN SUCH THAT WE ARE IN DUTY BOUND TO DO ALL WE CAN FOR THE REDEMPTION OF THE PEOPLE OF AFRICA, AND THAT AS A THANK-OFFERING TO GOD FOR HIS OVERRULING PROVIDENCE IN RIDDING OUR COUNTRY OF SLAVERY, WE, OF AMERICA, SHOULD BE READY TO ESTABLISH ONE NEW MISSION AT LEAST IN ADDITION TO THE THREE THAT HAVE RECENTLY BEEN UNDERTAKEN WITH SO MUCH ENTHUSIASM AND AT SO GREAT EXPENSE BY OUR BRITISH friends. THE SPECIAL CLAIMS OF THIS FIELD UPON THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION ARE OBVIOUS. EQUATORIAL AFRICA IS NOT A NEW AND UNTRIED FIELD TO IT. THE MENDI MISSION WAS ORGANIZED BY THE AMISTAD COMMITTEE THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS AGO, AND WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE CARE OF THE ASSOCIATION IN 1846. WE ARE NOT UNFAMILIAR WITH THE DISCOURAGEMENTS OR THE HOPEFUL ASPECTS OF THE WORK. WE OUGHT TO HAVE LEARNED SOMETHING BY SO LONG EXPERIENCE. IT IS BY NO MEANS PROPOSED TO DIVERT STRENGTH FROM THE OLD MISSION, WHICH HAS NEVER, PERHAPS, BEEN IN MORE PROMISING CONDITION, TO A NEW FIELD. RATHER IT [99] [100] WOULD BE OUR HOPE, IF THE LORD SHOULD LAY THIS WORK UPON US, THAT THESE EASTERN AND WESTERN FIELDS, BALANCING EACH OTHER ACROSS THE DARK CONTINENT, WOULD MORE THAN DOUBLE THE INTEREST OF THOSE WHO WORK THROUGH US IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF AFRICA. THE NEGRO RACE HAS ALWAYS BEEN OUR PROMINENT AND PECULIAR CHARGE. THAT THE PEOPLE OF THIS DISTRICT HAVE BEEN DEGRADED MORE BY THE SLAVE TRADE THAN BY THEIR NATIVE HEATHENISM, MAKES THEIR CLAIM ON US THE LESS POSSIBLE TO RESIST. AND THE FACT THAT THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT AMONG THE STUDENTS IN OUR SOUTHERN COLLEGES WILL SOON DEMAND ROOM IN WHICH TO EXPEND ITSELF IN SELF-DENYING LABOR, FORBIDS THAT WE SHOULD REFUSE SUCH AN OFFER WITHOUT CAREFUL AND PRAYERFUL consideration. WE, THEREFORE, ADVISE THAT AN APPEAL BE MADE FOR $35,000, WHICH, WITH THE $15,000 OFFERED BY MR. ARTHINGTON, WILL AMOUNT TO $50,000, AS A FUND FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MISSION IN THE NILE BASIN, TO BE CALLED “THE ARTHINGTON MISSION,” IN REMEMBRANCE OF THE BENEFICENT DONOR, WHO, UNDER GOD, HAS BY HIS LIBERALITY ALREADY MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR the great missionary societies to establish Central African missions. THE COMMITTEE HOPE THAT THE LORD MAY INCLINE SOME ONE OR MORE OF THE FRIENDS OF AFRICAN MISSIONS, WHOM HE HAS BLESSED WITH WEALTH, TO PUT INTO OUR HANDS THE LARGER PART OF THE SUM REQUIRED FOR THIS UNDERTAKING, AND THAT THE ASSOCIATION MAY RECEIVE, SAY $30,000, FROM ONE, TWO OR THREE CONTRIBUTORS, WHICH WILL STILL LEAVE ROOM FOR THE MANY who may desire by smaller gifts to have a part in the enterprise. WE FURTHER SUGGEST THAT A FORCE OF NOT LESS THAN TEN MISSIONARIES WOULD BE REQUIRED TO ENTER UPON THIS WORK; THAT OF THIS NUMBER, EIGHT SHOULD, IF POSSIBLE, BE OF AFRICAN DESCENT, AND THAT CORRESPONDENCE SHOULD BE ENTERED INTO WITH A VIEW TO THEIR WISE SELECTION AT SUCH TIME AS SUFFICIENT FUNDS SHALL BE SUBSCRIBED TO WARRANT A BEGINNING OF THE UNDERTAKING. ALSO, that estimates be obtained respecting the dimensions and cost of a suitable steamer to serve the purposes of the mission. WE RECOMMEND FURTHER THAT THIS REPORT BE PRINTED IN THE APRIL NUMBER OF THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY, AND THUS SUBMITTED TO THE PRAYERFUL CONSIDERATION OF THE FRIENDS OF THE AFRICAN RACE, AND THAT THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AWAIT THEIR DECISION AS IT SHALL BE INDICATED IN THEIR RESPONSE, TRUSTING IN IT TO READ THE FULL DISCLOSURE OF THE MASTER’S WILL, AND PURPOSING TO BE wholly guided thereby. GEO. M. BOYNTON, M. E. STRIEBY, ADDISON P. FOSTER, G. D. PIKE, JOHN H. WASHBURN, H. W. HUBBARD. CLINTON B. FISK, FINANCIAL. THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION IS PRACTICALLY OUT OF DEBT, BUT NOT OUT OF DANGER. IF RECEIPTS FOR CURRENT EXPENSES ARE NOT KEPT UP, A NEW DEBT IS INEVITABLE. THE RECEIPTS FOR FEBRUARY AND UP TO MARCH 14TH (THE DATE OF GOING TO PRESS), ARE $7,233 LESS THAN FOR THE CORRESPONDING MONTHS OF LAST YEAR. THIS FALLING OFF MAY BE PARTLY DUE TO THE EFFORT MADE TO PAY our DEBT AND THAT OF THE HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY, AND PARTLY TO THE UNCONSCIOUS FEELING THAT WITH THE DEBT PAID LITTLE ELSE IS NEEDED. BUT OUR WORK AND WORKERS ARE ON OUR HANDS. OUR OFFICE EXPENSES ARE BROUGHT DOWN TO THE MOST ECONOMICAL FIGURES, AND OUR EXPENDITURES IN THE FIELD ARE MOST RIGIDLY CONFINED TO THE APPROPRIATIONS. IF THE RECEIPTS OF THIS FISCAL YEAR ARE BROUGHT UP TO THOSE OF LAST—THE BASIS OF THE APPROPRIATIONS—THE WORK WILL BE CARRIED THROUGH successfully and without debt. WE EARNESTLY ENTREAT OUR FRIENDS TO GRANT US THAT DESIRED RESULT. WE CANNOT OURSELVES AVERT THE CALAMITY OF DEBT, FOR IF WE SHOULD RECALL EVERY LABORER, AND CLOSE EVERY SCHOOL AND CHURCH, WE SHOULD STILL OWE THE SALARIES AND RETURN TRAVELING EXPENSES, SO THAT THE SAVING WOULD BE VERY LITTLE. WE ASK, THEREFORE, A GENEROUS AND STEADY SUPPORT FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR. PASTORS CAN BE OUR GREATEST HELPERS. THEY CAN SEE TO IT THAT OUR COLLECTIONS ARE NOT FORGOTTEN. IF OUR CAUSE IS ON THE LIST, THEY CAN SECURE THE COLLECTION AT THE REGULAR TIME. IF IT IS NOT, AND WE HAVE RECEIVED NO CONTRIBUTION FOR A YEAR OR TWO PAST, THE PASTOR IS ENTREATED TO CONSIDER IF OUR WORK IS NOT WORTHY OF SUPPORT, AND TO PRESENT IT TO HIS PEOPLE. EVEN IF THE OFFERING SHOULD BE SMALL, IT WOULD BE GLADLY RECEIVED. INDIVIDUAL DONORS ARE ALSO ASKED TO AID US IN THIS ENDEAVOR. OUR experience in the last two years gives us hope that this, our appeal, will not be in vain. PROGRESS—ENCOURAGEMENT. THE WORK IN THE SOUTHERN STATES MOVES SLOWLY; THERE ARE MANY HINDRANCES, AND WE ARE SOMETIMES DISCOURAGED. BUT then, again, a way-mark is reached showing such progress as to rebuke unbelief. We point to one such. WILL THE READER PICTURE TO HIMSELF THE EARLY TOILS AND TRIALS OF REV. JOHN G. FEE IN KENTUCKY. THE SON OF A SLAVEHOLDER, HE BEGAN TO PREACH AN ANTI-SLAVERY GOSPEL, AND ORGANIZED A CHURCH EXCLUDING SLAVEHOLDERS. IN 1855 HE WAS MOBBED; AGAIN IN 1858; AND IN 1859 A MEETING WAS ASSEMBLED IN RICHMOND, THE COUNTY SEAT OF MADISON COUNTY, WHICH SENT A COMMITTEE TO BEREA TO WARN MR. FEE’S ASSOCIATES (HE WAS THEN IN THE NORTH) TO LEAVE IN TEN DAYS. THE WARNING WAS given with such quiet emphasis that it had to be obeyed. Thirty-six persons were banished from the State. THE CHANGE IN TWENTY YEARS IS INDICATED IN THE FOLLOWING EXTRACT FROM THE Kentucky Register OF FEBRUARY 21, 1879, PUBLISHED IN THAT SAME TOWN OF RICHMOND, KY. IT CAN BE SEEN, TOO, IN THE PROSPERITY OF BEREA COLLEGE, WITH ITS 273 pupils, one-half of them white: [101] “REV. JOHN G. FEE AT THE COURT-HOUSE.—PROBABLY NO MAN IN MADISON COUNTY IN PAST YEARS HAS BEEN TALKED ABOUT AS MUCH AS REV. JOHN G. FEE, THE FOUNDER OF THE TOWN AND COLLEGE OF BEREA. HE HAS BEEN A RESIDENT OF THE COUNTY FOR MORE THAN TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, HAS BEEN A PREACHER OF THE GOSPEL, AND, YET STRANGE TO SAY, NEVER UNTIL LAST SUNDAY PREACHED A SERMON IN THIS PLACE. ON THE DAY NAMED, HE OCCUPIED BY INVITATION THE PULPIT OF DR. T. H. CLELLAND AT THE COURT-HOUSE. OWING TO THE FACT THAT NO GENERAL NOTICE OF MR. FEE’S INTENTION TO SPEAK HAD BEEN GIVEN, HIS AUDIENCE WAS VERY SMALL; OTHERWISE THE COURT-HOUSE WOULD HAVE BEEN FILLED TO ITS UTMOST CAPACITY. MR. FEE IS A FORCIBLE AND PLEASANT SPEAKER, AGREEABLE IN HIS MANNER, AND IMPRESSES HIS BEARERS THAT HE IS IN EARNEST, HONEST IN HIS convictions, and conscientiously seeks the advancement and well-being of his fellow-men. “AS HE STOOD BEFORE HIS AUDIENCE, A MESSENGER FOR CHRIST, AND PREACHED THE WORDS OF THE MASTER, ONE COULD BUT RECALL THE TRYING YEARS OF THE PAST, WHEN THE SPEAKER FEARLESSLY COMBATED A RACE PREJUDICE AND BATTLED FOR THE FREEDOM OF A PEOPLE WHO SEEMED HOPELESSLY ENSLAVED; WHEN HE STOOD ALONE IN HIS ADVOCACY OF NEGRO LIBERTY, AND IN HIS MILD AND GENTLE WAY, SOUGHT TO CONVINCE HIS NEIGHBORS THAT HUMAN SLAVERY WAS WRONG AND CONDEMNED BY GOD; WHEN HIS ENEMIES PERSECUTED HIM, AND THE PEOPLE AMONG WHOM HE LIVED SOUGHT TO PULL HIM DOWN, AND EVEN THREATENED TO TAKE HIS LIFE—ONE COULD BUT RECALL THESE STORMY DAYS OF HATE AND SECTIONAL PREJUDICE, AND AT THE SAME TIME REMEMBER THAT WHEN THE WAR CAME AND MR. FEE’S PARTY WAS IN THE ASCENDANT, HE HAD NO MAN PUNISHED; HE SOUGHT TO AVENGE NO PERSONAL GRIEVANCE, BUT WENT ON WITH HIS LIFE-WORK IN HIS QUIET, UNOBTRUSIVE WAY, FORGETTING HIS ENEMIES or only remembering them to forgive them.” WE PRINT IN THIS NUMBER THE FIRST OF A SERIES OF FIVE ARTICLES, FROM THE PEN OF DIST. SEC. WOODWORTH, ON THE GENERAL TOPIC, “CONGREGATIONALISM IN THE SOUTH.” THEY WILL GIVE AN OUTLINE OF ITS HISTORY, AND HINTS AS TO ITS RESPONSIBILITY AND OPPORTUNITY. WHILE IT WILL NOT BE, AS IT HAS NOT BEEN, THE SOLE OBJECT OF THE ASSOCIATION TO EXTEND THE FORM OF CHURCH POLITY, TO WHICH MOST OF THE CHURCHES WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO IT ARE ATTACHED, BUT RATHER TO LABOR FOR THE INTELLIGENT CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE PEOPLE WHO MOST NEED IT, WE ARE DISPOSED TO THINK THAT THERE WILL BE FOUND A GREATER AFFINITY BETWEEN THE SOUTHERN PEOPLE AND THE CONGREGATIONAL WAY THAN MANY HAVE SUPPOSED. WE DO NOT ENDORSE ALL THE UTTERANCES ON THE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THE TWO WHICH WERE MADE AT THE LAST ANNUAL MEETING, AND ARE GLAD TO HAVE SO careful a survey of the whole subject as these articles will furnish. CONGREGATIONALISM IN THE SOUTH. 1. Before the War. DIST. SEC. C. L. WOODWORTH, BOSTON. FEW ARE AWARE, PERHAPS, THAT UP TO 1861 CONGREGATIONALISM HAD BUT TWO CHURCHES SOUTH OF MASON AND DIXON’S LINE; AND THESE WERE NOT INDIGENOUS TO THE SOIL, BUT THE TRANSPLANTED GROWTHS OF OTHER LANDS. THE FIRST WAS THE OLD CIRCULAR CHURCH OF CHARLESTON, S.C., ORGANIZED IN 1690, OF IRISH AND SCOTCH PRESBYTERIANS, OF CONGREGATIONALISTS FROM THE North, and of Huguenots from the persecutions in France. THE SECOND WAS THE MIDWAY CHURCH, IN LIBERTY COUNTY, GEORGIA, WHICH WAS FORMED IN 1695, AS A COLONY FROM THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF DORCHESTER, MASS. IT FIRST PLANTED ITSELF ON THE ASHLEY RIVER IN SOUTH CAROLINA, AT A PLACE WHICH IS CALLED DORCHESTER; BUT IN 1752, THE COLONY HAVING GROWN TO MORE THAN FIVE HUNDRED SOULS, EMIGRATED BODILY INTO GEORGIA, TRANSPLANTING THE CHURCH INTO THAT NEW COUNTRY. AMONG THE EMINENT MEN ON ITS ROLL OF PREACHERS WAS THE FATHER of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. BOTH THESE CHURCHES HAVE A VERY DISTINCT AND STRIKING HISTORY. BOTH SENT OUT HUNDREDS OF MOST INTELLIGENT AND WORTHY MEMBERS, WHO ADORNED ALL THE WALKS OF LIFE—TEACHERS, PREACHERS, PROFESSORS, LAWYERS, JUDGES, GOVERNORS, SENATORS— BUT NEITHER OF THEM EVER PROPAGATED ITSELF. BOTH WERE MINISTERED TO FOR YEARS BY MEN OF OTHER DENOMINATIONS, THOUGH NONE VENTURED TO TAMPER WITH THEIR POLITY. IT IS A SINGULAR ILLUSTRATION OF THE TOUGHNESS AND VIGOR OF THE CONGREGATIONAL LIFE, and of the uncongenial soil in which it was planted. THE TWO CHURCHES HELD ON THEIR WAY WITH NO SIGNS OF AGE OR WEAKNESS UNTIL THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR. THE OLD CIRCULAR CHURCH UNFORTUNATELY LOST ITS MEETING-HOUSE IN THE GREAT FIRE DURING THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. IT WAS ALSO WEAKENED BY DEATHS AND EMIGRATIONS, AS WELL AS BY THE WITHDRAWAL OF MOST OF THE COLORED MEMBERSHIP TO FORM THE NEW PLYMOUTH Church of Charleston. Notwithstanding all this the white membership have bravely held together, have built themselves a SMALL CHAPEL, AND UNTIL RECENTLY HAVE BEEN MINISTERED TO BY REV. WILLIAM ADAMS, SON OF THE LATE DR. NEHEMIAH ADAMS, of Boston. THE MIDWAY CHURCH IN THE SAME WAY SPLIT ON THE COLOR LINE, BUT NOT TO FORM TWO CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES. THE WHITE PART OF IT AT THE CLOSE OF THE WAR SURRENDERED THE POLITY TO WHICH THEY HAD CLUNG WITH HEROIC TENACITY FOR MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY YEARS, AND WENT OVER IN A BODY TO THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH SOUTH. NOT SO THE LARGER PART OF THE COLORED MEMBERSHIP. THEY KNEW NOTHING BUT CONGREGATIONALISM, AND THEY REFUSED TO ACCEPT ANYTHING IN ITS STEAD. THE RESULT WAS THAT THEY WERE FORMED INTO THE NEW CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF MIDWAY. THEY HAVE BUILT A NEW MEETING- HOUSE, AND ARE SHOWING MARVELOUS ENERGY IN MAINTAINING THEIR INSTITUTIONS AND WORKING TOWARDS SELF-SUPPORT. IT IS MATTER OF INTEREST THAT MANY OF THESE COLORED CONGREGATIONALISTS OF OLD MIDWAY WERE SCATTERED DURING AND SINCE THE WAR INTO [102] [103] the towns and counties around, and have formed the seed out of which six or seven other Congregational churches have SPRUNG. RIGHT HERE, THEN, THESE TWO FACTS CONFRONT US: THE one, THAT OUR POLITY, FOR SOME REASON, STOPPED SHORT AT THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN FREEDOM AND SLAVERY. THE other, THAT, HAVING passed THAT BOUNDARY, IT SEEMED TO HAVE NO POWER TO PROPAGATE ITSELF, EITHER BY SENDING OUT COLONIES OR BY ORGANIZING NEW CONVERTS ON THE GROUND. IT IS CERTAINLY A STRANGE ANOMALY IN CHURCH EXTENSION, AND WE LEAVE EACH ONE TO ANSWER FOR HIMSELF WHETHER IT WAS SOME INSTINCT IN CONGREGATIONALISM WHICH HELD IT NORTH OF THE LATITUDE OF SLAVERY, OR WHETHER THE OVERRULING POWER, WHICH GAVE IT ITS mission in America, turned it back until it could go with an open Bible, free speech, and its democratic equalities. ITEMS FROM THE FIELD. ORANGEBURG, S.C.—LAST MONTH WE PRINTED A VERY SHORT PLEA FOR A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE CHURCH. WE EXPRESS HERE OUR THANKS TO MR. S. T. GORDON, OF NEW YORK, WHO SENT US WORD A FEW DAYS AGO THAT AN ORGAN WAS AT OUR DISPOSAL FOR this use. Such ready responses are full of encouragement. ATLANTA, GA.—“A GOOD DEGREE OF RELIGIOUS INTEREST STILL PREVAILS IN ATLANTA UNIVERSITY. ON THE FIRST SUNDAY OF MARCH, FOUR PERSONS UNITED WITH THE CHURCH BY PROFESSION OF FAITH, AND A NUMBER OF OTHERS PROPOSE TO DO SO AT AN EARLY DAY. AN equal number of those converted here will join churches at their homes.” OGEECHEE, OR NO. 1 MILLER STATION, GA.—THE STATION CALLED “OGEECHEE” IN OUR PRINTED LIST IN FEB. MAGAZINE, SHOULD BE No. 1 Miller Station, Chatham Co., Ga. MISS E.W. DOUGLASS, FORMERLY AT MCLEANSVILLE, N.C., HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED TO THIS FIELD, AND FINDS AMPLE OPPORTUNITY FOR MISSIONARY LABOR. FRIENDS COMMUNICATING WITH HER, OR WITH REV. John. R. McLean, pastor of the church, will please note the correct P.O. address. TALLADEGA, ALA.—“A PRECIOUS WORK OF GRACE. EIGHTEEN HOPEFUL CONVERSIONS, AND MANY MORE ALMOST PERSUADED. THE MEETING WE HAVE JUST COME FROM HAS BEEN SELDOM PARALLELED IN OUR EXPERIENCE. MANY SEEM TO BE DISCOVERING THAT THERE IS LIFE FOR A LOOK AT THE CRUCIFIED ONE. ‘PRAY, WATCH, WORK,’ HAS BEEN OUR MOTTO FOR SOME TIME PAST, AND THESE ARE THE blessed results. Will our dear A. M. A. pray for this part of its Israel?” MONTGOMERY, ALA.—THE SWAYNE SCHOOL HAS RECEIVED A VALUABLE BOX FOR ITS “TEACHERS’ HOME” FROM THE LADIES OF THE church at Lyonsville, Ill. It contained a rag carpet, comfortables, bed and table linen, etc. ANNISTON, ALA.—March 2d, six were received into this church on profession of their faith. Two infants were baptized. ATHENS, ALA.—“THERE IS GREAT ZEAL IN STUDY, ESPECIALLY IN BIBLE STUDY. THIS HAS GREATLY STRENGTHENED OUR HEARTS, FOR WE KNOW ‘THE ENTRANCE OF THY WORD GIVETH LIGHT,’ AND WE ARE ENCOURAGED TO HOPE FOR THE SPEEDY CONVERSION OF SEVERAL young men who have publicly asked the prayers of Christians.” TOUGALOO, MISS.—“STUDENTS ARE MANIFESTING MORE THAN USUAL INTEREST IN STUDY AND GENERAL IMPROVEMENT. WE DO HOPE WE CAN BE ALLOWED TO PUT FENCES AROUND THE PLACE; WE ARE LOSING SO MUCH EVERY YEAR BY HAVING THE FARM ALL OPEN TO THE public. We can make it a source of income when properly fenced and stocked.” NEW IBERIA, LA.—THE SOUTH-WESTERN CONFERENCE OF CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES WILL MEET AT ST. PAUL’S CHURCH, NEW Iberia, April 2d. BEREA, KY.—AN ENCOURAGING RELIGIOUS INTEREST IS REPORTED. FIVE YOUNG MEN OF EXCELLENT PROMISE HAVE, WITHIN A WEEK, CONFESSED CHRIST. THIS HAS BEEN UNDER THE REGULAR MINISTRATION, WITHOUT HELP FROM ABROAD. MOST OF THE PRAYER-MEETINGS are well attended. The community is very harmonious. MEMPHIS, TENN.—THE SCHOOL NEVER WAS IN A MORE FLOURISHING CONDITION THAN NOW, AND THE FUTURE HAS NEVER BEFORE seemed so full of promise. GENERAL NOTES. The Freedmen. —There are probably a million and a half of church members among the colored population of the Southern States. —EX-GOVERNOR BROWN, OF GEORGIA, EXPRESSES HIMSELF AS FOLLOWS IN REGARD TO THE POSITION AND CLAIMS OF THE FREEDMEN: “I THINK I SPEAK THE SENTIMENTS OF A VAST MAJORITY OF OUR PEOPLE, THAT IT IS OUR INTEREST TO MAKE OF THE COLORED RACE THE VERY BEST CITIZENS WE CAN. TO DO THIS IT IS NECESSARY TO EDUCATE THEM AS FAR AS OUR MEANS WILL ALLOW, AND TO LIFT THEM FROM THE IGNORANCE IN WHICH THEY WERE FOUND AT THE TIME OF THEIR FREEDOM TO A MUCH HIGHER GRADE OF INTELLIGENCE. THEY CAN never be good citizens and exercise intelligently the rights of freemen till they have these advantages.” —WE REGRET TO SEE THAT THE YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, OF WASHINGTON, D. C., BY THE REV. O. C. MORSE, ITS SECRETARY, FEARED TO HAVE A FEW COLORED SUNDAY-SCHOOL TEACHERS MINGLE WITH WHITE PERSONS ENGAGED IN SIMILAR WORK, WITHDREW INVITATIONS GIVEN, AND AT FIRST REFUSED ADMISSION TO THE THREE OR FOUR WHO CAME WITH CARDS OF INVITATION, THOUGH THEY WERE AFTERWARDS ALLOWED TO ENTER. MEANWHILE SENATOR BRUCE WAS OCCUPYING WITH DIGNITY THE CHAIR OF THE SENATE OF the United States. [104] [105] Africa. —THE KHEDIVE OF EGYPT, AT THE CLOSE OF 1877, APPOINTED CAPTAIN GEORGE MALCOLM (PASHA) FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF THE SLAVE TRADE IN THE RED SEA. AS LATE AS JUNE 1878, HE REPORTED THAT HE COULD ACCOMPLISH NOTHING, AS THE TRADE WAS effectually protected by the Turkish flag. —MR. MAPLES, OF THE UNIVERSITIES MISSION, WRITES FROM MASASI, EAST AFRICA, THAT, OWING TO THE ENERGY OF DR. KIRK AND SEYID BORGHASH, THE WHOLESALE SLAVE TRADE AT ZANZIBAR, AND UP AND DOWN THE COAST FOR HUNDREDS OF MILES, IS ALMOST ENTIRELY STOPPED; BUT THAT THEY ARE STILL SMUGGLED INTO DHOWS BY TWOS AND THREES SO CLOTHED AND DISGUISED AS NOT TO AWAKEN SUSPICION; THAT IN THE INTERIOR, SLAVE CARAVANS MAKE THEIR WAY FROM THE NYASSA REGION TO THE COAST AS FAR NORTH AS SOMALI, AND SOUTH TO AND BEYOND LINDI. HE SAYS: “I SHOULD SCARCELY BE BELIEVED WERE I TO TELL YOU HOW GREAT IS THE deterrent effect upon the slave trade in these parts of a solitary mannered Englishman dwelling among the people.” —MR. PENROSE, OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, WITH ALL HIS CAMP FOLLOWERS, HAS BEEN KILLED IN THE COUNTRY OF THE Unyamwesi. —MR. MACKEY, OF THE C. M. S., ARRIVED LAST JULY WITH THE CARAVAN AT KAGEI, ON THE VICTORIA NYANZA. (SEE MAP.) HE VISITED LUKONGE AT UKEREWE, IN REGARD TO THE MURDER OF MR. O’NEILL AND LIEUTENANT SMITH; HEARD THE EXPLANATIONS GIVEN, AND DEMANDED THE NOTE-BOOKS AND PISTOLS OF HIS FRIENDS, AS AN EVIDENCE OF REGRET AND A PLEDGE OF FRIENDSHIP. These were not given up to him, and he, therefore, declined to have further relations with that people. —MR. WILSON WRITES OF THE HEALTHINESS OF THE UGANDA COUNTRY, AND THINKS THAT MISSIONARIES’ WIVES MAY SAFELY accompany them thither. —There are large deposits of kaolin, or china clay, near Mtesa’s capital, and abundance of nutmeg trees. —COL. GORDON HAS ADVISED THE C. M. S. TO ESTABLISH A MISSION ON THE WEST SHORE OF THE ALBERT NYANZA, WHICH HE REPRESENTS TO BE A HEALTHY LOCATION, FREE FROM FOREIGN INFLUENCE, AND SUBSTANTIALLY UNDER PROTECTION OF THE EGYPTIAN Government. —REV. J. B. THOMSON, OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY AT UJIJI, ON LAKE TANGANIKA, DIED AT HIS POST JANUARY 20TH. IT is a great loss to this new mission. The Directors ask, “Who now will be baptized for the dead?” —THE ENGLISH BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY WILL OCCUPY SAN SALVADOR, 50 MILES FROM THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA AND SOUTH OF THE CONGO, AS THE HEAD-QUARTERS OF THEIR WORK, WITH A STATION AT MAKUTA. MR. COMBER RETURNED TO ENGLAND AFTER A tour of observation, and hopes to return this month with two associates. —MR. STANLEY STRONGLY ADVOCATES THE CONSTRUCTION OF A RAILWAY, WHICH WOULD BE ABOUT 500 MILES IN LENGTH, FROM A POINT ON THE EAST COAST TO THE SOUTHERN END OF THE VICTORIA NYANZA. ANOTHER RAILWAY 150 MILES LONG WOULD BRING US TO LAKE TANGANIKA, WHICH HAS A WATER-WAY OF ABOUT 330 MILES, AND ANOTHER 200 MILES LONG TO LAKE NYASSA, WHICH GIVES MANY HUNDRED MILES OF WATER-WAY. A FOURTH SHORT RAILWAY WOULD LEAD TO THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE SHIRE AND THE ZAMBESI, WHICH FLOW INTO THE SEA. THESE LINK-LINES OF RAILWAY WOULD OPEN UP ABOUT 1,300 MILES OF SPLENDID NAVIGABLE WATER. CONNECT THESE LINES ALSO WITH THE SOURCES OF THE CONGO OR LIVINGSTONE RIVER, AND A CHAIN OF TRADING POSTS IS POSSIBLE ACROSS THE CONTINENT TO THE WEST COAST. THE VALUE OF THIS NEW MARKET TO ENGLISH AND AMERICAN MERCHANDISE WOULD THUS be immense, and the speedy downfall of the slave trade be made sure. —The Wesleyan (English) Missionary Notices PUBLISHES AN ACCOUNT OF A RECENT VISIT BY TWO OF THEIR MISSIONARIES INTO the interior, seventy miles west from Sierra Leone. They found a healthier country, though only 210 feet above sea level, AND A COOLER CLIMATE. FRUIT IS GROWN, COTTON SPUN, AND IRON IMPLEMENTS MADE. THE VILLAGES WERE INCREASING IN SIZE, AND ARE NOW AT PEACE. SLAVERY AND POLYGAMY EXIST AMONG THEM. THE COUNTRY IS OPEN TO MISSIONARY EFFORT, AND MR. Huddleston is speedily to be located at Fouracaria, in the Limba country. —THE FOLLOWING EXTRACT IS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AS RELATING TO THE REGION PROPOSED TO US FOR MISSIONARY WORK BY MR. Arthington: AFRICAN RESEARCH, IN ITS RELATION TO COMMERCE MERELY, IS BEING TAKEN UP WITH ENERGY IN THE THREE PRINCIPAL EMPORIUMS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN—GENOA, MARSEILLES AND TRIESTE. THE EXPERIENCED AFRICAN TRAVELLER, DR. MATTENCI, HAS STARTED FROM GENOA AT THE HEAD OF AN EXPEDITION FITTED OUT AT THE CHARGE OF A NUMBER OF ITALIAN MERCHANTS. HE GOES THROUGH THE SUEZ CANAL TO SUATIN AND MATAMMA, IN THE SOUTHWEST OF ABYSSINIA, AND WILL PENETRATE, IF TIME AND CIRCUMSTANCES PERMIT, INTO THE GALLA LANDS. ALMOST AT THE SAME DATE AN AUSTRIAN EXPEDITION LEAVES TRIESTE, UNDER CHARGE OF TWO MARINE OFFICERS, Pletsch and Pizzighelli. They propose to remain for above a whole year in Shoa, in order to make an exhaustive study of ITS CAPACITY FOR EXPORT AND IMPORT TRADING, AND TO RETURN A COMPLETE REPORT TO A NUMBER OF EMINENT AUSTRIAN MERCANTILE FIRMS. FROM MARSEILLES, LASTLY, SEVERAL REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCIAL HOUSES IN SOUTH-WESTERN EUROPE HAVE BEEN despatched to the Red Sea, Shoa, and Abyssinia, with similar instructions.—African Times. —THE VATICAN HAS ENTRUSTED TO THE ALGERIAN ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSION THE CREATION OF TWO STATIONS IN CENTRAL AFRICA— one on Lake Tanganika, the other on Lakes Victoria and Albert Nyanza. The Indians. —THE HOUSE COMMITTEE REPORTED AGAINST THE SEVERAL BILLS TO ESTABLISH TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. THE conclusions of the Committee are as follows: [106] First—That the bill (Oklahoma) under consideration conflicts with existing treaty stipulations. Second—THAT TO DECIDE THAT A TREATY IS NO LONGER BINDING REQUIRES FOR ITS JUSTIFICATION REASONS WHICH COMMEND THEMSELVES TO THE PRINCIPLES OF EQUITY AND GOOD CONSCIENCE, PARTICULARLY WHERE THE PARTIES TO THE COMPACT WITH THE United States are weak and powerless and depend solely on the good faith of the Government. Third—THAT NO SUCH REASONS EXIST FOR VIOLATING THE TREATY STIPULATIONS WHICH RESERVE THE INDIAN TERRITORY EXCLUSIVELY FOR INDIANS, AND WHICH SECURE TO THE CHEROKEES, CHICKASAWS, CHOCTAWS, CREEKS AND SEMINOLES, THE RIGHT OF SELF- government, under the restrictions of the Constitution of the United States. Fourth—THAT EVEN IF THERE WERE NO OPPOSING TREATY STIPULATIONS, NO OBJECTIONS RESTING ON GOOD FAITH, IT WOULD BE unwise and impolitic to throw the Indian Territory open to white settlers without the consent of the Indian owners. Fifth—THAT WHILE OFFICIAL RECOMMENDATIONS—SOME OF THEM ENTITLED TO THE HIGHEST RESPECT—ARE STRONGLY IN FAVOR OF MAKING INDIANS CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES, AND TRANSFERRING THEIR LAND TITLES FROM THE NATIONAL TENURE IN COMMON TO THE INDIVIDUAL TENURE IN SEVERALTY, EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN THAT IN THE GREAT MAJORITY OF CASES SUCH MEASURES, INSTEAD OF benefiting, have proved injurious to the Indian. Sixth—THAT EXPERIENCE FULLY DEMONSTRATES THAT THE HOLDING OF THEIR LANDS IN COMMON BY THE INDIAN TRIBES IS AN EFFECTUAL SAFEGUARD AGAINST THE WORST EFFECTS OF INDIAN IMPROVIDENCE. APART FROM ANY CONSIDERATIONS OF JUSTICE OR HUMANITY, IT WOULD BE UNWISE AND UNSTATESMANLIKE TO ADOPT MEASURES WHICH, BY DESTROYING THAT SAFEGUARD, WOULD BE CALCULATED TO REDUCE THE GREAT MASS OF THEM, IN OPPOSITION TO THEIR OWN EARNEST PROTESTS, TO A STATE OF HOPELESS PENURY AND degradation. The report is signed by Messrs. Neal, Riddle, Muldrow, Aldrich, Reed, Bagley and James T. Jones of the committee. —WHEN GEN. HOWARD WENT ALONE, AS IT WERE, AND UNARMED AMONG THE HOSTILE AND FEROCIOUS CHIRICAHUAS, AND BOLDLY FACED THEIR HEAD CHIEF COCHISE, HE SHOWED THEM A MORAL POWER WHICH THEY HAD NEVER SEEN BEFORE, AND SO PRODUCED A DEEP IMPRESSION OF RESPECT FOR THE SUPERIORITY OF WHITE MEN THAT HAS PROBABLY DONE MORE THAN ANY BRUTE FORCE COULD HAVE EFFECTED TOWARDS THE PACIFICATION OF THE TRIBE. THE TREATY THEN MADE WAS, AND IS STILL, SACREDLY RESPECTED BY TAZA, THE SON AND SUCCESSOR OF COCHISE, AND BY ALL THE APACHES, EXCEPT, PERHAPS, FIFTY HOSTILES, WHO STILL PROWL ON THE Mexican border. The Chinese. —LAST MONTH WE RECORDED THE FAILURE OF THE PROPOSAL TO TRANSFER THE INDIANS TO THE WAR DEPARTMENT. THIS MONTH, WITH EQUAL PLEASURE, WE NOTE THE FAILURE OF THE BILL VIRTUALLY TO PROHIBIT CHINESE IMMIGRATION. AFTER PASSING BOTH HOUSE AND SENATE, IT WAS VETOED BY THE PRESIDENT, AND ON THE MOTION TO PASS IT OVER THE VETO, WAS DEFEATED, HAVING EVIDENTLY LOST ground in the intervening days. —AMONG THE MANY MEMORIALS ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT ON THIS SUBJECT, THE FOLLOWING WAS SENT BY OUR EXECUTIVE Committee: To the President of the United States: SIR: The Executive Committee of the American Missionary Association respectfully but most earnestly ASK THAT THE EXECUTIVE VETO BE AFFIXED TO THE BILL PASSED BY CONGRESS AFFECTING THE RELATIONS OF THIS COUNTRY WITH CHINA. WE REGARD THAT BILL AS A SURRENDER TO CASTE PREJUDICE, AN INJURY TO THIS COUNTRY, A WRONG TO CHINA, AND A VIOLATION OF TREATY STIPULATIONS, OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DECLARATION of Independence, and of the law of God. Signed by vote of the Committee, CHARLES L. MEAD, JOHN H. WASHBURN, February 21, 1879. M. E. STRIEBY. [107] THE FREEDMEN. REV. JOS. E. ROY, D. D., FIELD SUPERINTENDENT, ATLANTA, GA. SUNDAY-SCHOOLS FOR THE FREEDMEN. THE INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY-SCHOOL CONVENTION AT ATLANTA, UPON THE MOTION OF REV. JOSHUA KNOWLES, OF GEORGIA, PASSED this resolution: “THAT THE PRESENT MENTAL AND MORAL CONDITION OF THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THIS COUNTRY, ESPECIALLY THEIR LACK OF PROPER AND ADEQUATE INSTRUCTION, IS CALCULATED TO ENLIST OUR SYMPATHY, AND CALL FORTH OUR EARNEST PRAYERS AND ENDEAVORS IN THEIR behalf.” AT THE REQUEST OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, REV. W. S. PLUMER, D. D., OF SOUTH CAROLINA, SPOKE UPON THIS RESOLUTION. THE VENERATED MAN, CUTTING DOWN THE TANGLE ABOUT THE ENTRANCE TO THE SUBJECT, SHOWED THAT THE PROPHETIC CURSE UTTERED BY NOAH DID NOT APPLY TO THE AFRICAN RACE, BUT ONLY TO THE CANAANITES, A SINGLE BRANCH OF THE FAMILY OF HAM. HE SPOKE OF THE ETHIOPIAN EUNUCH AS ONE OF THE FIRST TROPHIES OF THE GOSPEL OUT OF THE JEWISH NATION. AFRICA NOW SAYS TO US WHEN WE PUT THE QUESTION: “UNDERSTANDEST THOU WHAT THOU READEST?” “HOW CAN I, EXCEPT SOME ONE GUIDE ME?” AND THAT IS WHAT THESE PEOPLE ARE LOOKING TO US FOR TO-DAY. NOW A GREAT WORK IS TO BE DONE FOR THESE PEOPLE, AND IT IS TO BE DONE JUST AS IT IS TO BE DONE FOR WHITE FOLKS. WE MUST DO THIS IN SELF-DEFENSE. IT IS NOT POSSIBLE THAT THIS GREAT MASS OF UNEDUCATED MIND CAN BE AMONG US WITHOUT IN THE END DOING GREAT MISCHIEF. IN 1825, DR. JOHN H. RICE PREDICTED THAT IF THIS COUNTRY WAS EVER DESOLATED, IT WOULD BE BY SOME CRISP-HAIRED PROPHET, ARISING AND CLAIMING INSPIRATION FROM HEAVEN, HOLDING HIMSELF READY TO LEAD ON THESE PEOPLE TO DAMAGE AND MISCHIEF OF EVERY SORT. HE HAD KNOWN FOR SIXTY YEARS THAT COLORED CHILDREN COULD LEARN BY ROTE AS WELL AS WHITE CHILDREN; HE HAD SOMETIMES THOUGHT BETTER. AND HERE IS ENCOURAGEMENT. HE HAD WRITTEN A MEMOIR OF A CHRISTIAN NEGRO, MONROE. HIS OWN LIFE HAD BEEN SAVED BY A NEGRO, WHEN, AS A BOY, HE WAS CAPSIZED IN THE OHIO. “BE KINDLY AFFECTIONED TOWARD THESE PEOPLE,” SAID THE PATRIARCHAL MAN IN THE SPIRIT OF THE AGED JOHN, “AND GOD WILL PROVIDE FOR THEM A FUTURE OF GREAT HONOR AND USEFULNESS AMONG US. LET US LOVE THEM AND TREAT THEM AS BRETHREN, AND REMEMBER THAT ‘THE BLOOD OF JESUS CHRIST CLEANSETH US FROM ALL SIN’— us, THE BLACK man as well as the white man.” In the printed report of that speech “applause” is counted nine times. AT THAT CONVENTION, IN THE REPORT BY STATES OF SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORK, MARYLAND ANNOUNCED THREE SUNDAY-SCHOOL MISSIONARIES, ONE OF WHOM LABORED AMONG THE COLORED PEOPLE, AND TWO TEACHERS’ ASSOCIATIONS IN BALTIMORE, ONE FOR THE COLORED. “WE WISH IT UNDERSTOOD THAT WE ARE TAKING CARE OF THE COLORED CHILDREN AND GATHERING THEM INTO OUR SCHOOLS.” Virginia reported: “We are earnestly engaged in pushing the WORK AMONG THE COLORED POPULATION.” THE COLORED SUNDAY- SCHOOL ORGANIZED IN 1855, BY STONEWALL JACKSON, WAS STILL ALIVE, SUPERINTENDED BY COL. PRESTON, AND HAVING AS TEACHERS SOME OF THE ABLEST PROFESSORS IN THE UNIVERSITY AT LEXINGTON. EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN THAT THE BEST WAY TO ELEVATE THE COLORED MAN IS TO GIVE HIM WELL-ORDERED AND WELL-TAUGHT SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. FLORIDA SAID: “THE WORK IN COLORED SCHOOLS IS GAINING GROUND, ONE OF THEM HAVING OVER 300 SCHOLARS.” TEXAS REPORTED MANY FLOURISHING COLORED SUNDAY-SCHOOLS, AND was happy to have one of her intelligent Christian colored superintendents in that convention. BESIDES WHAT IS BEING DONE BY THE SEVERAL DENOMINATIONS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE WAY, THE AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION HAS IN THE SOUTH TWELVE OF ITS MISSIONARIES. I MET ONE OF THEM THE OTHER DAY, REV. J. J. STRONG, WHOSE FIELD IS THE STATE OF ALABAMA. IN FIVE YEARS HE HAD ORGANIZED 157 SCHOOLS, OF WHICH 37 WERE COLORED. OF THE 142 SCHOOLS AIDED BY HIM, 58 WERE COLORED. HE FINDS MUCH AID AND COMFORT AT THE HOME OF JUDGE THORNTON, IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STATE. AS HE WAS ABOUT TO START OUT ON FOOT FOR THE TOUR OF THE COUNTY, THE JUDGE SAID: “YOU MUST TAKE MY PONY.” AS THE PONY WAS KNOWN ALL OVER THE COUNTY, HE SERVED AS AN INTRODUCTION FROM THE JUDGE. THIS MISSIONARY IS ONE OF TWO WHO ARE SUSTAINED BY ONE OF THOSE “UNABRIDGED” CHRISTIAN MEN IN THE NORTH. THE OTHER ONE WORKS AMONG THE SWEDES IN WISCONSIN. THE SALARY AND TRAVELING EXPENSES, AND $100 TO BE GIVEN AWAY BY THIS WORKER IN ALABAMA, USES UP $1,100 A YEAR IN THIS excellent work of Christian philanthropy. BESIDES ALL THIS AT THE SOUTH IN THIS LINE, THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION REPORTS FOR THE LAST YEAR 5,894 SUNDAY- SCHOOL SCHOLARS CONNECTED WITH ITS SIXTY-FOUR CHURCHES. THEN THERE IS A VAST AMOUNT OF SUCH WORK DONE EVERY YEAR THAT DOES NOT COME INTO THESE STATISTICS. DURING THE LAST SUMMER VACATION ATLANTA UNIVERSITY SENT OUT 150 DAY-SCHOOL TEACHERS, AND FISK AS MANY MORE, AND ALL OUR INSTITUTIONS FURNISH MORE OR LESS OF THEM. NEARLY ALL OF THESE ALSO RUN FOR THE TIME THEIR OWN SUNDAY-SCHOOLS, THUS REACHING MANY THOUSAND CHILDREN WITH THE TRUTH OF GOD’S WORD. IT IS KNOWN THAT UP TO THIS TIME OUR COLORED TEACHERS HAVE REACHED 100,000 OF THESE DAY SCHOLARS, A MULTITUDE OF WHOM HAVE BEEN TAUGHT IN Sunday-schools. TALLADEGA COLLEGE, THE LAST YEAR, BY ITS STUDENTS, REACHED 1,200 SUNDAY-SCHOOL SCHOLARS. IN THE PAST YEARS THEY HAVE REACHED, IN ALL, 20,000. OUT OF THESE SCHOOLS SIX CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES HAVE GROWN UP. REV. G. W. ANDREWS, THE INSTRUCTOR IN THEOLOGY, HAS BEEN ACCUSTOMED TO TAKE HIS CLASS ON SATURDAY MORNING OVER THE LESSON OF THE NEXT DAY, THUS training them in a normal way as well as in the way of the truth. I HAD THE PLEASURE OF ATTENDING, IN THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY, THE CONVENTION HELD IN NEW ORLEANS FOR ORGANIZING THE STATE SUNDAY-SCHOOL ASSOCIATION FOR LOUISIANA. FLORIDA WAS ORGANIZED THE WEEK AFTER, WHICH LEAVES ONLY THREE STATE ASSOCIATIONS YET TO BE SET UP. AT ATLANTA, THE DELEGATES FROM THE SOUTH REPORTED THEIR PURPOSE TO GO HOME AND ORGANIZE EVERY STATE. AT NEW ORLEANS IT WAS REPORTED THAT LOUISIANA HAD ALREADY 96,000 CHILDREN IN SUNDAY-SCHOOLS, AND THIS IS [108] [109] NEARLY ONE-SEVENTH OF THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF THE STATE. WITH AN ASSOCIATION UNDER THE VIGOROUS ADMINISTRATION OF ITS PRESIDENT, MR. W. R. LYMAN, AND HIS LIVE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, IT IS HOPED THAT ALL THE PARISHES (COUNTIES) OF THE STATE WILL SOON BE ORGANIZED, AND THE WORK GREATLY SET FORWARD. IN THAT CONVENTION, COLORED DELEGATES WERE PRESENT, PARTICIPATING. THE RESOLUTION OF THE ATLANTA CONVENTION QUOTED ABOVE, UPON INTRODUCTION BY THE MAN WHO WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT, WAS UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED. UPON TAKING THE CHAIR, HE ASSURED COLORED PEOPLE OF SYMPATHY AND CO-OPERATION. REV. W. S. ALEXANDER, OUR PRESIDENT AND PASTOR IN NEW ORLEANS, WHO WAS MADE OFFICIALLY PROMINENT IN THE CONVENTION, WAS ALSO PUT ON AS ONE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS AND ONE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE STATE ASSOCIATION. TWO COLORED PASTORS WERE ALSO PUT UPON THAT COMMITTEE. MORE AND MORE THE HEART OF THE GOOD PEOPLE OF the South is turning toward the colored children. VIRGINIA. The Work at Hampton, from a Three Months’ Observation. REV. JOHN H. DENISON “Arbores seret, diligens Agricola, quarum adspiciet baccam ipse nunquam.” A DILIGENT HUSBANDMAN PLANTS TREES, THE FRUIT OF WHICH HE HIMSELF SHALL NEVER BEHOLD. WITH SUCH SENTIMENTS DID OUR EXCELLENT ARNOLD SUPPORT US IN THE ARDUOUS PURSUIT OF LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION. IT IS EVIDENT, HOWEVER, THAT THERE IS A DIFFERENCE IN TREES, IF NOT IN DILIGENT husbandmen. “HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE” IS A TREE WHOSE FRUIT MAY BE SPEEDILY BEHELD, NOT ONLY BY THOSE WHO PLANTED IT, BUT BY THOSE ALSO WHO CULTIVATE OR ENRICH IT. IT IS A PAYING INVESTMENT. EVERY YEAR IT SENDS ITS ROOTS DEEPER AND STRETCHES ITS BOUGHS OUT FARTHER. IT COMMENDS ITSELF TO THE PRACTICAL CHRISTIAN SENTIMENT OF THE SOUTH. IT IS A PEACE-MAKING FORCE THROUGHOUT THIS SECTION. ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ALL SOUTHERN QUESTIONS IS INTELLIGENT, CONSIDERATE AND JUST; IT GIVES NO SYMPATHY TO FANATICISM ON EITHER SIDE, AND NOTHING BUT DISCOURAGEMENT TO POLITICAL SCHEMERS. IT SENDS OUT EVERY SUMMER THE WHOLESOME LEAVEN OF A CLASS OF YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WHO HAVE BEEN TRAINED TO TEACH INTELLIGENTLY; TO USE THEIR HANDS AS WELL AS THEIR HEADS; TO SEE THE DIGNITY OF LABOR; TO ACCEPT THE SITUATION, AND NOT TO BE ASHAMED OF THEIR COLOR. IN short, they are trained to the work that lies before them, and not trained away from it. IT IS A RARE THING FOR A GRADUATE OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL TO ENTER INTO POLITICAL LIFE. NOT ONE HAS BEEN KNOWN TO BE A DEMAGOGUE. THE STANDARD SET BEFORE THEM IS THAT OF A HARD-WORKING CHRISTIAN MANHOOD; AND IT MUST BE SAID THAT THEY BID FAIR TO MAKE THE BEST CITIZENS WE HAVE, IN A TIME WHEN THE GREAT DEMAND IS FOR MEN WHO WILL NOT WORK FOR AN OFFICE, BUT WHO WILL WORK HONESTLY FOR A LIVING. OUR COUNTRY SEEMS TO BE CRYING FOR A FURTHER SUPPLY OF THAT ARTICLE WHICH FORMS THE STAPLE AND THE GRIT OF NATIONS—A CONTENTED, PRACTICAL MANHOOD—THE “ vir integer vitæ” OF HORACE, RE-INFORCED BY grace. It is that demand which Hampton is seeking to meet, and does meet, with its yearly class of graduates. MANY YEARS AGO ALL ENGLAND WAS STARTLED BY THE ARRAIGNMENT OF AN EDUCATED GENTLEMAN FOR STEALING; HE WAS A GRADUATE OF OXFORD; HE PLEAD GUILTY, BUT SAID IT WAS HIS ONLY RESOURCE; HE HAD NOT BEEN ABLE TO FIND ANY BUSINESS BY WHICH HE COULD SUPPORT HIMSELF HONESTLY. SINCE THEN THE HISTORY OF OUR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS HAS MADE IT APPEAR THAT THIS GENTLEMAN WAS NOT ALONE IN HIS UNHAPPY PREDICAMENT; THERE HAS BEEN A WORLD OF COLLEGE EDUCATION WHICH HAS NOT FITTED ITS BENEFICIARIES TO GAIN AN HONEST LIVELIHOOD. IT HAS GIVEN THEM THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF A SOCIAL RANK, BUT NOT THE POWER TO EARN THAT RANK; IT HAS SIMPLY MADE THEM MISERABLE. IT HAS DONE WORSE EVEN: IT HAS LEFT THEM IN THE MIDST OF A MORAL SNARE. IT IS THE GRAND MISCALCULATION OF OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. HERE ARE MILLIONS OF ACRES AT THE SOUTH WAITING TO BE RECLAIMED BY SKILFUL HANDS; HERE ARE THOUSANDS OF EDUCATED MEN WHO CANNOT FIND AN HONEST SELF-SUPPORTING BUSINESS. THE LEVER OF EDUCATION is not applied at the right place. It is the merit of Hampton that it does apply the lever at the right place. It trains the hand AS WELL AS THE HEAD. IT FITS A MAN TO TAKE UP THE WORK GOD HAS PLACED BEFORE HIM. IT GIVES HIM THE CONDITIONS ON WHICH A Christian life may flourish. THE RELIGIOUS TEACHING IS EVANGELICAL. THE SCHOOL REGARDS ITSELF AS REPRESENTING THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION, AND is faithful to the trust. Nowhere can teachers be found more earnestly evangelical, laboring often beyond their strength to BRING SOULS TO CHRIST. TO THEIR HONOR BE IT SAID, HOWEVER, THAT BOTH UNITARIANS AND FRIENDS HAVE NOT ONLY CONTRIBUTED OF THEIR MEANS IN LARGE PROPORTION, BUT HAVE ALSO SERVED IN THE WORK OF EDUCATION AND CHRISTIAN CULTURE WITH THE MOST UNSELFISH DEVOTION. THEY REAP A FAR RICHER REWARD THAN THAT OF THEOLOGICAL PROSELYTISM. THEIR NOBLE SPIRIT, SCORNING ALL PARTISAN ENDS, SEEKING ONLY FOR AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO GOOD, HAS GREATLY INCREASED THE HUMANE AND BENEFICENT INFLUENCE OF THE SCHOOL; HAS CAUSED IT TO BE WIDELY FELT OUTSIDE OF ITS OWN WALLS, AND TO BECOME EVERY DAY MORE AND MORE AN instrument of peace and reconstruction. THERE IS A WORLD OF KINDLY DEEDS AND NEIGHBORLY ACTS WHICH CANNOT BE ENUMERATED, BUT WHICH PROVE TO THE COMMUNITY THE KINSHIP OF OUR NORTHERN CHRISTIANITY, AND THEY MEET WITH A response. WHE...