ALGAE OF ROMANIA A distributional checklist of actual algae Ioan Cărăuş, Ph.D. [Version 2.0] 2003 1 Acknowledgements This study was started about 15 years ago. Its accomplishment would be probably much more difficult, even significantly delayed, without some major help received from several scientists, who offered me algological literature published by them; I have to mention in the first place, Professor Dr. Leontin Stefan Péterfi (“Babes-Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca); Professor Dr. Laura Momeu (the same University); Dr. Nicolae Bodeanu and Dr. Pia Elena Mihnea (Romanian Institute of Marine Research, Constanta) and last, but not least, the former Dr. Lucian Gruia (who worked in the Institute of Biological Research, Bucharest). I have to gratefully mention the encouraging and important support from two algologists – Dr. Francisc Nagy-Tóth and Dr. Laura Momeu from Cluj-Napoca, which, at the beginning of the work, contributed to determine me to continue to go ahead on a difficult and apparently endless way. An important specific technical aid was offered by a lot of academic, university and research libraries/librarians from Bucharest, Iasi, Piatra Neamt, Constanta, Galati, Cluj- Napoca, Sibiu, Nucet/Dambovita who facilitated me the access to some old and rare publications. Some rare publications were available from the personal scientific library of Prof. Dr. Stoica Godeanu (Bucharest). All these privileges are acknowledged. A special help was kindly offered by two colleagues – Dr. Ecaterina Tünde Tóth (Piatra Neamt) and Professor Dr. Klaus Battes (Bacau University) – who provided information useful to identify the actual name of several locations mentioned by some authors by Hungarian and/or German geographic denominations. Finally, I must respectfully and gratefully mention the work of all the scientists who along more one hundred years contributed to the development of algology in Romania to the continuous growing of knowledge on algae flora; without their work, this synthesis would not be realized. Last, but not least, I have to express all my deep gratitude to my wife Mariana, who, along a period that exceeded 35 years, was my first aid in research activity (both in the field, in laboratory or in the library); she, also, with patience and understanding, supported through the years a husband who often seemed to be (and, really, he was) much too preoccupied by so much time-consuming research activities. ● ● ● 2 Studii şi Cercetări Biologie 7 1-694 Universitatea Bacău, 2002 THE ALGAE OF ROMANIA © Ioan Cărăuş Content Acknowledgements 2 Content 3 1. Introduction 4 2. A distributional checklist of actual algae in Romania 6 Cyanophyta – Cyanobacteria 7 Rhodophyta 61 Chrysophyta 71 Prymesiophyta 88 Xanthophyta 88 Bacillariophyta 103 Dinophyta 293 Phaeophyta 307 Rhaphydophyceae (Chloromonadophyta) 310 Cryptophyceae 310 Euglenophyta 313 Chlorophyta 345 Charophyta 510 Prasinophyceae 517 Glaucophyta 517 3. Synonyms 520 4. Location of sampling stations for algae collection 559 5. Occurrence site classification according to habitat characteristics 615 6. Index of genera 620 7. Basic taxonomic literature 625 8. References 628 Notice to (beginners only !) CD users. This work was edited using WORD-97. In order to facilitate the access to information concerning algae species, their occurrence locations, the authors/papers dealing with a species or another , you can use the command FIND in EDIT. 3 1. Introduction In Romania, the study of the algae has a relative long history. The first records of algal species in freshwater habitats from Transylvania the central part of actual territory of Romania were reported at the middle of XIXth century by F.Schur. Later, the investigations on Romanian algal flora developed that resulting in a gradual and significant increase of the algofloristic knowledge. Among the first larger papers concerning the algal flora of Romania there are the diatomological studies of O.Tömösvary who published in Cluj-Napoca “Bacillariophyceae in Dacia observatas” (1879-1880), presenting the species identified in a lot of sampling stations in Transylvania. In the same period, Julius Schaarschmidt realized the chapter referring to the Algae, within the synthesis concerning the Flora of Romania, edited by A.Kanitz (1879-1881); he listed 270 taxonomic units (species, varieties and forms), identified in locations from Muntenia, Oltenia and Dobrogea, Danube River and the Black Sea. The same author published three major contributions under the title “Additamenta ad Algologiam Dacicam” (1880-1882), presenting the species of algae found by him in Transylvania. A first comprehensive work on the algal flora of Romania was published in 1907/1908 by Emanoil C. Teodorescu : “Materiaux pour la flore algologique de la Roumanie”. The author reported 430 species of algae (except the Diatoms), most of them identified by himself from 54 sampling stations, from various habitats (freshwaters, inland salt waters, marine littoral areas, soils etc.). For the following 50 years, this was the main reference work on the Romanian algae. In 1956 – 1958, I. Tarnavschi and M. Oltean published a new synthesis on Romanian algal flora : “Materiale pentru un conspect al algelor din România” (I-II). The authors , based on up- to-date Romanian algological literature (159 sources), listed 1502 species of algae, both freshwater and marine. This work represented for some decades an unique and valuable bibliographical reference, very useful for the developing algological investigations. During the last decades of XXth century, the investigations on algal flora of Romania developed significantly. A lot of research projects were carried on by the scientists from Cluj Napoca, dealing especially with algae from mountain areas, peat bogs, and other wet habitats, mainly from Transylvania. In Bucharest, a special attention was paid by researchers to the algae flora from Danube, Danube floodplain, Danube Delta, other water bodies, soils and rice fields. Marine algae – both microphytic and large ones – were studied by investigators from research units from Agigea, Mamaia and Constanţa. Last, but not least, it is to be mentioned the investigations on algal flora carried out at “Stejarul” (Pângăraţi) Research Station, concerning mainly the man-made lakes. Further on, the accumulation of more and more scientific information, and the diversity of professional journals including algological contributions generated certain difficulties in establishing which of the identified species of algae represent new additions for the algal flora of Romania. There were some cases when different authors reported, separately and not simultaneously, the same species as a new floristic record. The huge amount of published information on algal records in Romania during the last four decades of the XXth century made possibly – and necessary – a new listing of the species of algae found on the territory of Romania. In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the natural capital, a major indication of the trend of its evolution. In this sense, the study of different taxonomic categories of organisms, their geographic distribution, may be of a very special interest. The study of the algae could also be of some interest in relation to biotechnological developments – especially for algal culture, for integrated aquaculture etc. 4 Present study aims to the summarize – as far as possible – the published information about the presence and distribution in the territory of the Romanian algae. There were taken into consideration the scientific bibliography referring to the algofloristic investigations carried out along a period of about 150 years; these studies were conducted on different types of natural algal communities, living in lakes, ponds, pools, rivers, reservoirs, in salt or ... inland water bodies, in polluted or clean waters, in peat bogs, on soils, on snow, on stone walls, in cave ecosystems, in Romanian littoral waters of the Black Sea etc. There were considered a lot of literature sources, not only that with floristic character, published by notorious algologists, but also the papers of specialists in other branches of hydrobiology, in algal physiology, botanists, who mentioned even one algal species in their work. In my opinion, the redundancy of information concerning the presence of one or other algae is favorable for a better knowledge of algal presence and distribution in the territory. An attempt to compiling the available information on the fossil algae was also made, taking into consideration the geological/palaeontological literature published in Romania. Because of the complexity and the relatively systematic unclear situation of part of the fossil algae, I preferred to separate the listing of actual algae from the fossil one; the last will be the subject of an intended second volume of ALGAE OF ROMANIA. I have to mention that besides the literature published by Romanian biologists, there were considered also the publications of the specialists in neighboring countries, who studied the boundary waters; we took the assumption that an algal population recorded in one sampling station on a river (or reservoir) may be, very probably, a certain presence in the whole aquatic ecosystem. Concerning the systematics (taxonomic situation) of the algae listed in Section 05 of the present study, there are to be emphasized some points, as follows. First of all, it may be said that this is not a taxonomic work; it is only a synthesis, a species inventory summarizing the information published by many authors; these authors worked along a period of 150 years, in which time the taxonomic algology itself developed significantly. By using different basic algological literature, the algal names published by different investigators varied to a certain extent. Secondly, I think it is to be mentioned the fact that algal taxonomy itself is in present a dynamic, non-homogenous and not generally accepted topic. Even now there are some very different opinions concerning the phylogeny of the Algae, the classification of this diverse group of organisms, from the top to the lowest systematic levels (species, varieties). In various recent published articles, or in major algological syntheses/databases found on Internet sites, there may be observed major differences in considering and denomination of one and the same algal entity; I refer for instance to algal entities belonging to the former/actual freshwater algae in genera as Synedra/Fragilaria/Fragilariopsis/Ctenophora, or Melosira/Aulacoseira etc etc. Several marine species of these genera were not taken into consideration by generic change of nomenclature. Even in the last years there were published floristic reports using “classic” generic names (as Synedra or Melosira) which meantime were replaced/modified in European basic systematic literature. A number of infraspecific taxonomic entities belonging to the former species need further clarification. Unfortunately, within the floristic literature examined during the preparation of this work, there were met some old scientific algal names which seem to have been lost on the way; I could not find them in available basic modern literature neither as valid names, nor as synonyms or rejected names (e.g Ulvina aceti Kützing, Hygrogrocys atramenti Agardh, Botrydina vulgaris Brébisson etc). They were mentioned in the final part of the list of species, as taxonomic units without a clear systematic situation/affiliation. 5 I think it could be more important to report the presence of one or another algal entity in order to know better and better the distribution area of that taxonomic unit. In this situation, I considered preferably to avoid the taxonomic or nomenclature clarification/controversies and to focus the attention to the summarizing – as far as possible - an actual list of algae recorded in Romania, and to mention, also, for each of them, the locations in which it was sampled. In order to facilitate the identification of algal species, (no matter the name under which there were published in time), a special section of the study presents a general listing of synonyms attributed to various taxonomical algal entities. In memory of A.Pascher I should like to remember to the users of this distributional checklist of algae own Pascher’s words *: “Errors made by an author or by publisher cannot be avoided because it is impossible to survey such an enormous field of research, but well founded encouragement or correction will be gratefully accepted”. Being sure that this work could and must be improved, I ask cordially all the specialists to send me their observations, comments and suggestions, in order to consider their opinions when a new edition will be prepared. ________________ * cited according to “Süsswasserflora Mitteleuropas” ☯ ☯ ☯ 2. A distributional checklist of actual algae in Romania The arrangement of species on major systematic groups were made according to the classification presented by South and Whittick (1990). For every taxonomic entity there were mentioned the locations where they were identified in and, for each location, the code of literature source (corresponding to the codes presented in the last section of this work - “References”). Location code is shown in Section 4; as a rule, the sampling stations were grouped within respective hydrographic basins. Codes containing TI indicative refers to occurences in Tisa River basin, SO – in Someş River basin, MS – Mureş River basin, TM – Timiş River basin, BA – Bârzava River Basin; CS – Caraş River basin, NE – Nera River basin, CE – Cerna River basin, JI – Jiu River basin, OT – Olt River basin, AG – Argeş River basin, IA – Ialomiţa River basin, CA – Calmăţui River basin, SI – Siret River basin, PR – Prut River basin, DA – Danube River basin, DB – Dobrogea, BS – Black Sea, UN – unidentified locations in Romania. In the case the author of a species or a subspecies entity was not found neinther in the referred paper nor in different taxonomic books/algae databases, that alga was marked by (*). Other marks mean: (**) – Actual taxonomic situation is unclear and needs further investigation (***) – The alga was not found in available recent taxonomic works 6 Cyanophyta - Cyanobacteria 1. Achroonema angustatum (Koppe) Skuja 427CE(S0190);1087DA(S0190) 2. Anabaena aequalis Borge 124SO(S0181);198CR(S1233);336MS(S1314);551OT(S1045);716AG(S0061);1108DA(S0190);1134DA (S0196);1135DA(S0196);1142DA(S0196);1200DA(S0058);1203DA(S0152;S0269);1207DA(S0238; S0372);1213DA(S0062);1217DA(S1046);1225DA(S0296);1263DA(S0041;S0049) Anabaena aequalis Borge f. anomala Kossinskaja 52SO(S0243;S0300) 3. Anabaena affinis Lemmermann 254MS(S0022);558OT(S1260;S1261);623AG(S0191);816IA(S0423);985SI(S0842);1004PR(S1203); 1011PR(S1296);1207DA(S0372);1217DA(S1046);1225DA(S0160);1227DA(S1046);1232DA(S0041; S0049);1236DA(S1046);1237DA(S1046);1261DA(S0041;S0049);1265DA(S0406);1277DA(S1204); 1297DB(S0785) 4. Anabaena aphanizomenoides Forti 1115DA(S0668) 5. Anabaena augstumnalis Schmidle 4TI(S1176);5TI(S0164;S0079;S0609);9TI(S0079);10TI(S0079);11TI(S0079;S0164);12TI(S0079); 24TI(S0164;S0079);40SO(S0030);52SO(S1176);56SO(S0077);60SO(S0244);61SO(S0509);74SO (S1280);285MS(S0030);323MS(S0500);325MS(S0500);374MS(S0051);401BA(S1176);476OT(S0308; S0336);592OT(S0508);650AG(S1311);875SI(S0610);912SI(S0136);1374UN(S0556) Anabaena augstumnalis Schmidle f. incrassata (Nyg.) Elenkin 650AG(S1311) Anabaena augstumnalis Schmidle var. longispora Tarnavschi et Mitroiu, 1956 874SI(S1176);875SI(S0498;S0719) Anabaena augstumnalis Schmidle f. marchica (Lemm.) Elenkin 1005PRS0513) 6. Anabaena azollae Strasburger 685AG(S1319);689AG(S0817;S0427);832SI(S0903);1300DB(S0142) 7. Anabaena baltica J.Schmidt 295MS(S0456) 8. Anabaena catenula (Kütz.) Born.et Flah. 511OT(S0018);716AG(S0858);1207DA(S0372);1225DA(S0160;S0296) Anabaena catenula (Kütz.) Born.et Flah. var. affinis (Lemm.) Geitler 1207DA(S0238;S0372) 7 9. Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst 492OT(1044);55SO(S1202);551OT(S1045);558OT(S1260);721AG(S0080);811IA(S0601);1029PR (S0656);1043PR(S0654);1056PR(S0655);1074PR(S0794);1124DA(S0353);1169DA(S0192);1200DA (S0058);1202DA(S0269);1203DA(S0132;S0269);1230DA(S0372);1231DA(S0372);1232DA(S0464); 1236DA(S1046;S0372;S0464);1237DA(S1046;S0372;S0464);1240DA(S0464);1271DA(S0372); 1272DA(S0464);1277DA(S0372;S0464;S1204);1300DB(S0142);1310DB(S0928);1324DB(S0400); 1325DB(S0400);1338DB(S0648;S0372;S0839);1413UN(S0238);1415UN(S0157) 10. Anabaena constricta (Szafer) Geitler 8TI(S0079);124SO(S0181);409CS(S0778;S0960);475OT(S0147);476OT(S0336;S0631);630AG(S0778; S0960);631AG(S0778;S0960);632AG(S0778;S0960);633AG(S0778;S0960);716AG(S0601);721AG (S0080);774IA(S0516);810IA(S0601);811IA(S0601);812IA(S0601);819IA(S0601);1003SI(S0657); 1076DA(S1173);1086DA(S0190);1087DA(S0286);1107DA(S0190);1190DA(S0858);1206DA(S0392; S0362;S0743);1207DA(S0238;S0372);1225DA(S0296);1261DA(S0041;S0049);1277DA(S1204); 1310DB(S1100;S1103) 11. Anabaena contorta Bachmann 8TI(S0079);457JI(S0055);630AG(S0778;S0960);631AG(S0778;S0960);632AG(S0778;S0960);633AG (S0778;S0960);634AG(S0778;S0960);721AG(S0080;S0107);994SI(S0141);1076DA(S0521);1078DA (S0119);1164DA(S0170);1177DA(S0207);1200DA(S0058;S0067;S0130;S0522;S0541);1201DA(S0792) ;1207DA(S0372);1271DA(S0839);1277DA(S0839;S1204);1321DB(S0729);1370UN(S0409;S0685) 12. Anabaena cylindrica Lemmermann 4TI(S1176);8TI(S0164;S0079);11TI(S0164;S0079);13TI(S0164;S0079);15TI(S0164);1374UN(S0556) 13. Anabaena cylindrospora Tschernov 1324DB(S0400) 14. Anabaena echinospora Skuja 774IA(S0516) 15. Anabaena ellipsoides Bolochonzew 525OT(S1044) 16. Anabaena felisii (Menegh.)Born.et Flahault 1076DA(S0521);1200DA(S0541;S0058);1203DA(S0130) 17. Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Brébisson 55SO(S1202);197CR(S1233);198CR(S1233);208CR(S0289);212CR(S0289);216CR(S0289;S0553; S1238);245MS(S1252);252MS(S0022;S0396);464OT(S0131);508OT(S0906);509OT(S0906);552OT (S1045);611AG(S0961);622AG(S0961);650AG(S0868;S1037);664AG(S0090);690AG(S0378); 721AG(S0080);723AG(S0021);809IA(S0235);1011PR(S1296);1046PR(S0817);1049PR(S0069); 1054PR(S0197);1056PR(S0241);1076DA(S0349;S0521);1113DA(S0140);1134DA(S0196);1169DA (S0192;S0193;S0316);1176DA(S0167);1200DA(S0058;S0403);1207DA(S0372);1213DA(S0062;S0892) ;1225DA(S0160;S0296);1226DA(S1046);1227DA(S1046);1235DA(S0380);1246DA(S1046);1258DA (S0036);1265DA(S1182);1268DA(S1046);1274DA(S0362);1277DA(S0362;S1204);1300DB(S0142; S0399);1302DB(S0399);1307DB(S0399);1310DB(S1103);1324DB(S0400);1348BS(S0951); 1413UN(S0238) Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Brébisson f. aptekariana Elenkin 1390UN(S0368) Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Brébisson var. circinalis Rabenhorst 8 142SO(S0906) Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.)Brébisson var. gracilis Klebahn 1169DA(S0192);1413UN(S0238) Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Brébisson var. intermedia Woronichin 721AG(S0080);1169DA(S0192);1413UN(S0238) Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Brébisson f. spiroides (Woronich) Elenkin 1169DA(S0192) 18. Anabaena heterospora Nygaard 1163DA(S0170);1164DA(S0170) 19. Anabaena inaequalis (Kütz.) Born.et Flah. 1164DA(S0170) 20. Anabaena lapponica Borge 476OT(S0631);592OT(S0508);874SI(S1176);875SI(S0498);913SI(S0136);1374UN(S0556) Anabaena lapponica Borge var. insignis Kossinskaja 343MS(S0301) 21. Anabaena laxa (Rabenh.) A.Braun 98SO(S0456);99SO(S0456);289MS(S1280);1163DA(S0170);1164DA(S0170) 22. Anabaena lemmermanni P.Richter 263MS(S0557);671AG(S0153);721AG(S0080);1207DA(S0372) 23. Anabaena levanderi Lemmermann 1076DA(S0521) 24. Anabaena limnetica G.M.Smith 1207DA(S0372) 25. Anabaena macrospora Klebahn 622AG(S0961);1207DA(S0372);1225DA(S0160;S0296);1277DA(S1204) 26. Anabaena miniata Skuja 1335DB(S1158) 27. Anabaena minima Tschernov 76SO(S0617);1200DA(S0058);1203DA(S0132;S0269);1207DA(S0238;S0372);1282DA(S0041;S0049) 28. Anabaena minutissima Lemmermann 336MS(S1314);343MS(S0301);382MS(S0620);476OT(S0308);512OT(S1236)907SI(S1235;S1312); 913SI(S0136) 29. Anabaena oscillarioides Bory 89SO(S0962);92SO(S0906);100SO(S0906);197CR(S1233);198CR(S1233);281MS(S0962);343MS (S0301);492OT(S1044);500OT(S0007);511OT(S0018);554OT(S1045);626AG(S0191);681AG(S0817); 696AG(S0858);716AG(S0061;S0858);718AG(S0817);804IA(S0601);810IA(S0601);819IA(S0601); 9 1378UN(S1308) Anabaena oscillarioides Bory f. caucasica (Schmidle) Elenkin 343MS(S0301) 30. Anabaena planctonica Brunnthaler 602OT(S0146);664AG(S0090);716AG(S0061);721AG(S0080;S0107);817IA(S0173);1135DA(S0196); 1176DA(S0735;S0167);1177DA(S0207);1200DA(S0058;S0541);1201DA(S0269);1202DA(S0269); 1203DA(S0130;S0132;S0269);1207DA(S0372);1225DA(S0160;S0296);1235DA(S0380);1290DA (S0194);1300DB(S0399);1302DB(S0399);1306DB(S0399);1307DB(S0399);1308DB(S0735);1310DB (S1100;S1103);1321DB(S0106);1339DB(S0735);1348BS(S0710);1413UN(S0238) 31. Anabaena paulseniana Boye-Petersen 874SI(S1176) ;875SI(S0498) 32. Anabaena reniformis Lemmermann 1277DA(S1204) (Anabaena scheremetievi Elenkin) f. macrosporoides (Troitzk).Elenkin (**) 1076DA(S0521);1200DA(S0522;S0042;S0058;S0067;S0130;S0541) (Anabaena scheremetievi Elenkin) f. ovalispora Elenkin (**) 668AG(S0139);1076DA(S0521);1200DA(S0058;S0067;S0130;S0522;S0042);1207DA(S0372); 1237DA(S0063) (Anabaena scheremetievi Elenkin) f. ovospora (Kissel.) Elenkin (**) 1076DA(S0521) (Anabaena scheremetievi Elenkin) f. recta Elenkin (**) 208CR(S0014);641AG(S0346);721AG(S0080;S0107);1207DA(S0238;S0372);1282DA(S0041;S0049); 1290DA(S0194) (Anabaena scheremetievi Elenkin) var. recta Elenkin f. rotundispora Elenkin (**) 709AG(S0346) 33. Anabaena sigmoidea Nygaard 1049PR(S0069) 34. Anabaena solitaria Klebahn 5TI(S0609);52SO(S1176);60SO(S0244);61SO(S0509);75SO(S1280);122SO(S1280);145SO(S1047); 208CR(S1238);284MS(S1280);286MS(S1176);325MS(S0500);349MS(S0661);401BA(S0505);402BA (S0605);494OT(S1045);512aOT(S1230);551OT(S1045);641AG(S0346);810IA(S0601);816IA(S0423); 868SI(S0514);869SI(S0514);870SI(S0650);913SI(S0136);952SI(S0649;S1048);969SI(S0504);993SI (S0700);1007PR(S0414);1164DA(S0170);1200DA(S0403);1201DA(S0792);1207DA(S0372);1208DA (S1046);1210DA(S0062);1221DA(S0839);1228DA(S1046);1229DA(S0781);1236DA(S04645;S1046); 1237DA(S0464);1240DA(S0464);1242DA(S1046);1260DA(S0464);1272DA(S0464);1277DA(S0464; S1204;S1204);1287DA(S0416) Anabaena solitaria Klebahn 10