The Album Amicorum of Dorothea Bohn (1846-1930) (Leiden, UB, LTK 2204) Edited by Sofia Kapnisi (s1662023) MA Thesis Department of Media Studies MA Programme Book and Digital Media Studies University of Leiden, August 2016 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. P.G. Hoftijzer Second reader: P.A.F. Verhaar MA Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................7 Editorial Note .................................................................................................................9 Standardization ..............................................................................................................9 Presentation ...................................................................................................................10 Editorial symbols ...........................................................................................................11 Mini Glossary for the comprehension of the Dutch dedication notes......................11 Context of the album .................................................................................................13 Dora’s short biographical note ....................................................................................13 Dora’s life and her environment through the album’s inscriptions ..........................15 The album: Part one ......................................................................................................15 The album: Part two ......................................................................................................22 Dora’s life beyond her album .......................................................................................23 Description of the manuscript .................................................................................27 Location and provenance .............................................................................................27 Structure and condition ................................................................................................27 Content and decoration ...............................................................................................27 The Album Amicorum of Dorothea Bohn .............................................................31 Quantitative Analysis ...............................................................................................123 Task 1: A brief textual analysis ...................................................................................123 Task 2: Data analysis ...................................................................................................124 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................129 Index of Contributors...............................................................................................131 Index of Personal Names ........................................................................................133 List of Illustrations ....................................................................................................136 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................137 1 2 Preface This thesis is a complete edition of the album amicorum of Dorothea Petronella (Dora) Bohn (1846-1930). The manuscript is currently located in the Leiden University Library. It can be found in the catalogue under the title ‘Album amicorum van Dorothea Bohn’ or under shelfmark LTK 2204,1 and be consulted in the reading room of the Special Collections. The owner of the album, Dora Bohn, was a member of the Bohn family of booksellers and publishers active in nineteenth-century Haarlem. The album is a poetry book, known in the Netherlands as ‘poesiealbum’, at the time traditionally offered to young girls to keep memories of their youth. The remarkable longevity of this album with a span of 23 years, from 1861 to 1884, expands its significance beyond the recording of friendships. It contains handwritten inscriptions by members of her family and by a network of friends, including the family’s professional contacts. A short description of the album was published in 1993, in the Nieuw Letterkundig Magazijn (New Literary Magazine), a periodical published by the Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Society of Dutch Literature), closely after the album was added to the Special Collections of Leiden University Library.2 Since, no further study has been made of it, nor of its owner, even though she became a published author at a later age.3 The album reveals certain aspects of the multiple relations that linked the professional society of Haarlem, at that time known as the centre of the publishing industry in the Netherlands, with the family firms working within a network of professional and personal bonds.4 The personal story is interlaced with the family’s connections, that are present in the album 1  ‘LTK’ (= Letterkunde) collection in Leiden University Library is a ‘loan’ collection of the Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Society of Dutch Literature). 2  K. Thomassen, ‘Drie poëzie-albums’, Nieuw Letterkundig Magazijn, 11 (1993), pp. 15-16. 3  The Digital library for the Dutch Literature (Digitale bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse let- teren, dbnl), mentions her as the author of a children’s book, without further biographical informa- tion. <http://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/auteur.php?id=mull081> (10 June, 2016). 4  Ch. Keijsper, ‘De Geschiedenis van het boekbedrijf in kort bestek’, in P. Gijsbers and A. van Kempen (eds.), Deugdelijk arrebeid vordert lang bepeinzen, Jubileumboek uitgegeven ter gelegen- heid van het 250-jarig bestaan van uitgeverij Bohn 1752-2002 (Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, 2002), p. 13. 3 either as contributors, or as authors of the dedicated literary texts. Thus, through the album, we encounter prominent figures of the contemporary publishing industry as well as members of their families. They contributed texts and thoughts, and sometimes shared their personal sorrows. The album’s atmosphere is infused by the spirit of Romantic literature. However, the expression of melancholy, mourning and consolation cannot be seen solely as a literary choice, as they reflect a sequence of tragic events in Dora Bohn’s youth and early adulthood. The album attracted my attention while searching through the catalogue of Leiden University Library’s Special Collections for documents attributed to females involved in the Dutch nineteenth-century intellectual life. It was rewarding to find this document belonging to a member of the Bohn family, and containing information about the family and its environment albeit in an indirect and informal way. The fact that the owner of the album seems to have left minimal traces of her life, added to my decision to edit her album amicorum. The aim of this thesis is threefold. Firstly, the edition aims to map Dora Bohn’s network of family, friends and acquaintances, the literature popular in this network and the related authors, and the story of her life as it is recorded in the album. Thus, the edition can be seen as a contribution to the narration of the history of the Bohn family, as documented from the viewpoint of the private sphere. Secondly, through this edition, the manuscript is made accessible as a source of additional information on the documentation of Dutch literature. Next to the until now missing biographical information on Dora Bohn, collected through this study, the album revealed a number of texts that can be added to the bibliography and biography of known literary figures of the time. For this reason, six album contributions, containing original texts, have been edited also in digital form.5 Thirdly, the thesis, being written for the master programme Book and Digital Media Studies, is a practical exercise in creating a scholarly edition of a historical and literary document and transforming a collection of handwritten texts into a complete annotated study. Yet, despite the extensive annotations, this edition is addressed not only to researchers, but also to general interested readers. 5  See URL: <http://bookandbyte.org/DorotheaBohn/>. 4 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to the people who offered me their time, help, and advice throughout the writing of this thesis, including my supervisors who made this project possible by their thorough guidance. I especially want to thank Mart van Duijn (UBL Special Collections) for the valuable information he provided me and for his interest to my project. I would also like to thank Janette van den Beukel for her crucial help in the transcription of some puzzling Dutch texts, and Felicitas Kolb for deciphering the album’s last German text. I am also grateful to the librarians and archivists who supported me with great hospitality in my searches for information. Finally, I wish to thank my friends who cheered at this endeavour, and even more my constant supporters, my invaluable family, Koert and Michael Julian. 5 6 Introduction The tradition of alba amicorum in the Netherlands goes back to the sixteenth century, when these manuscript booklets were used for collecting incriptions from the social and professional network of the owner. They are better known as albums owned by academic students, recording contacts and acquaintances during their studies and during their academic ‘grand-tour’.6 However, this description only refers to the albums owned by male individuals, whereas, from the beginning of this tradition, there was an equivalent habit developing amongst female individuals.7 The female-owned albums differed considerably in content from the male owned ones, corresponding to the social life permitted to women, which was less mobile and conducted more indoors. These albums were a sort guest book, or a song book, or a combination of the two, and were written in the vernacular in contrast to the classical languages, Latin and Greek (and occasionally even Hebrew), that were used in the students’ albums.8 The contrasts between the two types of albums expand to other characteristics, like the size and form of the album, the contributed illustrations, or the size of the inscripted text, as much as to their frequency in different time periods. Ultimately, their core purpose was common, that is a declaration of the owner’s identity through the inscripted literature, and other cultural preferences, and through the network of contacts. While the purpose seems to be intertemporal, the form that it takes throughout time varies; in present time, it is formed into the online social networking. The information that we can take from the alba amicorum is of multiple nature, including genealogical and sociological threads, cultural tendencies of the time period and of the involved societal class, as well as threads of personal stories that would be lost if not documented in this form. Especially the stories of women were more likely to be lost into domestic oblivion. The study of their albums by 6  K. Thomassen (ed.), Alba amicorum: Vijf eeuwen vriendschap op papier gezet: het Album amicorum en het poëziealbum in de Nederlanden (The Hague: Schwartz-SDU, 1990), pp. 12-13. 7  The earliest known female owned album dates from 1546. Its owner was Katharyna van Bronchorst, and it was titled ‘Darfelder Liedehanschrift’. S. Reinders, ‘Dienen met mooie woorden’, Genealogie, 18 (2012), pp. 22-25. 8  Ibidem. 7 mapping their contacts and by reading through the lines of the recited literature, can reveal information valuable for recomposing their lives. Leiden University Library, where the research for this thesis was primarily conducted, houses a rich collection of alba amicorum. The greatest volume of the collection represents the initial friends’ book kept by students; only a handful is the type held by women, of which five belong to the nineteenth century.9 By that time, alba amicorum were mostly popular among young females. The albums changed in form, and in the nineteenth century were renamed into ‘poesiealbums’ (poetry albums). From 1850, the type of contributions also changed, from the short citations that was common until then, to the transcription of long pieces of literature, mostly poetry.10 This is the form of album amicorum studied in this thesis (fig. 1). Figure 1: The title ‘Poesie’ printed on the cover of the album amicorum of Dorothea Bohn. Leiden. UB, LTK 2204 (detail). 9  UBL, Collectie Alba amicorum, ubl290. 10  The title that was printed on the cover would be ‘Poezie’ or Poëziealbum’ (in Dutch), or more commonly ‘Poesiealbum’ or ‘Poesie’ (in German), which is an indication that the albums were most often printed in Germany. Thomassen, Alba Amicorum, pp. 27-28. 8