The Adam Smith Review Volume 11 Adam Smith’s contribution to economics is well recognised, but scholars have recently been exploring anew the multidisciplinary nature of his works. The Adam Smith Review is a rigorously refereed annual review that provides a unique forum for interdisciplinary debate on all aspects of Adam Smith’s works, his place in history, and the significance of his writings to the modern world. It is aimed at facilitating debate between scholars working across the humanities and social sci- ences, thus emulating the reach of the Enlightenment world which Smith helped to shape. This eleventh volume brings together leading scholars from across several dis- ciplines, and offers a particular focus on Smith and Rousseau. There is also an emphasis throughout the volume on the relationship between Smith’s work and that of other key thinkers such as Malthus, Newton, Freud and Sen. Fonna Forman is Associate Professor of Political Science and Founding Co-Director of the Center on Global Justice and the Blum Cross-Border Initiative at the University of California, San Diego, USA. She is Editor of The Adam Smith Review on behalf of the Adam Smith Society. The Adam Smith Review Published in association with the International Adam Smith Society Editor: Fonna Forman (Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego) Book Review Editor: Craig Smith (School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow) Managing Editor: Aaron Cotkin (University of California, San Diego and Johns Hopkins University) Editorial Assistant: Ike Sharpless (Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego) Editorial Board (as of Volume 11): Christopher J. Berry (University of Glasgow, UK); Vivienne Brown (Open University, UK); Neil De Marchi (Duke University, USA); Stephen Darwall (University of Michigan, USA); Douglas Den Uyl (Liberty Fund, USA); Laurence W. Dickey (University of Wisconsin, USA); Samuel Fleischacker (University of Illinois, Chicago, USA); Charles L. Griswold (Boston University, USA); Knud Haakonssen (University of Sussex, UK); Ryan Patrick Hanley (Marquette University, USA); Iain McLean (Nuffield College, Oxford, UK); Hiroshi Mizuta (Japan Academy, Japan); John Mullan (University College London, UK); Takashi Negishi (Japan Academy, Japan); Martha C. Nussbaum (University of Chicago, USA); James Otteson (University of Alabama, USA); Nicholas Phillipson † (University of Edin- burgh, UK); Emma Rothschild (Harvard University, USA and King’s College, Cambridge, UK); Ian Simpson Ross (British Columbia, Canada); Amartya Sen (Harvard University, USA; and Trinity College, Cambridge, UK); Richard B. Sher (New Jersey Institute of Tech- nology, USA); Shannon C. Stimson (University of California, Berkeley, USA); Kathryn Sutherland (St Anne’s College, Oxford, UK); Keith Tribe (King’s School, Worcester, UK); Gloria Vivenza (University of Verona, Italy); Donald Winch † (University of Sussex, UK). The Adam Smith Review is a multidisciplinary annual review sponsored by the Interna- tional Adam Smith Society. It aims to provide a unique forum for vigorous debate and the highest standards of scholarship on all aspects of Adam Smith’s works, his place in history, and the significance of his writings for the modern world. The Adam Smith Review aims to facilitate interchange between scholars working within different disciplinary and theoretical perspec- tives, and to this end it is open to all areas of research relating to Adam Smith. The Review also hopes to broaden the field of English-language debate on Smith by occasionally including translations of scholarly works at present available only in languages other than English. The Adam Smith Review is intended as a resource for Adam Smith scholarship in the widest sense. The Editor welcomes comments and suggestions, including proposals for symposia or themed sections in the Review. Future issues are open to comments and debate relating to previously published papers. The website of The Adam Smith Review is: http://www.adamsmithreview.org/ For details of membership of the International Adam Smith Society and reduced rates for purchasing the Review, please visit https://smithsociety.org/membership-2 The Adam Smith Review (Volume 11) Edited by Fonna Forman Published 2019 For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com/series/ASR The Adam Smith Review Volume 11 Edited by Fonna Forman First published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business  2019 selection and editorial matter, Fonna Forman; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Fonna Forman to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-00242-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-40059-9 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK Contents List of contributors vii From the editor xi Donald Winch, Adam Smith and intellectual history xii RICHARD WHATMORE Nicholas Phillipson, 1937–2018 xxi JAMES HARRIS In memory of Nick Phillipson xxiv JENG-GUO S. CHEN Smith and Rousseau 1 GUEST EDITOR: CRAIG SMITH Symposium on Adam Smith and Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3 CRAIG SMITH Rousseau and Julie von Bondeli on the moral sense 7 CHRISTOPHER KELLY AND HEATHER PANGLE Smith, Rousseau and Cato the younger 21 GLORIA VIVENZA Rousseau’s influence on Smith’s theory of unintended consequences, the invisible hand and Smith’s understanding of history 36 SPENCER J. PACK Speech, the affective, and the insult in not being believed: Rousseau and Adam Smith. 53 BYRON DAVIES Smith and Rousseau on imitation and impassioned musical expression: the challenge of instrumental music in the second half of the eighteenth century 67 KRIS WORSLEY vi Contents Rousseau and Smith in the Age of Imagination 90 IAGO RAMOS Of shame and poverty; and on misreading Sen and Adam Smith 109 Of shame and poverty; and on misreading Sen and Adam Smith 111 K. I. MACDONALD 1 Introduction: on shame and poverty 116 2 Sen on the logic of poverty 117 3 Smith on the logic of taxation 119 4 On prevalent interpretations 123 5 Smith on the shame of poverty 127 6 Smith not an egalitarian 150 7 The logic of shame and poverty 213 8 Conclusion 237 Articles 263 Adam Smith’s Humean attitude towards science: illustrated by “The History of Astronomy” 265 ERIK W. MATSON Thomas Robert Malthus and his unrealized edition of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations 281 TARO HISAMATSU Adam Smith’s Newtonian ideals 297 TONI VOGEL CAREY Smith and Freud’s use of pain and pleasure as human motivations in morality 315 ŞULE ÖZLER AND PAUL A. GABRINETTI Adam Smith’s science of commerce: the effect of communication 338 SHINJI NOHARA Report on work in the Smith archives 353 Adam Smith’s library: recent work on his books and marginalia 355 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON, SHINJI NOHARA, AND CRAIG SMITH Notes for contributors 378 Contributors Toni Vogel Carey, Ph.D. (Columbia, Philosophy), independent scholar, has published since 1976 on ethics, scientific method and the history of ideas (Journal of Philosophy, Philosophical Studies, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, Isis, Erkenntnis). Since 1998 she has focused increasingly on the Scottish Enlightenment, particularly Adam Smith, and the relation between Smithian and Darwinian evolution (Biology and Philosophy, Journal of Scottish Philosophy, Adam Smith Review). She contributed an entry to Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy (Wiley, 2011). Since 2002 she has been a regular contributor to the British magazine Philosophy Now, and serves on its board of U.S. Advisors. Jeng-Guo S. Chen’s interest lies in intellectual history with particular regard to the European Enlightenment and Chinese receptions of enlightenment ideas. He is a Research Fellow at the Institute of History and Philology and a Concurrent Research Fellow at the Center for Political Thought, Academia Sinica, Taipei. Byron Davies is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Before coming to UNAM Byron wrote a dissertation on Rousseau’s understanding of our dependence on others in the Department of Philosophy at Harvard University. Byron has published on the work of Stanley Cavell in the journal Modern Language Notes, as well as on Rousseau and the films of the Spanish director Víctor Erice on the website Aesthetics for Birds. Paul A. Gabrinetti did his graduate studies in Psychology at the University of Southern California and his analytic training at the C.G. Jung Institute in Los Angeles. He taught graduate students at USC and Pacifica Graduate Institute, and analytic candidates at the C.G. Jung Institute in Los Angeles. Dr. Gabrinetti has lectured, taught and written on the applications of psy- choanalytic and Jungian analytic psychology on clinical and academic issues over the past 40 years. His current research interests include psychoanalytic reflections on moral philosophy and the application of mythological themes within analytic practice. Dr. Gabrinetti is co-author with Dr. Şule Özler of Psychoanalytic Reflections on the Work of Adam Smith: Towards a Theory of Moral Development and Social Relations (Şule Özler and Paul Gabrinetti, viii Contributors Routledge, 2018). He is a practising psychologist and Jungian psychoanalyst in Santa Monica and Woodland Hills California. James Harris is Professor of the History of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. He has taught at St Andrews since 2004. He is the author of Hume: An Intellectual Biography (Cambridge University Press, 2015) and Of Liberty and Necessity: The Free Will Debate in Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 2005). He has published articles on Hume, Hutcheson, Reid, Beattie, and Priestley, and on a number of themes in eight- eenth-century British philosophy. He is the editor of The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Oxford University Press, 2013), and also (with Aaron Garrett) of Volume One of Scottish Philosophy in the Age of Enlightenment (Oxford University Press, 2015). He has edited texts by Reid (with Knud Haakonnsen), Beattie, Kames, and Abraham Tucker. He currently has two research projects. One concerns the persona of the philosopher and the nature and social role of philosophizing in eighteenth-century Britain. The focus of the other is British political thought from Locke to Burke, in particular changes and continuities in the period’s discussion of political obligation. Taro Hisamatsu is Associate Professor at Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan. His previous positions include Associate Professor at Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan, and Lecturer at Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan. He received his PhD in Economics at Kobe University in 2008 with a dissertation on Robert Torrens’ theory of value and distribution. His fields of research are the theory of value and distribution, the classical theory of economic growth and the history of international trade theory. Christopher Kelly is a Professor in the Department of Political Science at Boston College. He is the co-editor of The Collected Writings of Rousseau and author of Rousseau’s Exemplary Life (1987) and Rousseau as Author (2003). K. I. Macdonald is an Emeritus Fellow at Nuffield College, University of Oxford. He has taught in departments of government and of social policy, and published on quantitative sociology and political science, and on political theory. His current research is on the nature of obligation to adult lateral kin. Erik W. Matson is an adjunct Instructor of Economics at Northern Virginia Community College and an online course lecturer in economics at The King’s College, New York. In the fall of 2018, Erik will be joining the Program on the Foundations of the Market Economy at New York University as a postdoctoral research fellow. His work on the history of thought has been published in The Journal of Scottish Philosophy, The Review of Austrian Economics, and Society. Shinji Nohara, Ph.D. (Kyoto University, Economics), Associate Professor (Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo) researches the contexts of Smith’s moral philosophy and political economy. He has published a monograph in Japanese and essays in Japanese and in English. Recently, he has been researching how Smith confronted international relationships. His essay ‘Hume and Smith Contributors ix on morality and war’ (published in War in the History of Economic Thought, A. Rosselli and Y. Ikeda (eds), London: Routledge, 2017), focused on how Hume and Smith viewed war. In 2018, he published Commerce and Strangers in Adam Smith (Springer). He has also been researching Adam Smith’s books, especially Smith’s library at the University of Tokyo, and Smith’s marginalia. A part of his research has already been published in ‘In the Library of Adam Smith’ (in Changing Arts of Communication in the Eighteenth Century, P. J. Corfield and L. Hannan (eds), Honoré Champion, 2017). Şule Özler is an Associate Professor at UCLA Economics Department. She also taught at Harvard, Stanford Universities, and Koç (Istanbul Turkey) University. She won national fellowships from the Hoover Institute and the National Bureau of Economics. She worked as a consultant to the UN and the World Bank. Her work, prior to becoming a psychoanalyst, was in the areas of international trade, finance and gender economics. She published extensively in these areas, including at top journals such as the American Economic Review, Journal of Development Economics and Journal of International Economics. Her recent work focuses on psychoanalytic exami- nation of moral philosophy, and history of thought. She recently published a book with the title Psychoanalytic Studies of the Work of Adam Smith: Towards a Theory of Moral Development and Social Relations (Şule Özler and Paul Gabrinetti, Routledge, 2018). She is working on a new book on human nature in Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments. She has a psychotherapy/psychoanalysis practice in Santa Monica. Spencer J. Pack is Professor of Economics at Connecticut College. He is the author of, among other books: Capitalism as a Moral System: Adam Smith’s Critique of the Free Market Economy (Elgar, 1991); and Aristotle, Adam Smith and Karl Marx: On Some Fundamental Issues in 21st Century Political Economy (Elgar, 2010). His most recent work includes a paper ‘Rousseau’s Influence on Smith’s Theory of Unintended Consequences, the Invisible Hand and Smith’s Understanding of History’, and ‘Adam Smith, Natural Movement and Physics’, co-authored with Eric Schliesser, Cambridge Journal of Economics (forthcoming). Heather Pangle received her B.A. from Middlebury College and is a Ph.D. can- didate in political science at Boston College. She studies ancient and modern political philosophy, with a particular interest in themes of democracy, liberty, greatness, and empire. Her dissertation examines Alexis de Tocqueville and J.S. Mill’s writings on colonial empire; it explores the connections and tensions between their liberal sympathies and their support for colonial imperialism. Iago Ramos is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Salamanca where he obtained his PhD with a dissertation about the anthropological theory of Jean- Jacques Rousseau, published by EUSAL with the title Rousseau y el ser del hombre. Forthcoming paper ‘Rousseauistes, amis ou ennemis?’ in Annales de la Société Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the chapter ‘Rousseau: les limites