The6 soC ommunes MessiaCnoimcm iutnibeuassBt) e lloFwalslsVe )rm ont. PhotogrbayTp ihm oMtihlyle r. TIMOTHY MILLER 60s The Communes Hippieasn Bde yond SyracUunsiev erPsrietys s Copyrig©ht 1 99b9y S yracUunsiev erPsrietys Ssy,r acuNseew,Y or1k3 244-5160 AllR ighRtess erved FirEsdti ti1o9n9 9 020 30 4 050 6 6 5 4 3 2 Thep apeurs eidn t hipsu blicamteieottnsh em inimurme quiremoefAmn etrsi can NationSatla ndaforrdI nformaStciioenn cPeesr-maneonfcP ea peforr P rintLeidb rary MateriAaNlSIsz ,3 9.48-1984.@ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATOIN DATA MillTeirm,o th1y9,4 4- The6 osc ommune:hs i ppiaensdb eyondT/i mothMyi ll.e r p. cm. Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecraealnn cdie nsd ex. ISBN0 -8156-28(1c1l-o:0t alk h.p aperI)S BN0 -8156-0(6p0b1k-alk.x.: p aper) I.C ommunalli vinUgn-iteSdt ate2s.. U niteSdt ates-Scoocnidailt ions- 1960-198I0.T. i tleI.IT .i tlSei:x tcioemsm unesI.I IT.i tlHei:p piaensd beyond. HQ97I.M5159 99 307.77'4'0973-dc21 99-37768 Manufactureid nt hUen iteSdt atoefAms e rica ForM ichGraeetlc)ah neJdnef )fry e TIMOTHMYI LLER isp rofesosfor re ligisotuusd iaets theU niversoifKt ayn saAmso.n g hisp reviopuusb lica­ TheQ uestfo rU topiianT wenhtC-ieenttAumrye cari: tioinss 1900-19t6h0efi) r sotf t hree voolnumc eosmm unall ifteo bep ublisbhyeS dy racUunsiev erPsrietys s. Coenntst Acknowledgments IX Introduction xm I.Se ta ndS ettiTnhge:R ootosft h1e9 6os-CEormam unes I 2.T heN ewC ommuneEsm erg1e9:6 0-1965 17 3.C ommuneBse gitnoS prea1d9:6 5-1967 41 4. Oouftt heH aighatn d Batcotk h eL and: CountercuClotmumruanle asft etrh eS ummeorf L ove 67 5.S earchfoirna gC ommonC enteRre:l igious and Spiritual Communes 92 6.S eculVairs ionaCroimemsu:n efosr S ociRaelfo rm andt heG oodL ife 128 7.E ndsa ndM eansC:o mmunaIld eologies, EconomiacnsdO, r ganization 149 8.T heP eopolfet heC ommunes 170 9.D oinIgt D:a ilLyi fient heC ommunes 192 10.M ovinOgn 225 AfterwordC:o mmunaLli faeft e1r9 75 243 1960-1975 AppendAimxe:r icCaonm muneAsc tive Notes 317 SelecBtiebdl iography 321 Index BLANKP AGE Acnkwolegdmesn t No socipahle nomenaosvn a sotp,e n-'enadnedgd e,o graph,ic culatlulryal­ lya,n di deologidciavlelraysst e h e1 96os-ceormam unatli dcea nb ea de­ quaterleyp reseinnta endy s ingvloel umTeh.i sb ooks implsye ektso proviadneo vervioefwt heg reasti egoefc ommune-buiwlidtihnigan looseclhyr onologaincdt aylp ologfriacmaelw orIkf.n othienlgs teh,e booki ni tnso teasn db ibliogrwaipllph oyi ntto waruds efurle sourfocre s those who would like to tkhneto owp imOcon.rl eyt haepb roauctt ical realitoifte hsew orlodfw ritianngdp ublishkienptgth ivso lumfreo m be­ ingat housapnadg elso ng. Thee fforotfsh undreodfsi ndividsuualpsp ortthee6d o sC ommunes Projectt haewn rdi tionftg h ibso oka,n dI t hanalklo ft hemm osts incere­ lyfo r thegire neroausss istHaenacdei.n tgh el isatr et hefo rmer( some­ timeosn goincgo)m munitartihaenmss elwvheos ,p rovidteidm ea nd hospitalitsyo-maentdi mfeoso dan d lodgiansgw ell-fionrt erviews aboutth eicro mmunaelx perienRcaemson.S end,et rhefi rsrte sidaetn t MorninSgt aRra nchd,e sersvpeesc ciraeld aimto ngt hei nterviefwoere s helpimneg l ocadtoez enosfc ommunavle ter(amnasi nilnCy a lifornaisa ) welals fo r extensainvdge e nerohuoss pitaTlhiotswyeh. o c onducttehde intervdiiedwa s h erojiocb i;n p artiacrDu,e lboraAhl tuisn,h er yoefa r travfoerli nterviedwiidfan rgm ,o rew orkt hatnh ej obr equiarneddp r­o duceadn e normoupsi loef t apree cordianngdds o cumenwtist hg reat goode nergOyt.h eirn terviewers seivnecrloaufmld y e sdt udenattts h e UniversoifKty a nsaSsh:i rlAenyd rewAsm,y BeechMeirr eckAin,g ela DilliLnigs,Da o ffing,B ilJle nseBnl,ak eJ oneAsa,r oKne tcheMlalr,i lyn Klaus, PKeetnenrC so,u rtnSehya nkLse,s lSepyee rR,o salViaeu ghatn,d TeresYao ungT.w o studenattDs a rtmouCtohl legCea,r lyLne ttaann d EriGnaf fneya,l spor ovidgeodo dfi elsdu ppotrhtr ougchl apsrso jects therEev.a G arciaan dP aulLao pez-Cacnoon tribhuetlepdfu als sistance befotrheep rojefcotr malgloyt u ndewra y.B enjamZianb locaknidA llen Butchperro vidheedl pfurle flectianodni sn formatdiuorni ntgh ep rocess asw ell. lX x A CKN OW L ED GM E NT S KristTehno rseannd JacOkm ch bothp roviduesde fubla ckfiloefs Commuinties magazitnhee,m osti mportsainntg pleer iodfiorcp arli mary materiianrl 9s6 os-ceormam unaslt udiDeasr.yAn ln Duttohne lpemde witcho ntaacntdsm ateriiansl osu theCranlo irfnianad, L ymanT owerS ar­ genptr ovidaes dt easdtyr eoafml iterraeerfrye nctehsap tr oved muosset­ ful.G eophK ozenyc'osm munadla tabapsreo vidteidm eliynof rmation repeat.eJ d.Gl oyrdoMne ltofinr spto intmeed d ownt hilsi noefi nquiry andp rovideesds enrteisaolu ractse esv ecrrailt jiucnaclt uRroebse.rT th ur­ man helpmeedt radcokw ns carmcaet eraibaolu Mti llbrook. The transcorfio pvteifirov neh undretda peisss tiilnlp roceasnsd, manyp ersomnoss,t o ft hems tudeanttt sh eU niversoifKt ayn sahsa,v e puta goodd eaolf w eclomee fforitn ttoh apth asoef t hep rojeGcitn.a Walkeorft heC enteforrC ommunaSlt udiAersc hivaetts h eUn iverosfi ty SoutheIrnnd iahnaasl onags sismtee idnt heq uesfotr information, and alshoe lpveidha e rs tudesnttai ffn t ranscribing interviews. The6 osC ommunePsr ojewcatst her eseabracchk bofonret hibso ok, andI t hankt heN ationEanld owmenfotrt heH umanitfoirei st gse nerous suppoorftt hep rojeIca tl.st oh anJka neCtr o,wW illiAanmd rewEsl,i za­ bethG ranberSgu,s aPna ulansd, them anyo theartst heU niversoifty Kansa(se specaitat lhleHy a lCle nteforrt heH umanitiwehsi,cp hr ovided af ellowshtihpag ta vmee writitnigm aned otherre sourwcheosh )e lped initianadt oep erattheeg ranptr ojefocrt m oret hatnw oy ears. Funding from theG enerRaels earFcuhn da tth e Universaintyda s abbatliecaavle supporttheewd r itionftg h eb ooka nda rger atefualclkyn owledged. A veryd ifferevnetr sioofnp artosfc haptoenre ( anad smalbli to f chapttweor) w erpeu blisahsae nda rtiicnthl ee f all1 99is2s oufeA merican Stusd_,i e andp arotf t hes horitt eimn c haptseirox n t heG esundhIenistt i­ J(aw VllayeI npdeendent tutwea sp ublisihnet dh e (LawrenKcaen,s aisn) lat1e9 9I8nw. i nt1er9 9Sz2ygy yJ:ou rnloa Af tlreanitvRee igliona nCdu let ur publisahnee dx cerfrpotm whatIh adi ntendteobd e a book-lheinsgttoh­ ryo fD ropC itayn,d a lthoutghhea ccoutnhta atp peahresr iesa d ifferent Szyygy oneI,a m gratetfuol forp ublishmiyn fgi rwsotr ko nt hes ubject andh elpitnocg l armiyfyth inkingfo rth e accoutnhtaa tp peahresr Iea .l so thanCko mmunitPyu blicatCiooonpse ratainvdCe o mmunitSye rvice, CelWeiryn e_, Incf.or,p ermisstiouo snep assafrgoems E laiSnuen dancer's GordoYna swefnor permisstiooq nu oteex tensifrvoeml hyi se xcellent memoi"rS unriHsielC lo mmunitPyo:s Mto rtem;a'n1dH arperCollins for permisstiouo sneA lleGni nsberpgo'esma boutth eM errPyr anksters atL aH onda.