Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 605 Liviu Moldovan Adrian Gligor   Editors The 16th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering Inter-Eng 2022 Conference Proceedings Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Volume 605 SeriesEditor JanuszKacprzyk,SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences, Warsaw,Poland AdvisoryEditors FernandoGomide,DepartmentofComputerEngineeringandAutomation—DCA, SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering—FEEC,Universityof Campinas—UNICAMP,SãoPaulo,Brazil OkyayKaynak,DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicEngineering, BogaziciUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey DerongLiu,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,Universityof IllinoisatChicago,Chicago,USA InstituteofAutomation,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China WitoldPedrycz,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,Universityof Alberta,Alberta,Canada SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland MariosM.Polycarpou,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering, KIOSResearchCenterforIntelligentSystemsandNetworks,UniversityofCyprus, Nicosia,Cyprus ImreJ.Rudas,ÓbudaUniversity,Budapest,Hungary JunWang,DepartmentofComputerScience,CityUniversityofHongKong, Kowloon,HongKong The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest developmentsinNetworksandSystems—quickly,informallyandwithhighquality. Originalresearchreportedinproceedingsandpost-proceedingsrepresentsthecore ofLNNS. VolumespublishedinLNNSembraceallaspectsandsubfieldsof,aswellasnew challengesin,NetworksandSystems. The series contains proceedings and edited volumes in systems and networks, spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics, Social Systems, Economic Systems and other. Of particular value to both the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid disseminationofresearchoutput. Theseriescoversthetheory,applications,andperspectivesonthestateoftheart andfuturedevelopmentsrelevanttosystemsandnetworks,decisionmaking,control, complexprocessesandrelatedareas,asembeddedinthefieldsofinterdisciplinary andappliedsciences,engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,social,and lifesciences,aswellastheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem. IndexedbySCOPUS,INSPEC,WTIFrankfurteG,zbMATH,SCImago. AllbookspublishedintheseriesaresubmittedforconsiderationinWebofScience. ForproposalsfromAsiapleasecontactAnindaBose([email protected]). · Liviu Moldovan Adrian Gligor Editors The 16th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering Inter-Eng 2022 Conference Proceedings Editors LiviuMoldovan AdrianGligor FacultyofEngineeringandInformation FacultyofEngineeringandInformation Technology Technology “GeorgeEmilPalade”University “GeorgeEmilPalade”University ofMedicine,Pharmacy,Science ofMedicine,Pharmacy,Science andTechnologyofTârguMures¸ andTechnologyofTârguMures¸ TârguMures¸,Romania TârguMures¸,Romania ISSN 2367-3370 ISSN 2367-3389 (electronic) LectureNotesinNetworksandSystems ISBN 978-3-031-22374-7 ISBN 978-3-031-22375-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22375-4 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Theseproceedingscontainresearchpapersthatwereacceptedforpresentationatthe 16thInternationalConferenceInter-Eng2022“InterdisciplinarityinEngineering”, whichwasheldduringOctober6–7,2022,inthecityofTârguMures¸,Romania.Itis aleadinginternationalprofessionalandscientificforumforengineersandscientists topresentresearchworks,contributionsandrecentdevelopmentsaswellascurrent practicesinengineering,whichisfallingintoatraditionofimportantscientificevents takingplaceatFacultyofEngineeringandInformationTechnologyinthe“George EmilPalade”UniversityofMedicine,PharmacyScience,andTechnologyofTârgu Mures¸,Romania. Inter-Engthisyearmarks19yearsofexistence,thefirsteditionhavingtakenplace in2003.Meanwhile,theconferenceprestigegrewprimarilytheorganizationalaspect ofarousingtheinterestofnationalandinternationalinstitutionsinthecountryand abroadtobecomeconferencepartners.Sothisyear’seditionisorganizedincoopera- tionwiththeRomanianAcademyofTechnicalSciences,McMasterUniversityfrom CanadaandZagazigUniversityfromEgypt.TheconferencepartnersfromRomania areRomanianGeneralAssociationofEngineersinRomania,Mures¸CountyCouncil andTârguMures¸CityHall. Fromanotherperspective,theinternationalvisibilityoftheconferenceresultsis an outstanding increase, the conference proceedings in the previous eight editions Inter-Eng2013uptoInter-Eng2022beingpublishedasdedicatedissuesinElsevier’s Procedia Technology Journal, Procedia Engineering Journal, Procedia Manufac- turingJournal andMDPI’sProceedingsaswellasLectureNotesinNetworksand Systems,editedbySpringerNature,andmadeavailableinopenaccessforresearchers worldwide. These volumes are indexed in the Clarivate Analytics Conference ProceedingsCitationsIndex. Inter-Eng conference has a new structure regarding not only the organization frequencythatbecameannual,butalsotheorganizationofthesessionsbyincluding modern technologies of distance communication within an online virtual panel, which facilitates mobility and interaction of participants with reduced costs and highefficiency. v vi Preface The Inter-Eng conference is based on the assumption that one cannot conceive aharmonioussocietyinthecontemporaryrealitiesmarkedbyprofoundtechnolog- icaladvancementsintheabsenceofnewapproachesinresearch.Thethemeofthe conferenceproposinganewapproachrelatedto“Industry4.0”,thedevelopmentof a new generation of smart factories grounded on the manufacturing and assembly processdigitalization,isrelatedtoAdvancedmanufacturingtechnology,Leanmanu- facturing, Sustainable manufacturing, Additive manufacturing, and Manufacturing toolsandequipment. The conference slogan this year is “Intelligent models and systems avail- able to modern manufacturing for future sustainable technological recovery and development,resilienttounexpectedandexceptionalconditions”. ManufacturingisseverelyaffectedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.Therehavebeen other major upheavals in recent history, such as the financial crisis of 2008–2009, theeffectsofwhichwerefeltforaperiodofseveralyearsuntilthemanufacturing industryreturnedtopre-crisislevels.Itisestimatedthatthistimethecrisiswillbe atleastassevereasitwasduringthefinancialcrisis,ormaybeevenworse. Butthecurrentcrisishasadifferentcharacterfromthepreviouscriseswithsome notonlynegativebutalsopositiveaspects.Thenegativefluctuationsaremanifested duetotheshocksrecordedindemandandsupply,whichledtoperiodsofdecrease or cessation of production and a recovery to different levels in different periods of time. In addition, China’s manufacturing industry is increasingly affected, and malfunctionsareontherise.Thepositivepartisthatcompanieshavehigherequity, higherfinancialliquidityandtheexperienceofthefinancialcrisis,whichhelpsthem adapttothecurrentcrisis. The effects of the crisis are also variable depending on the sector. Where there were high production capacities still affected by the COVID-19 crisis, such as the machine tool industry, plastic injection molding machines and steel foundries, the effects of the crisis are felt more strongly because they are affected by declining investment restrictions in the automotive industry. On the other hand, the logistics sectorislikelytoexperiencemitigatedeffectsofthecrisis,andinanycaselessthan duringthefinancialcrisis,duetothegrowthofe-commerceandthestimuligenerated bygovernmentinfrastructure. Companymanagersarefacingchallenges,frommovingfromshort-termworkthat nolongersolvesthesituationgeneratedbythedeclineinlong-termdemandtoother sustainable scenarios formulated in relation to the material and human structures theyhaveandtoavoidamassivedropinthecompany’sprofit. Delaysofmanufacturingcompaniesinadaptingtotheeconomicandtechnological aspects of the pandemic will lead to low competitiveness, with adverse effects for theirfuture. To debate these challenging issues, we have organized this edition of the conference. Thisyear,theInter-EngConferencehasdistinguishedkeynotespeakers: (cid:129) Prof.Dr.habil.LaszloKovacs,UniversityofMiskolc (cid:129) Prof.Dr.RahmahElfithri,NationalUniversityofMalaysia Preface vii (cid:129) Prof.Dr.AbdelazimM.Negm,UniversityofZagazig,Egypt (cid:129) Prof.Dr.AhmadHably,UniversitéGrenobleAlpes,France (cid:129) Prof.Dr.DanCentea,McMasterUniversity,Canada (cid:129) Prof.Dr.AhmedHusseinIbrahim,UniversityofZagazig,Egypt (cid:129) Prof.Dr.BogdanRobu,UniversityofGrenoble,France (cid:129) Dr.-Ing.HarriKiiski,CEOAzomures,S.A. They are researchers with outstanding results in their field of activity, giving scientificweighttotheconference.OnbehalfoftheScientificCommittee,wethank themforattendingtheInter-Eng2022conference. During this edition of the conference are listed 75 papers distributed in four sessions.Itisremarkabletonotetheinternationaldiversityofthecontributions,with authorsfromninecountriesandfourcontinents:Bulgaria,Canada,Egypt,Finland, France,Hungary,Morocco,Portugal,RomaniaandTurkey. TheInter-Eng2022conferencesubmissionshavebeenanonymouslyreviewedby twoindependentreviewers,toensurethefinalstandardoftheacceptedsubmissions. OnbehalfofthescientificcommitteeofInter-Eng2022,wethankallreviewersfor theirhardwork. We are especially grateful to the authors who submitted their papers to this conferenceandtothepresenterswhoprovidedthesubstanceofthemeeting. TheseProceedingsbookcontainsarichexperienceoftheacademicandresearch institutionsandtheindustryondiversethemesrelatedtoadvancesandinnovationin technology.Wedohopethatresearchers,knowledgeworkersandinnovatorsbothin academiaandindustrywillfinditavaluablereferencematerial. Theseconferenceproceedingsaremadeavailablewiththeprofessionalsupport fortechnicaleditingfrom MirceaDula˘u Liviu-DorinPop Lucian-IoanDula˘u Ra˘zvanCazacu. TheInter-Engconferencebecomesatradition,andweareoptimisticthatitwill bemaintainedinfuture,contributingtothedevelopmentofemergingtechnologies invariousfields. Lastbutnottheleast,wehopethateverybodyhadagoodtimeinTârguMures¸, andweinviteparticipantsforthenextyear’seditionoftheInter-Engconference. TârguMures¸,Romania LiviuMoldovan October2022 PresidentoftheScientificCommittee AdrianGligor ExecutiveDirector Contents InnovativeTechnologies,AdvancedManufacturingandMaterials MicrostructuralandMechanicalPropertiesofDissimilarJoining ofAluminumandSteel ............................................. 3 HamzaEssoussi,FatimaZahraBougueraa,SaraOrkhis,andSaidEttaqi TheInfluenceoftheAnti-rollBarStabilizingMomentGeneration onItsDifferentConstructiveAreasThroughModeling ................ 12 AlexandruDobre Flange-TypeJointsConnectedbyPreloadedHighStrengthBolts ...... 32 IonutIacobChindris,ClaudiaPondichi-Alb,andTudorHoda , , Impact of Non-structural Road Elements on Noise Pollution, aCaseStudyinCluj-Napoca,Romania .............................. 47 MarusceacVladimir,AlexandraD.Danciu,andCiotlausMadalina ImpactofSoilTypeTransitiononCircularTunnelsBehavior .......... 57 CiotlausMadalina,MarusceacVladimir,andAlexandraD.Danciu Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Biocomposite Film Chitosan/StarchReinforcedbyFiberRaphia ......................... 68 FatimaZahraBougueraa,SaraOrkhis,HamzaEssoussi,andSaidEttaqi StudyoftheCorrosionResistanceofTitaniumImplantsInVitro AccordingtoVariationsinInfluencingFactorsandComparison withCobalt-Chromium ............................................ 77 MaryamAmhal,AnissaRegragui,ChouaibRifki,HassanChaair, AntonioMontes,andDesireéMaríaDeLosSantos Physical–Chemical and Morphological Characterization ofChitosanExtractedfromShrimpShells ........................... 87 SaraOrkhis,FatimaZahraBougueraa,HamzaEssoussi,andSaidEttaqi ix x Contents Non-destructiveTestingMethodsEmployedintheProduction ProcessesofElectronicModulesfromtheAutomaticGearboxes ....... 96 SergiuAdrianOgreanandLiviuMoldovan A Mathematical Method of Modeling Multi-wired Class ofFlexibility5CopperConductors .................................. 108 CristinaHavadtöi,DanielDragomir-Stanciu,andLiviuMoldovan 3DModellingofShoeLasts’FittingComponentstoReduceWaste inFootwearManufacturing ........................................ 122 MarianaCostea,AuraMihai,andArinaSeul Computer-Generated Shoe Lasts Using 3D Scanned Data andAnthropometricMeasurements ................................. 129 ArinaSeul,Diana-RoxanaViziteu,AuraMihai,AntonelaCurteza, andMarianaCostea StudyontheBehaviorofaBeamPrototypeforaVanRearDrive Axle .............................................................. 144 AlexandruDobreandAlexandruChiriac Study of the Properties of Some Composite Materials Used intheAutomotiveIndustry ......................................... 161 MariaLuminitaScutaru,VasileGheorghe,andMihail-MariusLimba˘san , ExperimentalStudyoftheCoefficientofThermalConductivity forMATCompositeMaterialsUsedinAutomotiveEngineering ........ 174 MariaLuminitaScutaru, VasileGheorghe, ElizaChircan, andMihail-MariusLimba˘san , Initial Evaluation of the Performances of a Sled-Type Forest Cableway ......................................................... 183 DanielLates,RazvanAlexandruInte,MihaiChirca,MariusDranca, andClaudiuOprea ContributionRegardingtheProductionofPLAProductsThrough 3DPrinting,FDMTechnology,UsedintheAutomotiveIndustry ....... 197 SorinCristianAlbu Comparison Between Acoustic Spectral Evolutions of Violins BeforeandAfterVarnishing ........................................ 210 MarianaDomnicaStanciu,SilviuMarianNastac,andAdrianaSavin IdentifyingtheConstructiveFeaturesofHistoricalViolinsUsing ComputerTomography ............................................ 223 MarianaDomnicaStanciu, SilviuMarianNastac, VasileGhiorgheGliga,andVladutPetruGutas