Textbook of Sports Medicine Basic Science and Clinical Aspects of Sports Injury and Physical Activity Edited by Michael Kjær,Michael Krogsgaard Peter Magnusson,Lars Engebretsen Harald Roos,Timo Takala Savio L-Y Woo Blackwell Science Textbook of Sports Medicine Textbook of Sports Medicine Basic Science and Clinical Aspects of Sports Injury and Physical Activity Edited by Michael Kjær,Michael Krogsgaard Peter Magnusson,Lars Engebretsen Harald Roos,Timo Takala Savio L-Y Woo Blackwell Science © by Blackwell Science Ltd a Blackwell Publishing company Blackwell Science, Inc., Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts -, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Garsington Road, Oxford, OxDQ Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd, Swanston Street, Carlton South, Victoria , Australia Blackwell Wissenschafts Verlag, Kurfürstendamm , Berlin, Germany The right ofthe Authors to be identified as the Authors ofthis Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act . All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act , without the prior permission ofthe publisher. First published  ISBN --- Catalogue records for this title are available from the British Library and the Library ofCongress Set in ‒/pt Ehrhardt by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press (India) Commissioning Editor: Stuart Taylor Managing Editor: Rupal Malde Production Editor: Jonathan Rowley Production Controller: Kate Charman For further information on Blackwell Science, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com Contents Editors and Contributors, ix Preface, xv Introduction,  Part 1: Basic Science of Physical Activity and Sports Injuries:Principles of Training . Cardiovascular and respiratory aspects ofexercise—endurance training,  Sigmund B. Strømme, Robert Boushel, Bjørn Ekblom, Heikki Huikuri, Mikko P. Tulppo & Norman L. Jones . Metabolism during exercise—energy expenditure and hormonal changes,  Jan Henriksson & Kent Sahlin . Skeletal muscle: physiology, training and repair after injury,  Michael Kjær, Hannu Kalimo & Bengt Saltin . Neuromuscular aspects ofexercise—adaptive responses evoked by strength training,  Per Aagaard & AlfThorstensson . Biomechanics oflocomotion,  Erik B. Simonsen & Paavo V. Komi . Connective tissue in ligaments, tendon and muscle: physiology and repair, and musculoskeletal flexibility,  Peter Magnusson, Timo Takala, Steven D. Abramowitch, John C. Loh & Savio L.-Y. Woo . Cartilage tissue—loading and overloading,  Karola Messner, Jack Lewis, Ted Oegema & Heikki J. Helminen . Bone tissue—bone training,  Peter Schwarz, Erik Fink Eriksen & Kim Thorsen Part 2: Aspects of Human Performance . Recovery after training—inflammation, metabolism, tissue repair and overtraining,  Jan Fridén, Richard L. Lieber, Mark Hargreaves & Axel Urhausen . Principles ofrehabilitation following sports injuries: sports-specific performance testing,  Malachy McHugh, Jens Bangsbo & Jan Lexell v vi Contents . Physical activity and environment,  Peter Bärtsch, Bodil Nielsen Johannsen & Juhani Leppäluoto . Nutrition and fluid intake with training,  LeifHambræus, Stefan Branth & Anne Raben . Ergogenic aids (doping) and phamacological injury treatment,  Ulrich Fredberg, Timo Säppälä, Rasmus Damsgaard & Michael Kjær Part 3: Physical activity:Health Achievements vs.Sports Injury . Epidemiology and prevention ofsports injuries,  Roald Bahr, Pekka Kannus & Willem van Mechelen . Exercise as disease prevention,  Ilkka Vuori & Lars Bo Andersen . Physical activity in the elderly,  Stephen Harridge & Harri Suominen . Exercise in healthy and chronically diseased children,  Helge Hebestreit, Oded Bar-Or & Jørn Müller . Disabled individuals and exercise,  Fin Biering-Sørensen & Nils Hjeltnes Part 4: Exercise in Acute and Chronic Medical Diseases . Cardiovascular and peripheral vessel diseases,  Mats Jensen-Urstad & Kerstin Jensen-Urstad . Exercise and infectious diseases,  Bente Klarlund Pedersen, Göran Friman & Lars Wesslén . Osteoarthritis,  L. Stefan Lohmander & Harald P. Roos . Exercise in the treatment oftype and diabetes,  Hannele Yki-Järvinen & Flemming Dela . Asthma and chronic airway disease,  Malcolm Sue-Chu & LeifBjermer . Amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders in athletes,  Michelle P. Warren, Jorun Sundgot-Borgen & Joanna L. Fried Contents vii . Physical activity and obesity,  Pertti Mustajoki, Per Björntorp & Arne Astrup . Gastrointestinal considerations,  Frank Moses Part 5: Imaging in Sports Medicine . Imaging ofsports injuries,  Inge-Lis Kanstrup, Hollis G. Potter & Wayne Gibbon Part 6: Sports Injury:Regional Considerations.Diagnosis and Treatment . Lower leg, ankle and foot,  Jon Karlsson, Christer Rolf& Sajkari Orava . Knee,  Lars Engebretsen, Thomas Muellner, Robert LaPrade, Fred Wentorf, Rana Tariq, James H.-C. Wang, David Stone & Savio L.-Y. Woo . Hip, groin and pelvis,  Per Hölmich, Per A.F.H. Renström & Tönu Saartok . Head,  Liying Zhang, King H. Yang, Albert I. King & Lars Engebretsen . Spine,  Jens Ivar Brox . Shoulder,  Michael R. Krogsgaard, Richard E. Debski, RolfNorlin & Lena Rydqvist . Elbow, wrist and hand,  Nicholas B. Bruggeman, Scott P. Steinmann, William P. Cooney & Michael R. Krogsgaard . Practical sports medicine,  Sverre Mæhlum, Henning Langberg & Inggard Lereim . Multiple Choice Answers,  Index, 