Textbook of Obstetrics Textbook of Obstetrics Second Edition Edited by Sudha Salhan MBBS (Hons), MD (Obstetrics and Gynecology) PGDMCH (NIHFW), CIC (IGNOU) Professor NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi Former Professor and Head Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi E-mail: [email protected] Foreword Dr Anusuya Dass The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London | Philadelphia | Panama Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd. Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 235, 2nd Floor, Clayton SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama Phone: +44-20 3170 8910 Phone: +1 507-301-0496 Fax: +44-(0)20 3008 6180 Fax: +1 507-301-0499 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Medical Inc. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. The Bourse 17/1-B, Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali 325 Chestnut Street, Suite 412 Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Bangladesh Phone: +1 267-519-9789 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977-9741283608 Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2016, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject mat- ter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book. This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought. Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] Textbook of Obstetrics First Edition: 2007 Second Edition: 2016 ISBN: 978-93-85891-79-3 Printed at Dedicated to My patients L C ist of ontributors Achla Batra Harish Chellani Professor and Consultant Professor and Consultant Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Pediatrics Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi New Delhi Anil Kumar Jain Harsha Gaikwad Consultant Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi New Delhi Anshula Gupta HP Anand Former Senior Resident Associate Professor and Consultant Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology New Delhi Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi Anukriti Verma Senior Resident Indira Ganeshan Department of Psychiatry Director Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital IRENE IVF Centre New Delhi Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi Ashok Khurana Ipsita Ray Director Lecturer The Ultrasound Laboratory Department of Pharmacology Defence Colony, New Delhi MGM Medical College, Mumbai Banashree Das JB Sharma Professor and Consultant Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Professor Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology New Delhi All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi BD Hasija Jyotsna Suri Former Consultant Senior Specialist and Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi New Delhi Deepali Garg Kavita N Singh Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi NSCB Government Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh Dheeraj Deo Bhatt Mahua Maiti Assistant Professor Former Senior Resident Department of Pediatric Cardiology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Ram Manohar Lohia PGIMER, New Delhi New Delhi Divya Pandey Manjula Sharma Assistant Professor Consultant and Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi New Delhi viii Textbook of Obstetrics Matthews Mathai PK Shah Former Professor Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital Mumbai Meenakshi B Chauhan Professor PK Verma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Professor and Consultant PG Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Anesthesia Rohtak, Haryana Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi Meenakshi Bhatt Assistant Professor and Specialist Poonam Goel Department of Pediatrics Professor Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology New Delhi Government Medical College Chandigarh Meetu Salhan Medical Officer Pratima Mittal Department of Pediatrics Professor and Consultant Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology New Delhi Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Navneet New Delhi Former Senior resident Puja Jain Government Medical College Former Senior Resident Chandigarh Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Niharika Dhiman New Delhi Assistant Professor Rahul Manchanda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Consultant Gynecologist Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi Former Senior Resident Nivedita Sarda Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Professor New Delhi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rajesh Kumari Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College, New Delhi Specialist NS Sardeshpande Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Consultant CGHS Hospital RK Puram, New Delhi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rajesh Rastogi Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai Consultant Padmabati Rath Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Documentation Officer Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital National Institute of Social Defence, New Delhi New Delhi Pikee Saxena Rajesh Uppal Professor Radiologist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Uppal Diagnostics Lady Hardinge Medical College and Suchitra Kripalani Hospital South Extension, New Delhi New Delhi Rekha Bharti Pinkee Saxena Assistant Professor Pool Officer Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital Vardhman Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi New Delhi