UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff TTeennnneesssseeee,, KKnnooxxvviillllee TTRRAACCEE:: TTeennnneesssseeee RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd CCrreeaattiivvee EExxcchhaannggee Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2016 TTeemmppoorraalliittyy aanndd TTrrooppee:: AA TThheeoorreettiiccaall PPrreeccuurrssiioonn ttoowwaarrdd tthhee QQuueessttiioonn ooff AAlllluussiioonn aass MMeettaapphhoorr Donald Nicholas Shultz The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Shultz, Donald Nicholas, "Temporality and Trope: A Theoretical Precursion toward the Question of Allusion as Metaphor. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3664 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Donald Nicholas Shultz entitled "Temporality and Trope: A Theoretical Precursion toward the Question of Allusion as Metaphor." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in English. Thomas F. Haddox, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Allen Dunn, Ben Lee, Richard Aquila Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Temporality and Trope: A Theoretical Precursion toward the Question of Allusion as Metaphor A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Donald Nicholas Shultz May 2016 ii The moral right of the author has been asserted. iii For those I love, alive and dead. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to take this opportunity to express my gratitude for those who have helped me. At the age of fifteen, the late Erma Konitsky introduced me to Frost, Dickinson, and Thoreau, having chosen to use her Ph.D. to teach high school English in her hometown. At sixteen, Mark Previte, who would earn an EdD while teaching high school, introduced me to the study of formal philosophy with a selection from The Republic. As an undergraduate, I benefited from the efforts of Judith Haqan Villa, the generosity of Maurice-Kilwein Guevara, and the joie de vivre of T. Kenneth Wilson. While earning an MFA, I gravitated toward literature courses because of the teaching of Paul Bové, Marcia Landy, and Philip E. Smith. I extend my thanks to Richard Aquila for his willingness to continue as a member of my committee after becoming Professor Emeritus, without ever having mentioned his change in status; to Ben Lee, for his continued and genial involvement after my initial focus on poetry vanished; to Allen Dunn for his questions, and, especially, on two separate occasions, his suggestion of works that led me on a path radically different from that proposed in the prospectus; and to Tom Haddox for his good sense, for his essential questions that helped me to frame the project, and for his beneficent patience expressed in many forms. I thank my brother Luke, who demonstrates refusal in its best expression. For various types of support, I thank my wife's parents, John and Sumiko Heald; and my parents, Donald R. and Valerie Shultz. I gladly bear an immense debt to you, Cynthia, and have for seventeen years. v And, most of all, I owe the existence of this dissertation to the joys, Ingrid and Margheretta. vi ABSTRACT If we begin with Fredric Jameson's summation that High Modernism concerns itself with temporality, while postmodernism concerns itself with space, how do we trace the exchange of the object of concern? Moreover, did philosophical preoccupations precipitate this supplantation of questions of time by those of space? To attempt to answer this question, we examine two distinct areas of critical theory, cultural theory and deconstruction, as presented within the oeuvres of Jameson and Jacques Derrida, respectively. The question of temporality leads herein to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, and a critique of the variations on Heidegger's conceptualizations of temporality created by Jameson and Derrida, and the role of those variations within the broader pursuit of critical theory. Ultimately, this dissertation functions as preparation for an examination of the moment at which, we preliminarily posit, the focus of literary studies transfers from time to space: Late Modernism. While Jameson does not forward this argument, we rely on his nomenclature and distinction. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The Elevation of Spatiality over Temporality in Fredric Jameson's Map of Time 5 A. The Territory 5 B. Uneven Development, by Quadrants, by the Whole Map 18 C. "Nihil est sine ratio." 28 D. Die Rückerklärungen 35 E. Endless Temporal War without Death 43 Chapter 2: Deconstruction, Différance, Death: Jacques Derrida’s Dependence on Dia-Synchrony to Form the Center of His Theory 48 A. Beyond Nothing: Différance and Its Temporality 48 B. A Metaphysician Standing on His Head Is Yet a Metaphysician 55 C. Before Nothing 70 D. The Center Holds 79 E. Cutting the Derridean Knot 89 Chapter 3: The Third Time, or, the Remembrance, and Subsequent Consideration, of the Possibility of the Function of Heideggerean Ecstatic Temporality 99 A. The Ghost of Wyndham Lewis 99 B. Is There a There There? 108 viii C. Not Species/Genus 120 D. The Death of Deathless Being 138 E. The Moving Finger of Stream of Consciousness Critical Theory 148 Chapter 4: The Use of Specific Tropes to Represent and Supplement Varying Conceptualizations of Temporality, and the Relation of Those Tropes to the Copula 166 A. A Core of Time: "A hierarchy which can be attained, I think" 166 B. The Impossible Copula and the Impossible I 181 C. Is Is 197 D. The Problem of One Temporality for All Time 210 Epilogue: A Simple Extended Metaphor for the Interplay of Synchrony, Diachrony, and Ecstatic Temporality 220 Works Cited 226 Vita 238