PUBLICATIONS OF THE JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL LATIN 11 PUBLICATIONS OF THE JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL LATIN A publication of The Medieval Latin Association of North America General Editors: Michael W. Herren, C.J. McDonough, Gernot Wieland Associate Editors: Alexander Andrée University of Toronto Bernice M. Kaczynski McMaster University John Magee University of Toronto Greti Dinkova-Bruun Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies Jean Meyers University of Montpellier Carin Ruff Independent Scholar David Townsend University of Toronto Advisory Board: Walter Berschin University of Heidelberg James P. Carley York University Paolo Chiesa University of Milan Michael Lapidge Clare College Cambridge Andy Orchard Pembroke College Oxford A.G. Rigg University of Toronto Danuta Shanzer University of Vienna Brian Stock University of Toronto Jan M. Ziolkowski Harvard University TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF GERNOT R. WIELAND Edited by Greti Dinkova-Bruun and Tristan Major F © 2017 Brepols Publishers n.v. Turnhout, Belgium All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D/2017/0095/94 ISBN 978-2-503-56843-0 e-ISBN 978-2-503-56844-7 DOI 10.1484/M.PJML-EB.5.110558 Printed on acid-free paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Introduction MEDIEVAL GLOSSING TRADITIONS 3 SINÉAD O’SULLIVAN, Text, Gloss, and Tradition in the Early Medieval West: Expanding into a World of Learning 25 DAVID TOWNSEND, Passing over Queerness: Silence and Sexual Heterodoxy in Walter of Châtillon’s Alexandreis 43 SIÂN ECHARD, Palimpsests of Place and Time in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britannie 61 LUCIA KORNEXL, Qwerby knowyst … ? – Tracing the Origin of “Signs” in Late Middle English Latin Grammar Texts ANGLO-SAXON LITERATURE 83 TRISTAN MAJOR, Ælfric of Eynsham and Self-Translation 111 FRANS VAN LIERE, The Old English Hexateuch Cotton Claudius B.IV and its Readers 123 PATRIZIA LENDINARA, A Poem for All Seasons: Alcuin’s “O vos, est aetas” MEDIEVAL LATIN LITERATURE: TEXTS AND CONTEXTS 149 SCOTT G. BRUCE, Clandestine Codices in the Captivity Narratives of Abbot Maiolus of Cluny 163 ALEXANDER ANDRÉE, The Virtues of a Medieval Teacher: ingenium and memoria in the Twelfth Century 173 GREGORY HAYS, The Dissuasio Valerii and its Commentators: Some Supplementary Notes MEDIEVAL LATIN LITERATURE: TEXTS AND MANUSCRIPTS 203 MICHAEL W. HERREN, An Eleventh-Century Travel Phrase-Book in Demotic Greek 211 GRETI DINKOVA-BRUUN, How Do Waters Stay Above the Firmament?: British Library, MS Additional 62130 and its “De aquis supra firmamentum questio quedam” 223 Gernot R. Wieland: Bibliography, 1975–2016 231 Index of Manuscripts 235 General Index (Authors, People, Places, and Texts) Introduction Tristan Major Qatar University Gernot Rudolf Wieland has been influential to a number of scholars with whom he has interacted during his career as Professor of English at the University of British Columbia, as a Humboldt Fellow in Munich, and as general editor of The Journal of Medieval Latin. He has been at the forefront of his field for his careful and influential work on medieval glosses, his insights into aspects of Anglo-Saxon literature, and his research and editorial work on medieval Latin literature. In 1976 Wieland successfully defended his dissertation at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, under the supervision of A.G. Rigg.1 At the time, the field of Anglo-Latin studies was beginning to enter the first stages of its maturity,2 as it became increasingly recognized that Anglo-Latin literature exhibits unique features stemming from an educational system that focused on teaching the reading of specific late antique and early medieval Latin texts.3 There had developed a growing realization of the influence that late antique Christian Latin poets had on the literary production of Anglo-Saxon literature. Not only were manuscripts of Arator, Boethius, Juvencus, Lactantius, Prudentius, and Sedulius, among others, produced and conserved in Anglo-Saxon England, but they were also read and frequently glossed. Wieland’s dissertation, which would provide the basis for his influential book, The Latin Glosses on Arator and Prudentius in Cambridge University Library MS Gg.5.35, provided not only an in-depth analysis of the reception of Arator and Prudentius 1 “The Latin Glosses on Arator and Prudentius in University Library, Cambridge, MS. Gg.5.35” (Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1976). Wieland later honoured his Doktorvater by co-editing a volume of essays with Siân Echard: Anglo-Latin and its Heritage: Essays in Honour of A.G. Rigg on his 64th Birthday, ed. Siân Echard and Gernot R. Wieland, Publications of the Journal of Medieval Latin 4 (Turnhout, 2001). 2 See, especially, the seminal articles by Michael Lapidge, “Three Latin Poems from Æthelwold’s School at Winchester,” Anglo-Saxon England 1 (1972), 85–137; repr. in Anglo- Latin Literature, 900–1066 (London, 1993), pp. 225–77; and “The Hermeneutic Style in Tenth-Century Anglo-Latin Literature,” Anglo-Saxon England 4 (1975), 67–111; repr. in Anglo-Latin Literature, 900–1066, pp. 105–49. 3 Fittingly, many of these texts can be found in Cambridge, University Library, MS Gg. 5.35, the contents of which are described by Wieland in A.G. Rigg and Gernot Wieland, “A Canterbury Classbook of the Mid-Eleventh Century (the ‘Cambridge Songs’ Manuscript),” Anglo-Saxon England 4 (1975), 113–30, at pp. 120–29. 10.1484/M.PJML-EB.5.113250: ix–xix © FHG ix x Major through glosses in Anglo-Saxon England, but also a methodology for understanding how Anglo-Saxon glossators structured their elucidations of texts.4 From examining glosses in Cambridge, University Library, MS Gg.5.35 (henceforth CUL Gg.5.35) Wieland discerned five categories for interpreting glosses. Previously, glosses had been thought to be used primarily for lexical purposes and, for that reason, bilingual glosses, which could inform the meaning of words in the vernacular languages (or vice versa), took the chief place of research. This emphasis on research of bilingual lexical glosses, however, ignored vast quantities of non-lexical information in the much more frequent Latin-Latin glosses of the early Middle Ages. Wieland’s early publications made a strong case for broadening research on all types of glosses, which he ordered in the following categories: glosses on prosody, lexical glosses, grammatical glosses, syntactical glosses, and commentary glosses.5 By giving a clear framework for understanding lexical and non-lexical, monolingual and bilingual, glosses, Wieland was able to provide a window into the late Anglo-Saxon classroom, a topic that occupied much of his subsequent research. Specifically, he argued that the range of types of glossing, as well as their sporadic appearance across texts of varying degrees of difficultly, most plausibly reveals the interests of a teacher in the Anglo- Saxon classroom.6 Wieland’s approach gave insight into the practical function of the different categories of glosses as well as an explanation for the puzzling fact that manuscripts are often only selectively glossed. He argues that this selectivity makes better sense as a teaching aid for which the glosses act more as a reminder for the teacher to include certain material in the lesson than as an aid for students reading the texts with insufficient Latin. Moreover, the order of texts in CUL Gg.5.35 reveals a progression of level of difficulty in language and interpretative depth of the texts. The first part of the manuscript begins with Juvencus, whose Latin is relatively easy, and ends with Boethius, whose Latin is relatively difficult. The interesting and important implication is that CUL Gg.5.35 reveals not only a late Anglo-Saxon curriculum of Christian Latin poetry but also how that poetry was actually taught. 4 Gernot Wieland, The Latin Glosses on Arator and Prudentius in Cambridge University Library MS Gg.5.35, Studies and Texts 61 (Toronto, 1983). 5 Latin Glosses, passim; and Gernot Wieland, “Latin Lemma – Latin Glosses: The Stepchild of Glossologists,” Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 19 (1984), 91–99, at pp. 96–97. Idem, “Interpreting the Interpretation: The Polysemy of the Latin Gloss,” The Journal of Medieval Latin 8 (1998), 59–71, at p. 60, refines these categories to prosodic, lexical, morphological, syntactic, commentary, and textual; see also idem, “Gloss and Illustration: Two Means to the Same End?,” in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts and their Heritage, ed. Phillip Pulsiano and Elaine M. Treharne (Aldershot, 1998), pp. 1–20, at 5. 6 Wieland, Latin Glosses, pp. 196–98.