g o o J t o 5 inkodüclion vl howlo usoli ls boot yll 1+ o prcnuncielgiounid o h 01 èqülósns q uiónw? hoEw ho? I basicco urlesi.e ass kinagn dg ivinnga me.s . askinwgh op eopaler e. sayinwgh oy oua re 0Z edod óndeos ?w heracr ey ouf ron? 10 askinwgh erpee opaler eÍr om. sayinwgh ere youa rêÍr om. nationalities 03 másE oDrVod .m lsr.on orea bouyto arsel1Í 8 sayinwgh eryeo uli vea ndw ork. numbers (F20. addresses 04 t36moa slãUd,h?o wa rey ou? n askinagÍ lepr eopalen ds ayinhgo wy oua re. wherteh ingasr e. tempbraarnyd Dermans6tnatl €s 05 nuostrafasm lllaosu rÍ amiries 34 d€scÍibinÍga milio. ss ayinwgh abt elongs to whom. sayingth ereis an1t herca rc 0ô onm oulmleíúnoo vinga ruund 43 numb€rs2 1+1. date.s goinga nd Íeturningm eanosf t ransPort ' 07 llo0adrsy salldasa /,!ã/sa ndd spaftures5 8 numbe3rs2 -19.9 dayso Ít hew ee.k timeso Íd ay. arrivinagn dle aving OE d.sôosy oxfg!Íclesw lsheasn dr cquests03 saylnwg iaty ouw an.t syingw hayt ou wouldli ke. seyinwg lìayi oun eed. buyintgic keh 09 0uú0ry p|tLrlncl.r tasteesn dD retercncês 70 sayinwg hayt oul ike. sayinwg fiayt ou dontl ike. sayinwgh eyt oup refer t0 cos.3p utontlr3 personaml attoÍs talkinga boupt olsonaalc ttuitle. sta lking aboupte oplisn 0 eneral 11 eíür amlgohae tweetrnle nds 86 talkintgo Í emilayn dfÍ lends 12 dássr conocÍm akeyo urseklfn own n moÍ8o nn umbe.r c0 eÍsondaol cuments g9 13 onarâathome houseasn dÍl ats. roomasn dfu mituÍ€ 14 ol llsmpoll brr ÍÍerÍ ,lnd 106 spoÌtasn dk sepinÍigt . museumlhso, atres, c0ncerts 15 yfelandpo0 ÍE rp.fa fiavellinign SWin 113 askinfgo ra ndg ivindgl rectio.ns drivinign S pain 16 nom os lontoD l6n/ dontÍ edwl erl 121 minoar ilmen.t ss implree meditemsm thec hemist 17 Ytmord oc omDÍ /eÍ'sg os hopping 130 shopplningh € maÍke. ts hoppining tie deoaÍtmesntot re 18 Gomfonyd toc hfondoe atinagn dd rinking13ô oÍdorinag t ek€-away. goingt0 thec aÍé. Spanisdhis heasn dw ino.s gointgo ther estauÍant 19 asunfopsÍ áclfcosso mep acticanl atterc 14ã changinmgo ne.y b uyinsgÌ amp.s Í inding a lavato.r yu sintgh et elepho.n eem ergencies 2D hablanddoo ll iômpo talkinagb outth ew eather 162 thew eathÍeorr eca.s pt ointosÍ t hec ompass 21 panf oÍminar.a..n díi nally... 158 accenatsn dd ialêc.t ss ignas ndn olics.s theg ÍammoaÍrS panish talin! it lüdlroÌ 16Íl solf-asssssmtoonstl s 166 koylo thee xoÍcisos 1ô9 toyl o thos oll-assossmloenslb 182 SpanlsHn0lisvio cebulary 184 EngllslÈìSpaYnolsclar DülaÍy 188 8uDloIcnld er 193 The symbols tr This indicates that the recording is recommendedf or the Íollowing section. a This section gives information about liÍe in Spain. lrì ll II ã i+ o C- L g So you want to leam Spanish.W elcome,t hen, to one of the o world's great languages!I n terms of numbers, Spanish is one of the most widely spoken tongues: as well as the nearly 40 million speakers in Spain, there are at least six times úat t+ number in oúer parts oÍ úe world, principally, of course, in oII Central and South America. How much Spanish you wish or need to learn is a matter of personal choice or circumstance. You can acquire sufficient social and survival skills to 'get by' on holiday in Spain in a ã mâtter of a few weeks. At the other end of úe spectrum, you can make the study of úe language a life's work - Spanish is one of úe main sourceso f European culture and literature. The aim of this book, howeveq is modest. We aim to give you enough language abiÌity to understand and to make yourself understood in not-too-complicated everyday situations; we aim also to give you a Íoundation Íor funher study if, as we hope, you acquire a love for the language and its people and want to take your studies funher. Though úis book is designed to help you leam by yourself, dont forget that language is above all else a social âctivity: try to find every occasion to listen to Spanish and if possible to speak it, however haltingly. Spaniards greatly appreciate any effort people make in their language, of which they are proud, and are usually quite flattering about your effons. So your confidence receivesa boost and you are inspired to try further. Confidence is half the banle in learning to speâk another language.N ever be aÍraid to have a go; don't worry too much about making mistakes - the main thing is to comrnunicate. IÍ you are successfuli n getting your meaning across,t hen you are successfuli n using the language, How to use this book Units1 -1í You must study the first 11 units in order; as you do so, you will find you are acquiring many useful language uses, but úey are not grouped in any sort of topic area. They are based on what we call langllage functions, whir,h arc useso Í languaget hat can apply to a wide variety oÍ situations. Each of the fust 11 units includes at least one dialogue or a descriptionb y a Spanishc haractero f an aspecto Í úeir ãveryday life. It is important to listen to (or read) this mâteÌiâl at leâst twice; work out the meaning for yourselÍ as far as you can, but use the list oÍ key words and phrasesg iven below each dialogue or passaget o help you. The Language poiats and Comentario I sections in these units explain how úe Spanishi n úe material you have just studied is puJ togeúer and sometimes include relevant background lnloÍnatlon too. The Actividad (exercise) section(s) in each unit gives you the opportunity to try out the Spanisht hat has been explained in the unit so far. The Key is at the back of the book. If you have difficulty rarith an item in the Actividades, try solving úe problem Íirst oÍ all by looking again at the Spanish in the dialogues oÍ passâges,b eÍore using the Key as a last resort. Howeveq do check the Key when you've done each exercise- it is imponant to go back over material in areas where you are making errors, rather thân carrying on regardless, which is bound to get you into trouble later! ú you Íind you are making a large number oÍ errors, try tâking things more slowly anã practising the phÍases more as you go thÌough the mâteÍial in the unit - don't try an Actividad until you are pÍetty suÍe you have understood everything úat precedes it, as you will find that iÍ you rush you mâke less progress in the end, IÍ you have the recording, make good use oÍ úe pause button - it's good Íor your pronunciation and your memory to repeat phrasesa s oÍten as possible. Finally in each of Units 1-10, there is a shon test - Self- evaluation, which enablesy ou to check whether you can now do some oÍ the languâget âsks coveÍed by thât unit, The answeÍs to tlìese tests are also given in the Key, Always check your results in úe test, and reüse the unit until you can do it without errors before you go on to the next unit. A úorough undersanding oÍ everything in Unit 1 is essentialf or you to succeedi n Unit 2, and so on. Units1 2-21 The next nine units, numbered 12 to 20, are based,a s you will see,o n broad topic areas.T hey can be taken in any order, which enablesy ou to learn Íirst how to cope with shopping, say (Unit 17), if this is what you feel you need to tackle before anything else. Units 12-20 do not have â SelÍ-evaluation, as each unit is not dependent on úe previous one, and only some have Language poin(s) sections.U nit 21 is a final summing up, and úere is some extra vocabulary at the end. Try to use úe book little and often, raúer úan for long stretchesa t a time. I*ave it somewhereh andy, so that you can pick it up Íor just a few minutes to refresh your memory again with what you were looking at úe time before. Above all, ralÉ. Talk to other Spanish speakers or learners, if at all possible; failing that, talk to yourself, to inanimate objects, to the imaginary characters in this book (warn your farnily and friends!). If you can find someonee lse to leam along with you, úat is a great bonus. Do all the exercises.a nd do úem more úan once. even to úe point of committing them to memory. Make maximum use of the recording: play it as background, even when half your mind is on something else- in úe caq in the garden, while doing work in the house, and so on - as well as using it when you are actually studying. The main thing is to create a continuous Spanish' presence',s o úat what you are learning is always at the front of your mind, and not overlaid with the úousand and one pÍeoccupations we all have in our daily lives. Advice on effective learning is given every so often in úe course. If at any time you feel you are not making progress, in spite of having been working assiduously in the manner described above, put úe whole thing away for a day or two. Sometimes our minds need a rest to sort out and embed what we have been learning; úe surprising úing is that when we start again we often seemt o have improved in the interval when we were not consciously doing anything. E E o - t= r 5 lJ IÍ you have the recording, listen to it as you work úrough o this introductory s€ction. If you dont, follow the guidelines on how to pronounce certain letters and combinations of letters. Listening to and imitating native speakersi s of course qIT ) the bestw ay to work on your pronunciation. Spanish has no w, but it has three letters in its alphabet that do not exist as such in English. l+ The first is ch, which is pronounced as inBnglish church.You oII will find that úe words lieginning with ch have their own section in older Spanish dictionaries, between c and d. 5 The second is ll, which is pronounced like the //i ín million: Sevilla, paella, millón. In older Spanish dictionaries, words beginning with ll have their own sepaÍate section immediately after the I section - ll is a separatel etter in Spanish,t hough it GI looks like a double I in English. c The third 'new' letteÍ is ff, which is different from n, and is pronounced like the ai in oniont seffor, seiorita, Espaia. There are no common words beginning with ff. II CL So úe whole Spanisha lphabeti s as follows. If you have úe o recording, listen to hovr' it sounds when recited in Spânish. a bcchdef ghii(k) lllmn fr op qrst uvxyz Spanishv owels Spanish vowels have very pure sounds, and only one sound each, It is imponant you try to get these right: a is nearer to southern Engli sh cup thar cap; c s , m Ãana, Salamanca. e as in eg$ Enrique, Benavent€. i as ee in feex Êno, finísimo, quiquiriqú (cock-a-doodle-doo, pronounced keekeereekee). õ as in pot - never as knout or toe. Pedro, Rodrigo, Santiago de Comoostela. u as in poolt Úbeda, Burgos, Lugo. But u is silent when it occurs between g and e or i: guerra, guía, Guernica, unless it has two dots over ie Sigüenza,g üisqui luhiskyl. Spanishc onsonants Some consonants sound different in Spanish from what we are used to in English: b and v tend to be the same sound - a sort of breaúy bv: try Barcelona,V alencia,a nd Vizcaya, Álava, Bilbao, Vllaviciosa, Benavente. z is always pronounced th as in thing: Zemoru, Zafra, Zartgoza. c is pronounced the same way when followed by e or i: Barcelona, Valencia, Albacete. Now try: civilización. d is much softer than in English, especially when it is final, where it becomesa lmost ú: Madrid, Valladolid, El Cid. h is silent: Huesca, Huelva, Maladahonda, Âlhambra. I is always guttural, rather like the scottish ú in loch: Jaén, Jijona, José,J avier. g is gumral like i when followed by an e or i: Jorge, Giión, Gerona but 'hard' as in English gut when followed by a, o or u. qu always sounds k, never kw - quiosco (ÈiosÉ), Enrique, Jadraque. (The letter k only exists in Spanish in a few words of foreign origin such as kilogramo, kilómero, Kodak.) r is always trilled - one or two flips of the tongue-tip - and rr is even strong€r: Granada, Coruia, Rodrigo, Guadarrama, Torrejón. The stress rules Spanish words are stressedo n the lust sylhble iÍ they end ïn a cònsonanto úer than n or s: Valladolid,E l Escorial,S antander, Gibraltar. They are stressedo nthe syllable before /ast if they end in n or s or a voweL Granada, Toledo, Valdepeãas. If a word breaks eiúer oÍ these rules, an accent is written to show where the stess falls: José, Gifón, kilómetro, Cádiz, Málaga, civiìización. (All words ending in -ión bear this accent.) So iÍ you seea written accent, you must stresst he syllable where the âccent is plâced. The only other use of accentst hat you need to know is úat an açcent is placed on sr to distinguish sí (yês) from si (if). Now practise your pronunciation by saying these place names, and check on the map, to seew here they are. 't La Coruia 13 Santiagod e Compostela San Sebastián 14 Bilbao Burgos 15 Pamplona J 4 Zatagoza l6 BarceÌona 5 Taragona 17Valladolid 6 Salamanca 18 Zamota 7 Madiid 19ïbledo 8 Cuenca 20 Albacete 9 Badaioz 21 Cáceres 10 Sevilla 22 Córdoba 1l Granada )7 AImería 12 Málaga 24 Cádiz FRAICIA