©EntomologicaFennica.5December2012 Taxonomic study of the tribe Neohiraseini Hennemann & Conle, 2008 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae) in continental China GeorgeWai-ChunHo Ho,G.W.C.2012:TaxonomicstudyofthetribeNeohiraseiniHennemann& Conle, 2008 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae) in continental China. — Entomol.Fennica23:215–226. ThreegeneraandsixspeciesofthetribeNeohiraseiniHennemann&Conlefrom continentalChinaarerecognizedanddiscussed.Keytothegeneraandspeciesof thetribeisprovided.Anewgenusandspecies,Cheniphasmaserrifemoralisgen. n., sp. n., from Guangdong are described. The female of Neohirasea guang- dongensisChen&Heisdescribedforthefirsttime. G.W.C.Ho,HongKongEntomologicalSociety,P.O.BoxNo.73749,Kowloon CentralPostOffice,HongKong;E-mail:[email protected] Received18December2011,accepted9February2012 1.Introduction someinterestingfindingswhichcontributetothe taxonomic knowledge of Neohiraseini. A new NeohiraseiniHennemannandConle,2008isare- genus, which includes the new species, Cheni- centlyestablishedtribewhichcontainsfivegen- phasma serrifemoralis gen. n., sp. n., is de- era and is principally restricted to Indo-China scribed from Guangdong. It is characterized by area(Hennemann&Conle2008:78).InChina, thedistinctlyfin-likeserrationsofthedorso-ante- the tribe is composed of four different genera, rior and dorso-posterior carinae of mesofemora Andropromachus Carl, 1913 (= Spiniphasma and metafemora, distinctly paired tooth-liked Chen & He, 2000), Neohirasea Rehn, 1904 (= lamellaeonthemiddleofmesonotuminthefe- Paracentema Redtenbacher, 1908), Pseudocen- male,stronglydilatedandinwardlycurvedanal tema Chen, Heand Li, 2002 and Qiongphasma segment and unarmed ventro-anterior and Chen,HeandLi,2002(Hennemannetal.2008a). ventro-posteriorcarinaeofmesofemoraandme- In the monograph of Chen and He (2008), tafemorainthemale. Andropromachus, Pseudocentema and Qiong- Neohirasea is the most speciose genus of phasma are placed in Necrosciinae [Family: Neohiraseini.Atotaloffourspeciesisrecognized Diapheromeridae Kirby, 1904]. In the present from China by Hennemann et al. (2008a) and study, the systematics largely follows Henne- Chen and He (2008). The previously unknown mannandConle(2008).InChina,thetribeisre- femaleofN.guangdongensisChenandHe,2008, stricted to the southern and eastern regions isfirstlydescribedinthisstudy.Theoccurrence (Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Jiangxi,Hunan, ofN.japonica(deHaan,1842)inChinaisre-con- Zhejiang,andFujianProvinces). firmed. Recentcollectingtripstothewell-preserved Inthisstudy,threegeneraandsixspeciesof forestsofthesoutherncontinentalChinarevealed Neohiraseini from continental China are recog- 216 Ho (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 nized.Keytothegeneraandspeciesofthetribeis 3.Systematics provided.TwoHainanendemicgenera,Pseudo- centema Chen, He and Li, 2002, and Qiong- FamilyPhasmatidaeGray,1835:12. phasmaChen,HeandLi,2002,arenotdiscussed Subfamily Lonchodinae Brunner von Watten- inthepresentstudy. wyl,1893:80. Neohiraseini Hennemann and Conle, 2008: 78. Typegenus:NeohiraseaRehn,1904:84. 2.Materialandmethods This study is based on the examination of type 3.1.Generaandspeciesrecorded andnon-typematerialincollections,literaturere- incontinentalChina view,thecollectionofspecimensinvariouslocal- ities,aswellasrearingoflivespecimens.These- – GenusAndropromachusCarl,1913:48. quenceofspeciesaccountisinalphabeticalorder. – Andropromachus guangxiense (Chen & He, Thedescriptionofbodyarmatureisbasedonthe 2000:32). acanthotaxysuggestedbyRehnandRehn(1939). – GenusCheniphasmaHogen.n. MorphologicaltermsfollowBragg(1997,2001). – CheniphasmaserrifemoralisHosp.n. Thespecimensofthenewgenusandspecies – GenusNeohiraseaRehn,1904:84. examinedinthisstudywerecollecteddirectlyby – Neohirasea guangdongensis Chen and He, handornetatnightduetotheirnocturnalbehav- 2008:101,392. ior. Ahand torch was used to spot them on the – NeohiraseahongkongensisBrockandSeow- plants.Inordertopreservethecolourofthespeci- Choen,2000:123. men,specimenswerecutbetweenthesecondand – Neohiraseajaponica(deHaan,1842:135). seventhabdominaltergitefortheremovalofvis- – Neohirasea stephanus (Redtenbacher, 1908: cera by a forceps. The specimens were then 477). stuffedwithwhitecottonanddried. Thematerialmentionedinthispaperisdepos- itedinthefollowingcollections:NaturalHistory 3.2.Keytothegeneraandspecies Museum,London,England(BMNH);ChinaAg- ofNeohiraseiniHennemann&Conle,2008 riculturalUniversity,Beijing,China(CAU);In- incontinentalChina stituteofZoology,ChinaAcademyofSciences, Beijing,China(IZCAS);NaturhistorischesMu- 1. Occiputspinose,mesonotumdistinctlyswol- seum, Vienna, Austria (NHMW); Nationaal lenpre-medially Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands AndropromachusCarl,1913, (RMNH); Shanghai Entomological Museum, A.guangxiense(Chen&He,2000) China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China – Occiputsmooth,mesonotumslender,moder- (SEM);ShanghaiNormalUniversity,Shanghai, atelyexpandedposteriorly 2. China (SNU); Centre for Insect Systematic, 2. Dorso-anterioranddorso-posteriorcarinaeof UniversitiKebangsan,Bangi,Malaysia(UKM); mesofemora and metafemora protruded into Zoologisches Museum der Universität, Ham- four to six distinct fin-liked serrations; burg, Germany (ZMUH); Zoological Reference praeopercularorganonseventhsternumdis- Collection,Singapore(ZRC);ResearchInstitute tinct,keel-likeinfemale;ventro-anteriorand of Entomology, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) Uni- ventro-posterior carinae of mesofemora and versity, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (ZSU), metafemoraunarmedinmale andprivatecollectionsoffollowingpeople:Fran- CheniphasmaHogen.n., cisSeow-Choen,Singapore(FSC);Ho,G.W.C., C.serrifemoralisHosp.n. Hong Kong, China (GH) and Paul D. Brock, – Dorso-anterioranddorso-posteriorcarinaeof Brockenhurst,England(PDB).Typematerialof mesofemora and metafemora smooth or thespeciesdescribedinthisstudyisdepositedin slightlywave-likewithflattenedexpansions, ZSUandGH. praeopercular organ absent or indistinct on ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 (cid:127) NeohiraseiniincontinentalChina 217 the seventh sternum in female; ventro-ante- 3.3.1.Andropromachusguangxiense(Chen& rior and ventro-posterior carinae of meso- He,2000) femora and metafemora with two subapical spinesinmale 3.NeohiraseaRehn,1904 Spiniphasma guangxiense, Chen and He, 2000: 3. Female 4. 32(Fig.7:2). – Male 7. 4. Lateral margins of mesonotum with long Literature.OtteandBrock2005:46[Incatalogue spine-liketubercles ofworldspecies];Hennemann2007:18[Trans- N.stephanus(Redtenbacher,1908) ferred to Andropromachus]; Hennemann et al. – Lateral margins of mesonotum with small 2008a: 8 [In catalogue of Chinese species]; granulesorshortblunttubercles 5. Hennemann et al. 2008b: 49 [Redescription]; 5. Smalltomediumsize,bodylength<55mm Chen and He 2008: 202, figs.168a–d [First de- N.guangdongensisChenandHe,2008 scriptionofmale]. – Mediumtolargesize,bodylength>55mm 6. Type material. China: Holotype 1$, Mt. 6. Mesonotum>3×longerthanpronotum,abdo- Damingshan, Wuming, Guangxi Autonomous menwithdistinctposteriortubercle,hindarea Region, 23.V.1963, Yang Chikun (CAU); Para- ofmetapleurumwithlargepalemaculation type 1$, Hongtan, Huaping, Guangxi Autono- N.japonica(deHaan,1842) mousRegion,12.VI.1963,YangChikun(CAU). – Mesonotum<3×longerthanpronotum,abdo- Further material. China: 1nymph$, 400 m, men with indistinct posterior tubercle, hind Luoxiang,Jinxiu,GuangxiAutonomousRegion, areaofmetapleurumwithsmallmaculation 14.V.1999, Li Wenzhu (IZCAS); 1#, 1,000 m, N.hongkongensis Linhaishanzhuang, Jinxiu, Guangxi Autono- BrockandSeow-Choen,2000 mous Region, 2.VII.2000, Chen Jun (IZCAS); 7. Pairedspinesonanteriormarginofpronotum 1nymph$,900m,16kmJinxiu,GuangxiAuton- apparentlystraight,notcurvedforward omous Region, 31.VII.2011, Zhu Jianqing N.hongkongensis (SNU). BrockandSeow-Choen,2000 Distribution. Restricted to Guangxi (Wu- – Pairedspinesonanteriormarginofpronotum ming,HuapingandJinxiu),China. distinctlycurved,apicestowardsforward Remarks.Firstdescriptionandillustrationof N.guangdongensisChenandHe,2008 malewasprovidedbyChenandHe(2008:202). 3.4.GenusCheniphasmaHogen.n. 3.3.GenusAndropromachusCarl,1913 Figs.1a–g&2a–b Type species. Andropromachus scutatus Carl, Type species. Cheniphasma serrifemoralis Ho 1913:49,bysubsequentdesignationofZompro sp.n.,bypresentdesignation. (2002:68). Diagnosis. Related to Neohirasea Rehn, =SpiniphasmaChenandHe,2000:32.[Syn- 1904, Cheniphasma Ho is readily distinguished onymisedbyHennemann,2007:16] fromitbyserrateddorso-anterioranddorso-pos- Remarks. Four species are known from this terior carinae of mesofemora and metafemora, Indo-Chinesegenus.Areviewandredescription thoracic armature and distinctive praeopercular of Andropromachus and its synonym was pro- organinfemale;andventro-anteriorandventro- videdbyHennemann(2007)andHennemannet posteriorcarinaeofmesofemoraandmetafemora al.(2008b).ChenandHe(2000,2008)originally unarmedinmale. placed Spiniphasma Chen & He (a junior syn- Description. Small to mediumNeohiraseini. onym to Andropromachus) in Necrosciinae Dull colouration, brown to greenish brown or [Diapheromeridae Kirby, 1904]. In this study, dark brown. Both sexes apterous. Body rugose SpiniphasmaChen&He,2000isregardedasa andgranulose,bothsexesarecoveredwithmin- synonymofAndropromachusasinHennemann utebristlesthroughoutthebody.Femalerobust, (2007). male smaller and slenderer than female. Head 218 Ho (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 Fig.1.CheniphasmaserrifemoralisHogen.n.,sp.n.(scalebar0.5mm).–a.Femaleholotype,mesothorax, lateralview.–b.Femaleholotype,apicalhalfofabdomen,lateralview.–c.Femaleholotype,apicalhalfofabdo- men,dorsalview.–d.Maleparatype,apicalhalfofabdomen,lateralview.–e.Maleparatype,apicalhalfofab- domen,dorsalview.–f.Femaleholotype,mesofemur.–g.Femaleholotype,metafemur. rounded, dorso-ventrally flattened. Vertex and with two anterior mesal pronotals. Mesonotum occiputflat.Medianandthreelateralfurrowsdis- elongate,moderatelyexpandedposteriorly,with tinct.Eyesoval,smallandprotruding.Antennae anterior mesal mesonotals and posterior meso- long,reachingtotheapicesofprotarsi,sparsely notalsbeinglateradofmediancarinainfemaleor covered with short bristles. Thorax tuberculate medianlineinmale;middleofthecarinastrongly andgranuloseinfemale,spinoseinmale.Prono- elevatedwithapairoftooth-likedlamellae,apex tum rectangular, antero-lateral angles truncate, denticulateornotchedinfemale,onlywithapair ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 (cid:127) NeohiraseiniincontinentalChina 219 Fig.2.Cheniphasma serrifemoralisHogen. n.,sp.n.andNeo- hiraseaguangdong- ensisChen&He(scale bar1mm).–a.C.serri- femoralis,femaleholo- type.–b.C.serrifemo- ralis,maleparatype.– c.N.guangdongensis, female. of spines on the middle of median line in male. Distribution.Guangdong,China. Metanotumbroaderthanlong,withapairofpos- Etymology.Thisnewgenusisnamedinhon- teriormesalmetanotalsnearhindmargin.Abdo- ourofProf.ChenShuchun(Beijing)forhishuge men with few minute granules and short wrin- contribution to the taxonomic study of Chinese kles,narrowingposteriorly.Sixthtoninthtergites Phasmida. withacrest-likedstructuremedio-posteriorly,in- creased in size posteriorly in female. Second to 3.4.1.CheniphasmaserrifemoralisHosp.n. eighthtergiteswithaminutegranulemedio-pos- Figs.1a–g&2a–b teriorlyinmale.Femalepraeopercularorgandis- tinctonseventhsternum,keel-like,slightlybifur- Typematerial.China:Holotype1$,Heishiding, cated posteriorly. Operculum of female scoop- Fengkai, Guangdong Province, China, 25.VII. liked, reaching to the hind margin of anal seg- 2011, Ho Wai-Chun George (ZSU); Paratypes ment.Analsegmentofmalespiltathalfanddi- 1$ & 1nymph$, Heishiding, Fengkai, Guang- latedastwosegments,apicesthick,roundedand dong Province, 25.VII.2011, Ho Wai-Chun curved inward. Subgenital plate of male cup- George (GH); Paratypes 2#1$, Heishiding, shaped,hindmarginbroad,reachingtothebase Fengkai,GuangdongProvince,13.VIII.2010,Ho of anal segment. Cerci of both sexes short and Wai-Chun George, (ZSU, GH); Paratype flattened,apicesrounded.Legsthick-built,cov- 1nymph$, Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong eredwithlongbristles.Infemale,dorso-anterior Province, China, 17.VII.1999, Jiang Dan, En- and dorso-posterior carinae of mesofemora and 391023(ZSU). metafemora sparsely protruded into four to five Descriptionoffemale.Mediumsize.Bodyro- fin-liked serrations. Ventro-anterior and ventro- bust, granulate and tuberculate. Adult from posteriorcarinaeofmesofemoraandmetafemora browntogreenishbrownordarkbrown.Colour indistinctly elevated with flattened serrations. ofnymphsimilartoadult,butusuallywithpink- Dorso-anterior and dorso-posterior carinae of ishwhitelongitudinalmedianstriperunningfrom mesotibiaeandmetatibiaedistinctlywithtwoto occiputofheadtoseventhabdominaltergum. threewave-likedelevations.Inmale,allcarinae Head. Rounded, dorso-ventrally flattened, ofprofemoraandtibiaeunarmed.Ventro-anterior slightly longer than wide, moderately expanded andventro-posteriorcarinaeofmesofemoraand posteriorly,andnotdistinctlyconstrictedathind metafemoraslightlyandindistinctlywavedwith margin.Vertexflat,withtwoovalandcarinatede- elevations. pressions between the base of antennae, size 220 Ho (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 smallerthaneyes.Hindmarginofheadwitheight butlessthanonthorax,coveredwithminutebris- smallswellings.Occiputflat,withseveralsmall tlesasthoraxanddistinctlyrugose.Medianseg- granules, median and three lateral furrows dis- mentfusedwithmetanotum,granulose,2×wider tinct,anteriorendofthemedianfurrowreaching thanlong.Thirdtosixthtergitesequalinlength. totheposteriormarginofthedepressions,poste- Eighth tergum as long as tergum nine. Sixth to riorendofthemedianfurrowreachingtothehind ninthtergiteswithacrest-likedstructuremedio- margin of head. Eyes oval, small, protruding, posteriorly,increasedinsizeposteriorly,apexob- lightbrown.Antennaeof38–42segments,brown tuse. Praeopercular organ on seventh sternum as body, some segments darker, reaching to the distinct,keel-like,slightlybifurcatedatposterior. apicesofprotarsi,aboutthetotallengthofhead Anal segment with median and lateral carinae, andthoraxcombinedtogether,sparsely covered withtwoemarginationsathindmargin,postero- withbristles;thefirstsegmentflattenedatbase, lateral angles rounded. Subgenital plate scoop- slightly parallel-sided, median carina distinct, liked,mediancarinadistinct,reachingtothehind longer than third segment; second segment margin of anal segment. Cerci very short, flat- shorterthanthefirstsegmentandaslongasthird tened, apices pointed, not exceeding anal seg- segment;terminalsegmentalmostaslongasthird ment. segment,apicespointed. Legs. Thick, forelegs densely covered with Thorax.Withbristles,granulationsandtuber- longbristles,butlessandshorteronmidlegsand cles. Pronotum rectangular, shorter than head, hindlegs. Profemora curved basally, nearly as slightly emarginated pre-medially and moder- long as mesonotum. Dorso-anterior and dorso- ately expanded in posterior half, antero-lateral posterior carinae of profemora slightly waved anglestruncate;anteriormarginwithtwoanterior with elevations, very indistinct. All ventral blunt mesal tubercles, apices towards forward; carinae of profemora unarmed. Dorso-anterior posteriormarginrounded,withsmallinter-poste- carinaeofmesofemoraandmetafemorasparsely riorandposteriorgranules;transversesulcusand protruded into five small triangular serrations, longitudinal sulcus crossing at the center of the equal in size. Dorso-posterior carinae of meso- pronotum, with pre-median and post-median femora and metafemora roughly protruded into granulesbeinglateradofthelongitudinalsulcus. four to five fin-liked serrations, median ones Mesonotumelongate,rugose,granuloseandwith largerthanothers.Theserrationsondorso-poste- minutebristles,3.5×longerthanpronotum,mod- rior carina of mesofemora generally larger than erately expanded posteriorly; tegmina reduced, the serrations on dorso-anterior carina. Ventro- scale-liked,placedpostero-laterally;lateralmar- anteriorandventro-posteriorcarinaeindistinctly ginswitharowofgranules,somelarger,anterior elevatedwithflattenedserrations.Medio-ventral marginwithapairofshortmesaltubercles,near carinaofmesofemoraandmetafemoraunarmed. hindmarginwithapairofshortposteriortuber- Protibiae unarmed. Dorso-anterior and dorso- clesbeinglateradoffaintmediancarinaandmid- posterior carinae of mesotibiae and metatibiae dle of the carina elevated with a pair of tooth- slightlywithtwotothreewave-likedelevations, liked lamellae, apex denticulate or notched. notdistinct.Allventralcarinaeofmesotibiaeand Mesopleurum with one spine-like tubercle, one metatibiaeunarmed. granuleatposteriorareaandonetotwosmallsu- Description of male. Medium size, slender pra-coxals;lateralmarginswithfivetosixsmall body. Spinose and with few granulations. Dull granules. Metanotum broader than long, 1.5× colouration,generallybrowntodarkbrown. longer than median segment, with an short Head.Ovalandlongerthanpronotum.Vertex obliquewrinkle,withapairofposteriormesaltu- flat, with carinate oval depressions between the berclesnearhindmargin.Metapleurumwithtwo baseofantennae,sizesmallerthaneyes.Eyescir- supra-coxals, anterior one tubercle-liked, poste- cularandsmall,brown.Hindmarginwithsixin- rioronegranule-liked,marginwiththreelateral distinct swellings. Genae with broad blackish granules. Mesosternum and metasternum with postocularbandandwithacreamybrownstripe severalsmallgranulesandminutebristles. abovetheband.Antennaefiliform,reachingbe- Abdomen. Narrowing posteriorly, granulose hindtofifthabdominaltergum;thefirstsegment ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 (cid:127) NeohiraseiniincontinentalChina 221 2× longer than second segment; third segment Paratype$,bodylength54,antennae27,head4, longerthanthefirstsegment. pronotum3.5,mesonotum12.5,metanotum3.5, Thorax.Pronotumslightlyshorterthanhead, mediansegment2,profemora13.5,mesofemora parallel-sided,withapairofanteriormesalspines 11,metafemora16,protibiae14.5,mesotibiae12, atanteriormargin,basallystraight,apicesweakly metatibiae18;Paratype#,bodylength43,anten- towardsforward;transversesulcusandlongitudi- nae 28–32, head 3, pronotum 2.5, mesonotum nalsulcuscrossingatthecenter,withpre-median 10–10.5, metanotum 3.5, median segment 1.5– and post-median granules being laterad of the 1.8, profemora 13, mesofemora 10–10.5, meta- longitudinalsulcus.Mesonotummoderately ex- femora 14.5–15, protibiae 15–16.5, mesotibiae panded posteriorly, 3.7× longer than pronotum, 12,metatibiae19–19.5. witharowofpitsalongthelateralmargins,ante- Distribution. Guangdong (Heishiding), riormesalspinesplacedatanteriormargin,witha China. pairofshortposteriortuberclesbeinglateradof Remarks. The female measurement is only medianlinenearhindmarginandwithapairof giventoadult. spinesplacedatthemiddleofthemedianline;lat- Etymology.“serrifemoralis”referstothedis- eralcarinadistinct,posteriorapexreachingtothe tinct serrations on female dorso-anterior and two-thirdofthemesonotum.Mesopleurumwith dorso-posteriorcarinaeofmesofemoraandmeta- alongspineathindareaandatubercle-likedsu- femora. pra-coxalspine.Metanotumwithdistinctcarina andapairofposteriormesalspines.Metapleurum with one spine at hind area. Mesosternum and 3.5.GenusNeohiraseaRehn,1904 metasternumwithminutegranulesandbristles. Abdomen.Slender,withfewminutegranules Typespecies.Phasma(Acanthoderus)japonicum and short wrinkles. Parallel-sided from median deHaan,1842:135,byoriginaldesignation. segment to seventh tergites, expanded at eighth = Paracentema Redtenbacher, 1908: 477. tergum. Third to sixth tergites equal in length. [SynonymisedbyZompro2002:68] Mediansegmentsquare.Secondtoeighthtergites Remarks. Ten species are recognized from withaminutegranulemedio-posteriorly.Eighth thisOrientalgenus.Fourspeciesaresubstantially tergum slightly as long as the length of ninth knownfromcontinentalChina.Norecordofthis tergum.Analsegmentlongerthanninthtergum, genus is previously known from the Island of with distinct median and lateral carinae, spilt at Hainan. middleofthesegment,beingdilatedastwoseg- ments,apicesthickandrounded,andapparently 3.5.1.NeohiraseaguangdongensisChen&He, curved inward. Poculumcup-shaped, hind mar- 2008Figs.2c&3a–b ginbroad,reachingtothebaseofanalsegment. Cerci flat, apices rounded, not projecting over Neohirasea guangdongensis, Chen and He, analsegment. 2008:101,392(Figs.70a–c). Legs. Sparsely set with short bristles. Pro- femoracurvedbasally,aboutthecombinedlength Typematerial.China:Holotype1#,Heishiding, ofpronotumandmesonotumtogether,allcarinae Fengkai, Guangdong Province, 8.X.1984, Zhu unarmed. Mesofemora as long as mesonotum. Feng(ZSU). Ventro-anterior and ventro-posterior carinae of Furthermaterial.China:1nymph#,Heishi- mesofemoraandmetafemoraindistinctlywaved ding, Fengkai, Guangdong Province, 16.VII. with elevations. Dorsal carinae of mesofemora 1999, Meng Chen, En-391025 (ZSU); 1$, andmetafemoraunarmed.Alltibiaeunarmed. Heishiding,Fengkai,GuangdongProvince,20.– Measurements. Lengths (mm): Holotype $, 22.VII.2007, Jia Fenglong, En-391028 (ZSU); bodylength61,antennae33,head4.5,pronotum 1#1$,Heishiding,Fengkai,GuangdongProvin- 4,mesonotum15,metanotum4,mediansegment ce, 13.VIII.2010, Ho, G. W. C. (GH); 6#4$, 2.5,profemora16,mesofemora12,metafemora Heishiding,Fengkai,GuangdongProvince,25.– 18, protibiae 16, mesotibiae 13, metatibiae 21; 27.VII.2011,Ho,G.W.C.(GH). 222 Ho (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 lateral margins set with pits and four to eight smallgranulesandspine-likedtubercles.Meso- pleurumwithaspineatposterior,lateralmargin with four to seven small granules. Metanotum proportionallywiderthanlong,1.2–1.3×longer than median segment, with a pair of posterior mesalspinesathindarea.Metapleurumwithfour to six small lateral granules and a spine at hind area,posteriormarginwithamedialspine.Meso- sternum and metasternum with very few gran- ules. Abdomen.Narrowingposteriorly,withshort wrinkles and small granules. Median segment trapezoid,fusedwithmetanotum,2×widerthan long,withtwosmallfirstpairedposteriortuber- cles. Second tergum with two small first paired Fig.3.NeohiraseaguangdongensisChen&He(scale posterior tubercles. Seventh and eighth tergites bar0.5mm).–a.Female,apicalhalfofabdomen,lat- withadepressedspineathind.Ninthtergumele- eralview.–b.Female,apicalhalfofabdomen,dorsal vated with a crest-liked structure posteriorly. view. Anal segment slightly as long as the length of Descriptionoffemale.Smalltomediumsize. ninthtergum,butshorterthaneighthtergum,me- Body robust and granulate. Generally brown to diancarinaindistinct,withtwoemarginationsat darkbrown. hindmargin.Subgenitalplatescoop-shaped,with Head.Oval,slightlylongerthanwide,moder- a lateral longitudinal keel in basal half, apex ately tapering behind. Vertex flat, with two pointed, not exceeding the hind margin of anal rounded elevations between the bases of anten- segment.Cercismall,flattened,apicesrounded, nae.Occiputgentlyconvex,withmedianandtwo reachingtothepostero-lateralanglesofanalseg- lateralfurrows.Hindmarginwithsixsmallswell- ment. ings. Eyes small size, oval, brown. Antennae Legs. Long and thick, covered with small long,projectingbehindprotarsi,shorterthanthe setae. Profemora almost as long as mesonotum. lengthofabdomen;thefirstsegmentflattenedat Mesofemorawithapalemarkingatthemiddle. base, 1.5× longer than second segment and as Ventro-anterior and ventro-posterior carinae of longasthird,mediancarinadistinct;secondseg- mesofemora and metafemora with two small mentcylindrical,aslongasfourthsegment. subapicalserrations.Alltibiaeunarmed. Thorax.Withspines,granulationsandtuber- Measurements. Lengths (mm): Body length cles. Pronotum rectangular, shorter than head, 52–57, antennae 27–28, head 4–4.5, pronotum with two small tubercle-liked anterior mesal 3.5–4, mesonotum 11–12, metanotum 3.5, me- spines at anterior margin, apices towards for- diansegment2.5,profemora12–13,mesofemora ward;transverseandlongitudinalsulcuscrossing 10, metafemora 15, protibiae 13.5–15, atthemiddle,withtwotofoursmallgranulesbe- mesotibiae11–12,metatibiae17.5–18. ing laterad of each sides of the longitudinal Distribution. Guangdong (Heishiding), sulcus.Mesonotumwidentowardstheposterior, China. about 3× longer than pronotum, median carina Remarks.Thisspeciesisfrequently encoun- distinct,gentlyelevated,withabi-spinedhumpat teredalongthepathatHeishiding. themiddleofthecarina;pre-medianareawitha pair of long spines placed at the lateral carina, 3.5.2.Neohiraseahongkongensis apex being directed laterally; anterior margin Brock&Seow-Choen,2000 withapairofmesalspines,longerthantheante- riormesalpronotalsandhindmarginwithapair Neohirasea hongkongensis, Brock and Seow- ofposteriorspinesbeinglateradofmediancarina; Choen,2000:123(Figs.3&4). ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 (cid:127) NeohiraseiniincontinentalChina 223 Literature.Brock2002:56[Noteonthestatusin Literature. Westwood 1859: 50; Kirby 1904: Hong Kong]; Brock 2003: 50 [Note on rearing 325; Rehn 1904: 84; Brunner von Wattenwyl culture];OtteandBrock,2005:217[Incatalogue 1907: 245 [Placed in Menexenus Stål, 1875]; of world species]; Hennemann et al. 2008a: 17 Shiraki 1911: 308 [As Acanthoderus japonicus [IncatalogueofChinesespecies];ChenandHe de Haan, 1842]; Shiraki 1935: 59; Yasumatsu 2008:101,figs.71a–b. 1942:7[Illustrationsofegg];ChenandHe1987: Type material. China: Holotype 1#, Peel 57 [Firstly reported from China]; Chen and He Rise,VictoriaPeak,HongKong,10.VII.1996,F. 1992:44,fig.123;Hausleithner1992:430[Note Seow-Choen (BMNH); Paratypes 5#4$, same on data]; Bragg 1996: 111; Okada 1999: 29; data (BMNH); Paratypes 3#3$, same data Huang 2002: 86 [Illustrations of egg]; Otte and (UKM);Paratypes3#1$,samedata(FSC);Pa- Brock2005:217[Incatalogueofworldspecies]; ratypes 1#1$, same data (PDB); Paratypes Xu 2006: 61, fig.11 [Illustration of egg]; 6#6$, same data (ZRC); Paratype 1#, Hong Hennemannetal.2008:18[IncatalogueofChina Kong,1.I–31.XII.1911,F.W.Terry(BMNH);Pa- species];ChenandHe2008:106,fig.72. ratypes1#2nymph,HongKong,1.–31.V.1995, Type material. Japan: Syntype 1$, von F.Seow-Choen(UKM). Bürger, Decima, Japan (RMNH); Syntype 1$, Further material. China: 1$, Nei Lingding Japan,vonSiebold(RMNH). Island,Shenzhen,Guangdong,15.X.1998,Chen Further material. Japan: 2$, Kibune, Haitung, En-050668 (ZSU); 1$, Fung Yuen, 23.IX.1931, K. Eki (IZCAS); 1$, Shimizu, Hong Kong, 12.VIII.1996, Yip Shunyuan Kyoto, 3.XI.1931, K. Eki (IZCAS); 1$, (SEM); 1#, SamAChung, Plover Cove, Hong Korama?(Japan?),25.XI.1932,S.Yie(IZCAS); Kong, 18.VIII.2003, Lo, P.Y.F. (GH); 1$, Tei China:1$,OuYuen(Wuyuan,Jiangxi),Juilleb Tong Tsai, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, 34(1934?),YuTsehong(IZCAS);1$,Dadong- 28.VIII.2003, Lo, P.Y.F. (GH); 1$, Tai Tung shan, Lianxian Country, Guangdong Province, Shan, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, 30.VI.2008, 5.IX.1992, Chen Haiguang, En-391026 (ZSU); Ho,G.W.C.(GH);1$,VioletHill,HongKong, 3$, WestTianmushan, Linan, ZhejiangProvin- China, 11.X.2008, Ho, G. W. C. (GH); 1$, ce, 15.–28.VIII.2003, Hu Jiayao & Tang Liang Kowloon Peak, Hong Kong, 1.VI.2009, Ho, G. (SNU);1$,WestTianmushan,ZhejiangProvin- W.C.(GH);1#,TaiTungShan,LantauIsland, ce, 15.–28.VIII.2005, ZhaoMeijun(SNU);2$, Hong Kong, 20.VIII.2009, Ho, G. W. C. (GH); Nanling, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, 1$, Aberdeen Reservoir, Hong Kong, VI.2010, 21.VII.2008, Ho, G. W. C. (GH); 1nymph$, Ho, G. W. C. (GH); 1#, Black’s Link, Hong Nanling, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, Kong,19.VI.2010,Ho,G.W.C.(GH);2$,Ng 12.VI.2010,Ho,G.W.C.(GH);1$,300m,West TungChai,HongKong,29.VI.2010,Ho,G.W. Tianmushan, Linan, Zhejiang Province, 15.IX. C. (GH); 1$, Tai Po Kau, Hong Kong, 2010, He Zhuqing (SNU); 5$, Jinggangshan, 28.VIII.2010,Ho,G.W.C.(GH). JiangxiProvince,31.VII–4.VIII.2011,Ho,G.W. Distribution. Restricted to Hong Kong and C.(GH). thesurroundingGuangdongarea(NeiLingding Distribution. Guangdong (Dadongshan and Island),China. Nanling), Jiangxi (Jinggangshan and Wuyuan), Remarks.Detaileddescriptionsoffemaleand Zhejiang(WestTianmushan)andHunan,China. malewereprovidedby BrockandSeow-Choen AlsoinTaiwan(Northernpart)andJapan[Type (2000:123). locality]. Remarks. Neohirasea japonica de Haan, 3.5.3.Neohiraseajaponica(deHaan,1842) 1842wasoriginallydescribedfromJapan[Type locality]andwasrecognizedasanewdistribution Phasma (Acanthoderus) japonicum, de Haan, record to China in Chen and He (1987: 57). 1842:135(Pl.12:4). Twentyyearslater,inthemonographofChenand = Neohirasea lugens (Brunner won He (2008), the occurrence of N. japonica was Wattenwyl,1907:244).[SynonymisedbyHaus- subsequentlyregardedasamisidentificationand leithner,1992:430] was replaced by Paracentema stephanus 224 Ho (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.23 Redtenbacher, 1908. In fact, Paracentema shan (SEM); 1$, 400 m, Luoxiang, Jinxiu, RedtenbacherisasynonymofNeohiraseaRehn Guangxi Autonomous Region, 15.V.1999, Xiao (Zompro 2002: 68). The combined Neohirasea Hui(IZCAS). stephanus(Redtenbacher)isoriginallydescribed Distribution.ConfinedtoGuangxi(Baishou, from Vietnam and is substantially recorded in Guilin and Jinxiu), China. Also Vietnam [Type Guangxi only (Bi & Li 1991: 107) [See the re- locality]. marksinNeohiraseastephanus].Theotherlocal- Remarks.BiandLi(1991)firstlyreportedthe ities mentioned in Chen and He (2008: 106) occurrence of Neohirasea stephanus in China should refer to this species or/and N. guang- andgaveabriefdescriptionforthemale.Unfor- dongensisChen&Heor/and N. hongkongensis tunately,thematerialofmaleexaminedbyBiand Brock&Seow-Choen.ThedistributionofN.ja- LiwasnottracedinSEM.Therefore,itisnotsuf- ponica in China is mainly restricted to south- ficient to distinguish from N. hongkongensis easternprovincesofChina.Themountainrange Brock&Seow-ChoenandN.japonicadeHaan ofNanlingatnorthGuangdongisthemostsouth- based on the very brief description, and not in- erndistributionofthisspecies.Althoughthereis cludedinthetaxonomickey.Thedistributionof currently no substantial record of this species thisspeciesisrestrictedtoGuangxi.InChenand fromGuangxi,itcouldoccurineasternpartofthe He (2008: 106), the localities (Hong Kong, region. No male N. japonica has been recorded Guangdong [Shenzhen and Guangzhou], andthisspeciesisbelievedtoreproducebypar- ZhejiangandHunan)ofN.stephanusshouldref- thenogenesis. er to N. guangdongensis Chen & He or/and N. hongkongensisor/andN.japonica. 3.5.4.Neohiraseastephanus(Redtenbacher, 1908) Acknowledgements. Theauthorwouldespeciallyliketo thank Prof. Pang Hong (Head of Research Institute of Entomology,ZhongshanUniversity)forherkindsupport Paracentema stephanus, Redtenbacher, 1908: andloanofspecimensandDr. ZhangBinglan, Mr. Xie 477. Weicai,andMissTongBo(ResearchInstituteofEntomo- logy,ZhongshanUniversity)fortheirkindassistance.The Literature.BiandLi1991:107,figs.1–3[Firstre- authorwishestothankProf.YangXingke,Prof.YaoJian, cord of China and first description of male]; Prof.LiuHong,Dr.BaiMing,Dr.GeSiqin,andMissHu Xiaoyan (Institute of Zoology, China Academy of Sci- Brock1998:60;Bietal.2001:253[Misidentifi- ences),Prof.CaiWanzhi,Prof.YangDingandProf.Wang cation];OtteandBrock2005:246[Incatalogue Xinli and Dr. Liu Xingyue (China Agricultural Univer- ofworldspecies];ChenandHe2008:106. sity),Prof.LiuXianwei,Prof.YinHaisheng,andDr.Zhu Typematerial.Vietnam:Lectotype1$,Than- Weibing(ShanghaiEntomologicalMuseum)andDr.Tang Moi,Juni-Juli,H.Fruhstorfer,no.914(NHMW); Liang,andDr.HuJiayao(ShanghaiNormalUniversity) fortheirassistanceandaccesstothecollection.Theauthor Paralectotypes2$, Than-Moi, H. Rolle, no.914 isalsogratefultothestaffsofHeishidingNatureReserve, (NHMW). GuangdongandJinggangshanNatureReserve,Jiangxifor Further material. China: 2$, Baishou, theirfieldassistance.Theauthoralsothankstwoanony- Guangxi Autonomous Region, 30.VI–6.VII. mous referees who contributed significantly to the im- 1952, unknown collector (IZCAS); 1$, Guilin, provement of the manuscript and Miss So Wai Yan for proof-readingofthedraft.Last,butcertainlynotleast,this Guangxi Autonomous Region, 10.IX.1953, un- studywouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofMr. knowncollector(IZCAS);1$,Yanshan,Guilin, PaulBrock(NaturalHistoryMuseum,London)andDr. Guangxi Autonomous Region, 23.VI.1980, un- FrancisSeow-Choen(Singapore)whosharematerialand known collector (SEM); 1nymph$, Yanshan, literature. Guilin, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 2.VI. 1985,LiTianshan(SEM);2$,Yanshan,Guilin, References Guangxi Autonomous Region, 20.–24.IX.1988, Li Tianshan (SEM); 1$, Yanshan, Guilin, Bi,D.Y.&Li,T.S.1991:Descriptionofanewspeciesand anewrecordofPhasmatodeafromGuangxi,China Guangxi Autonomous Region, 14.VII.1989, Li (Phasmatodea:Heteronemiidae).—Contributionsof Tianshan(SEM);2$,Yanshan,Guilin,Guangxi ShanghaiInstituteofEntomology10:106–108. Autonomous Region, 6.–23.VI.1990, Li Tian- Bi,D.Y.,Zhang,W.N.&Lau,C.S.K.2001:Studyofthe