Anibersitp of Michigan Studies HUMANISTIC SERIES VOLUME XLII MICHIGAN PAPYRI, VOL. IV, Parr I TAX ROLLS FROM KARANIS PART I Vor, XLII = Parr I Vor. XLIII = Part II MICHIGAN PAPYRI P. Mich. I, Nos. 1-120 = Humanistic Series, Vol. XXIV: C, ©. Edgar, Zenon Papyri in the University of Michigan Col- lectton. P. Mich. II, Nos. 121-128 = Humanistic Series, Vol. XXVIII: A. E. R. Boak, Papyri from Tebtunis, Part 1. P. Mich. III, Nos. 131-221 = Humanistic Series, Vol. XL: Papyrt in the Uni- versity of Michigan Collection, Miscellaneous Pa- pyri, edited by J. G. Winter. P. Mich. IV, Nos. 223-225 = Humanistic Series, Vol. XLIL: Tax Rolls from Karanis, Part I, edited by H. C. Youtie. Nos. 129-130 have been published in Vol. XXII of the Humanistic Series under the title of 4 Papyrus Codex of the Shepherd of Hermas, by Campbell Bonner; No. 222 in Vol. XX XVIII of the Humanistic Series under the title of A Third-Century Papyrus Codex of the Epistles of Paul, by H. A, Sanders. MICHIGAN PAPYRI, VOL. IV Part I TAX ROLLS FROM KARANIS IN TWO VOLUMES PART I TEXT EDITED BY HERBERT CHAYYIM YOUTIE With the collaboration of VERNE BRINSON SCHUMAN AND ORSAMUS MERRILL PEARL ANN ARBOR UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS 1936 CoPYRIGHT, 1937, By Tre University or Micuican Set up and printed, December, 1936 FRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE FLIMPFION FRESS * NORWOOD + MASS. To JOSEPH VITEAU AND PAUL COLLART ἘΪ PREFACE The first of the three rolls here published was unearthed at Köm Aushim (Karanis) by sebbakkin in the early part of 1924 and turned over by the local inspector to the Department of Antiquities at Cairo. Through this channel the roll arrived at the Egyptian Museum, where it has re- mained under the accession number P. Cairo, Journal d@’enirée 57187. In the fall of 1924, after the University of Michigan had received permission to excavate at Karanis, Mr. C. C. Edgar, then connected with the Depart- ment of Antiquities, suggested to Professor A. E. R. Boak that he damp out this and other papyri which had come from Köm Aushim with the view of undertaking their publication. In the course of the winter of 1924-25 Professor Boak spent such time as he could spare from the exca- vation in damping out the papyri and in transcribing their texts. Of the long tax roll he had prepared by the end of the season a preliminary tran- script of columns 3-13 and 38-41 in addition to notes on the structure of the roll and the arrangement of the text. After his return to this country he was unable, because of the pressure of other work, to fulfil his hope of making this material immediately available to scholars. In the spring of 1931, ın order to ensure its publication within as short a period as possible, he very generously transferred to me the editorial rights which he had acquired, along with his transcript and notes. In the meantime, through the courtesy of the authorities of the Egyptian Museum and of Mr. E. E. Peterson, Director of the University of Michigan Research Expedition to Egypt, a complete set of photographs had been made available for use at the University. From these photographs both the edition of the text and the plates at the end of the volume have been made. I am indebted to the kind offices of M. Octave Guéraud for the permission given by the Egyptian Museum to include the Cairo roll in this volume. Subsequently, Dr. E. M. Husselman, our curator of manuscripts, drew my attention to the presence in our own collection of two similar rolls, which had been acquired by the University in the years 1925 and 1926. I soon determined that the three rolls together provided an unusually complete account of the daily collection of money taxes at Karanis during three consecutive years in the second half of the second century A.D. The advisability of publishing them in a single volume was evident. The length of the rolls made it necessary for me to enlist the aid of two students, Mr. Verne B. Schuman and Mr. O. M. Pearl, whose contribution was made in parttal fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of yı Vill PREFACE philosophy. Without their assistance the publication would have been delayed more years than 1 care to count. To each of them was assigned the preparation of a transcript and indexes of one of the Michigan rolls. Mr. Schuman spent more than a year in the arduous task of transcribing and indexing No. 224, which has a total of over 6400 lines. Unfortunately, his collaboration was lost to me in the fall of 1935, when he left to assume the post of assistant professor of Latin at Indiana University. Thanks to the award of an American Field Service Fellowship for Study in France by the Institute of International Education, Mr. Pearl was enabled to com- plete his transcription of No. 225 under the experienced eye and with the constant advice of my teacher, Professor Paul Collart. I have myself revised all their work and correlated the three texts. In addition to the Cairo roll and the two Michigan rolls, this volume contains a new edition of P. Iand. VII, 141. Acting on a hint from Pro- fessor Collart and with the coöperation of Professor Karl Kalbfleisch and Dr. Dieter Curschmann, Mr. Schuman and I were able to identify the Janda papyrus as the missing column 108 of No. 224. We are indebted to Pro- fessor Kalbfleisch for his permission to reédit the column in its proper place in the longer Michigan roll. In transferring the text to the printed page, I have attempted for the sake of the reader to introduce a degree of rigidity into the obvious arrange- ment followed by the scribes themselves. In a sense, I believe that with typography I have surpassed their own more or less skilful efforts to approach an ideal schematization. On the other hand, I have not resisted the palaeographer’s natural desire to follow wherever the manuscript leads; I have changed nothing. A comparison of the printed page with the plates will show that I have introduced not difference, but interpretation. Editorial correction, particularly the insertion or the deletion of letters by means of the usual symbols, has been restricted to a minimum. The spellings of the papyrus have been left untouched. “One serious omission there is which I much regret, and for which, in any country governed rationally, I should incur a heavy penalty. To make the present work really useful, it ought to have a complete index of all Greek words mentioned in it... .” Professor Chandler’s indictment of his ever useful book on Greek Accentuation applies with equal or greater force to an edition of tax lists which extend their bulk to over 13,450 lines. The indexes, however, are in existence and will be published in Part II. Practical necessity alone excluded them from Part I, which without them has quite outgrown the limits of a handy volume. Part II is planned to include the text of twenty additional fragments, an introduction, notes, charts, and indexes. Meanwhile, any scholar may obtain reasonably brief excerpts from the indexes by communicating with the editor. PREFACE ix I owe a special debt of gratitude to Professor Allan Chester Johnson, who has guided the footsteps of so many young scholars of this country on the road to successful achievement in papyrological research. A corre- spondence with him extending over many months and several long con- versations constantly threw new light on my problems and injected the warmth of his spontaneous and inexhaustible interest into the tedious routine of editing the transcription and the indexes of a text longer than the Odyssey and almost as long as the ffad. For the opportunity to devote a large share of my time to the comple- tion of a lengthy task and to publish the result in the Michigan Humanistic Series, I am deeply indebted to the Institute of Archaeological Research of the University of Michigan. To my colleagues, Professors A. E. R. Boak, Campbell Bonner, F. E. Robbins, H. A. Sanders, and J. G. Winter, I am grateful for the privilege of sharing my difficulties with them and of profiting by their counsels. Professor W. H. Worrell has given me always without measure and without stint the benefit of his specialized knowledge of the Coptic language and of the Egyptian people; he has been of inesti- mable value in guiding my own inexpert attempts to interpret Egyptian names. Professor S. L. Wallace has put at my disposal a list of references pertaining to a number of the taxes mentioned in these rolls and has made several valuable suggestions. In the task of converting my manuscript into a book printed and bound I have had the tireless assistance of Dr. E. 5. McCartney, Editor of Scholarly Publications of the University of Mich- igan Press, of his assistant, Mrs. H. J. Straw, and of the staff of the Plimpton Press. No words of praise are sufficient to repay these techni- cal experts for the efficiency with which they lighten the burden of a young author. H.C. Y.