PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 98(3), 1996, pp. 500-508 SYNONYMIZING SPILODERMUS STAL UNDER PEIRATES SERVILLE, AND REVISION OF THE RESULTING P. QUADRINOTATUS SPECIES GROUP (HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE: PEIRATINAE) MARIA DEL CARMEN COSCARON Departamento Cientifico de Entomologia, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Abstract.(cid:8212)Spilodermus Stal is synonymized with Peirates Serville. Its species P. ar- genteopilosus Schouteden and P. quadrinotatus (Fabricius) (Pirates arcuatus Stal, new synonymy are assigned to the new P. quadrinotatus species group. These two species are redescribed, illustrated, their geographical distribution mapped, and a key for sepa- rating them is given. These species have an African-Indopacific distribution. Key Words: Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Peirates quadrinotatus species group, Peirates argenteopilosus, Peirates quadrinotatus Spilodermus Stal (1868) was originally de |(cid:8217)Afrique Centrale (MRAC), Tervuren, described as a subgenus of Peirates Serville Belgium; Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (1831) and contained the sole species Re- (NRS), Stockholm, Sweden; The Natural duvius quadrinotatus Fabricius. This status History Museum (BMNH), London, United was accepted by Dispons (1969), but valid Kingdom; Zoological Institute (ZIL), Saint generic standing was given by Villiers Petersburg, Russia; and Zoological Muse- (1963) and Maldonado Capriles (1990). um (MZH), University of Helsinki, Helsin- The present synonymizing of Spiloder- ki, Finland. mus as a junior synonym of Peirates trans- The terminology used for the external fers its three species to that genus where morphology has been reported previously they form the new quadrinotatus species (Coscar6n 1983, Lent and Jurberg 1966, group, containing one new synonymy: Peir- Lent and Wygodzinsky 1979). The mea- ates argenteopilosus Schouteden, Peirates surements and ratios, as seen in Table 1, quadrinotatus (Fabricius) (= Pirates arcu- were taken following Coscaron (1989). For atus Stal). this revision a total of four measurements and 11 ratios were selected. The terminol- MATERIAL AND METHODS ogy of the female genitalia has been de- tailed in Coscar6n (1994). Extraction, dis- The material examined belongs to the section, inflation, and drawings of the male following institutions: American Museum and female genitalia were performed ac- of Natural History (AMNH), New York, cording to Coscarén (1983). USA; Bishop Museum (BPBM), Honolulu, USA; Deutsches Entomologisches Institut GENUS PEIRATES SERVILLE (DEI), Eberswalde, Germany; Instituut voor Taxonomische Zodlogie, Zodlogisch Mu- Peirates Serville 1831: 215. Type species: seum, Universiteit van Amsterdam (ZMUA), Reduvius stridulus Fabricius, designated Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Musée Royal by Blanchard 1846: 106. VOLUME 98, NUMBER 3 501 Table 1. Measurements (ranges) and ratios studied nus. This character allows the formation of for the Peirates quadrinotatus species group. Abbre- a species group related with the collarti and viations: Tl(cid:8212)total length; WP(cid:8212)width pronotum; lepturoides species groups of Coscar6n and Wa(cid:8212)width abdomen; Hdl(cid:8212)head length; Hdh(cid:8212)head Morrone (1995). height; Aocl(cid:8212)length anteocular region; Pocl(cid:8212)length postocular region; Eyl(cid:8212)eye length; Eyw(cid:8212)eye width; Eyh(cid:8212)eye height; Eyio(cid:8212)length eye interocular region; THE PEIRATES QUADRINOTATUS oce(cid:8212)ocellar diameter; antl(cid:8212)4(cid:8212)antennal segments 1(cid:8212) SPECIES GROUP 4 lengths; rosJ(cid:8212)I1J(cid:8212)rostral segments [I-III lengths; (Figs. 1-24) Pronl(cid:8212)pronotal anterior lobule length; PrPol(cid:8212)pro- notal posterior lobule length. Diagnosis: Scutellum acuminated (Figs. 3, 15) and anterior pronotal lobe subround- Peirates species ed (Figs. 1, 13). Character Sex P. argenteopilosus PP. quadrinotatus Description: Ocelli on a tubercle in the Tl M 12.72-12.78 10.45(cid:8212)-11.36 3 (Fig. 14), not on a tubercle in the @ (Fig. F 11.36(cid:8212)11.65 9.09-11.45 2); anterior pronotal lobe subrounded (Figs. Wp M 3.18(cid:8212)3.35 2.72(cid:8212)3.09 1, 13), with light brown pilosity except in F 2.72(cid:8212)2.98 2.54-3.09 sulci, light brown hairs over surface and Wa M 3.45(cid:8212)3.74 2.72-3.18 F 3.18-3.31 2.90(cid:8212)3.27 margins; sulci without granulations; scutel- Hd1/Hdh M 1.00(cid:8212)1.04 0.90-1.25 lum accuminated (Figs. 3, 15); scutellum F 1.00(cid:8212)1.22 1.06(cid:8212)1.20 and most of body with reduced granulations Aocl/Pocl M 0.83(cid:8212)0.91 0.70(cid:8212)1.50 over surface and edges; only macropterous F 1.00 0.75(cid:8212)1.50 form known; hemelytra surpassing apex of Eyl/Eyw M 1.00-1.31 1.00(cid:8212)1.20 abdomen in the 4, and not passing apex of F 1.04(cid:8212)-1.22 1.00(cid:8212)1.66 Eyh/Hdh M 0.84(cid:8212)1.00 0.88(cid:8212)1.00 abdomen in the ¢ (Fig. 1); connexivum ex- F 0.84 0.80(cid:8212)0.87 posed dorsally (Fig. 1); urosternites uni- Eyio/oce M 0.90(cid:8212)0.92 0.61(cid:8212)0.77 formly colored, tergites dark brown and F 1.20(cid:8212)1.25 0.92-1.23 whitish pilosity; last segment of abdomen antl/ant2 M 0.30(cid:8212)0.36 0.35(cid:8212)0.50 dark brown. Male genitalia: medial process F 0.41(cid:8212)0.50 0.40(cid:8212)0.45 antl/ant3 M 0.28(cid:8212)0.38 0.34(cid:8212)0.40 of pygophore straight (Figs. 6, 7, 18, 19); F 0.34(cid:8212)0.36 0.46 parameres subrectangular (Figs. 8, 9, 20, ant1/ant4 M 0.30(cid:8212)0.36 0.50 711). F 0.30(cid:8212)0.33 0.50(cid:8212)0.65 rosI/rosII M 0.61(cid:8212)0.67 0.48(cid:8212)0.52 KEY TO SPECIES OF THE PEIRATES F 0.65(cid:8212)0.66 0.49-0.54 QUADRINOTATUS Species Group M 0.71(cid:8212)0.79 0.81(cid:8212)0.85 F 0.75(cid:8212)0.79 0.83(cid:8212)0.86 (cid:8212) Hemelytra (Figs. 1, 4): corium brown except a M 3.09-3.36 2.36(cid:8212)2.90 whitish stripe between Pcu+ 1A and Cu; mem- rosI/rosIII F 2.54-3.36 2.00(cid:8212)2.90 brane with whitish band basally; pronotum an- Pronl M 1.14-1.40 1.15(cid:8212)1.66 terior lobe reddish PrAnl/PrPol F 1.60(cid:8212)1.64 1.11-1.86 Rear eee Peirates argenteopilosus (Schouteden) (cid:8212) Hemelytra (Fig. 16): corium brown; membrane with one whitish spot apically; pronotum an- Pirates (Spilodermus) Stal 1868: 122. Type terior lobe from brown to almost black ... . ec Lee SIE Peirates quadrinotatus (Fabricius) species: Reduvius quadrinotatus Fabri- cius, by monotypy. New synonymy. Spilodermus Villiers 1963: 513; Maldonado PEIRATES ARGENTEOPILOSUS SCHOUTEDEN Capriles 1990: 374. (Figs. 1-12) Observations: Villier(cid:8217)s (1948, 1963) sug- Pirates argenteopilosus Schouteden 1931: gestion of using the single autapomorphy, 142; Villiers 1948: 235 (subgenus Spilod- the acuminate scutellum, seems inadequate ermus). to validate this group as a genus or subge- Spilodermus argenteopilosus: Villiers 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 1963: 513; Maldonado Capriles 1990: Zaire, Lulua, Kapanga, [V-IX-1958, J. Al- 374. laer (MRAC); Paratype 6d: Zaire, Uele, Dingila, 20-VII-1933, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); Male and female General aspect of fe- Paratype 6: Zaire, Haut-Uele, Moto II-II- male as seen Fig. |. Head black, granulated, 1923, L. Burgeon R. Det. A. 2450 black pilosity. In lateral view (Fig. 2), eyes (MRAC); Paratype ¢: Zaire, Haut-Uele, surpassing neither superior nor inferior Moto IV-1926, L. Burgeon R. Det. B. 2450 edge of head. Antenna uniformly dark (MRAC); Paratype ¢: Zaire, Haut-Uele, brown. Moto IV-V-1923, L. Burgeon R. Det. A. Pronotum anterior lobe reddish with dark 2450 (MRAC); Paratype ¢: Zaire, Haut- brown tonalities, granulate. Sulci not dis- Uele, Moto L. Burgeon R. Det. A. 2450 tinct glabrous. Depression not distinct. Su- (MRAC); Paratype do: Kasai Ishiluagi, tures undifferentiated. Posterior lobe red- 14-II-1932, G. F Overlait, R. Det. C. 2450 dish, with dark brown tonalities, with gran- (MRAC); Paratype ¢: Kindu, 24-XI-1911, ulations and dark brown hairs. Scutellum, Dr. Bequaert, R. Det. A. 2450 (MRAC); uniformly reddish, with dark brown hairs. Paratype ¢: Beni a Lesse fin, VII-1911, Dr. Predominating color dark brown, except Murtula, R. Det. A. 2450 (MRAC); Para- for whitish stripe between Pcu+ 1A and Cu type 6: Sankisia, 1911, Dr. Rodhain, R. in corium, and two whitish bands in mem- Det. A. 2450 (MRAC); Paratype 6: Kwa- brane, one basally and other distally. Pilos- mouth, VI-1921, Dr. H. Schouteden, R. Det. ity white basally in clavus and corium. A. 2450 (MRAC); Paratype ¢: Rutshuru, Legs mostly dark brown, coxae distally, II-1938, J. Ghesquiére 6041 (MRAC); all hind, and base of mid and hind trochan- TANZANIA: Moba, 780 m (a la lumiére), ter, base of femora yellowish; hind femur XI-1953, H. Bomans, d6 (MRAC); Muso- dark brown basally. ma, 980 m (a la lumiére), XI-1953, H. Bo- Pattern of connexivum as seen in Fig. 5. mans, 6 (MRAC); Moba, III-IX1953, H. Urosternites 4(cid:8212)6 with a lateral whitish tri- Bomans, 6 (MRAC). ZAIRE: P. N. G. angular pilose area. Miss. H. de Saeger, 11/Fb/9, 5-III-1951, Male genitalia (Figs. 6(cid:8212)9). Medial pro- Réc. H. de Saeger. 1320, 2 (MRAC); P.N. cess of pygophore, ventral and lateral view U., Georges de la Pelenge, 18-20-VI-1947, as seen in Figs. 6 and 7, respectively. Par- Miss. G. FE de Witte. 526a, 2 (MRAC); P. ameres (Figs. 8, 9) with hairs. N. G. Miss. H. de Saeger Mpaza/9, Female genitalia (Figs. 10(cid:8212)12). Gono- 23/1/1952, Réc. H. de Saeger. 3038, 6 coxites VIII and gonapophysis, gonocoxite (MRAC); Lulua, Tshibamba, III-1933, E G. IX, and IX and X tergites as seen in Figs. Overlaet, 2 (MRAC). Abessinia: Sekuala 10, 11 and 12, respectively. [IX and X ter- lac. Suai Fl. Dzallumaki, Manash, Sedov, ¢ gites (Fig. 12), intersegmental line not en- 3-II-V-1903 (ZIL). tire. Peirates quadrinotatus (Fabricius) Measurements. See Table 1. (Figs. 13-24) Distribution. Afrotropical. Angola, Cam- eroon, Guinea, Tanzania and Zaire (Fig. Reduvius 4-notatus Fabricius 1796: 544. 25). Peirates biguttatus Dohrn 1860: 407; syn- Material examined. Holotype @: Zaire, onymized by Stal 1868: 122. Uele, van Kerkhovinvelle Degreef R. Det. Spilodermus quadrinotatus: Stal 1868: 122; A. 2450 (MRAC); Paratype d6: Angola, Maldonado Capriles 1990: 374. Benguela (Ddr. Wellmann), Coll. Schoute- Pirates quadrinotatus: Walker 1873: 114. den, Det. A. 2450 (MRAC); Paratype d: Pirates (Spilodermus) quadrinotatus: Stal Kenya, Lac. Tanganyka, Nyanza fin, XII- 1874: 58. 1932, L. Burgeon (MRAC); Paratype c: Pirates patricius Miller 1948: 444; synon- VOLUME 98, NUMBER 3 503 Fig. 1. Peirates argenteopilosus, dorsal view o f female. Scale line 2.0 mm. 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Figs. 2-12. Pierates argenteopilosus. 2, Head, lateral view. 3, Scutellum, lateral view. 4, Hemelytron. 5, Connexivum. 6, Pygophore, ventral view. 7, Pygophore, lateral view. 8, Left paramere, external view. 9, Right paramere, external view. 10, Gonocoxite and gonapophysis VIII. 11, Gonocoxites IX. 12, IX and X tergites. Scale lines = 2.0 mm: (a) for Figs. 4, 5; (b) for Figs. 2, 3; and (c) for Figs. 6-12. VOLUME 98, NUMBER 3 505 ymized by Dispons 1969: 7 with Pirates Pattern of connexivum as seen in Figure (Spilodermus) arcuatus. We Peirates patricius: Maldonado Capriles Male genitalia (Figs. 18(cid:8212)21). Medial 1990: 365. process of pygophore, ventral and lateral Pirates picturatus Miller 1948: 444; syn- view as seen in Figs. 18 and 19, respec- onymized by Dispons 1969: 7 with Pi- tively. Parameres (Figs. 20, 21), without rates (Spilodermus) arcuatus. hairs. Peirates picturatus: Maldonado Capriles Female genitalia (Figs. 22(cid:8212)24). Gono- 1990: 365. coxites VIII and gonapophysis, gonocoxite Pirates arcuatus Stal 1870: 692. New syn- IX, and IX and X tergites as seen in Figs. onymy. 22, 23 and 24, respectively. IX and X ter- Pirates (Spilodermus) arcuatus: Stal 1874: gites (Fig. 24), intersegmental line entire. 58; synonymized by Kiritshenko 1961: Measurements. See Table 1. 444 with Ectomocoris flavomaculatus. Distribution. Indomalayian and Paleartic. Pirates mutilloides sic Walker 1873: 120; Bangladesh, Burma, China, Hong Kong, In- synonymized by Distant 1902: 288 with dia, Japan, Java, Laos, Philippines, Sri Lan- P. arcuatus. ka and Sumatra (Fig. 25). Material examined. Type 2: Sud Java, Male and female. Head dark brown, al- Coll Breddin, Pirates picturatus sp. n., det. most black, not granulated, whitish pilosity. N. C. E. Miller 1939 (DED). Type ¢: Su- In lateral view (Fig. 14), eyes surpassing matra, Pirates patricius sp. n., det. N. C. E. superior but not inferior edge of head. An- Miller 1939 (DEI). Type ¢@: Philippines, In- tenna uniformly dark brown, except base sulae Philippinae, Semper, Spilodermus ar- first antennal segment yellowish. cuatus Stal (NRS); Allotype ¢: Philippines, Pronotum anterior lobe brownish with Insulae Philippinae, Semper (NRS). Para- dark brown tonalities, not granulate. Sulci type 2: Sumatra, Pirates patricius sp. para- distinct, with whitish to light brown pilos- type det. N. C. E. Miller 1939 (BMNH). ity, and light brown hairs. Depression dis- BANGLADESH: Silhet, 2 (NRS). BUR- tinct. Lateral internal sulci medially united MA: Teinzo, Fea Maggio, 6 1866 (ZIL). and extending to transversal sulci, medial INDIA: Anamalai Hills Cinchona, 3500 ft, sulci divided in two and attaining transver- V-1969, P S. Nathan, 2 (ZMUA); New sal sulci, and lateral external sulci attaining Delhi, 1-10-VIII-1958, Anekeandpo8, 3d transversal sulci. Posterior lobe brownish, (ZIL); Dobhalwalla, 2304 ft, Dehra Dun, I., with dark brown tonalities, without granu- X-XI-1945, Jai K. Uniyal, 2 (AMNH); lations and light brown hairs. Scutellum not Kashmir, 6 (NRS). JAVA: Banjoewangi, uniformly brownish, with dark brown to- Lucht, 1930, 2, 2d 6 (ZIL); Banjoewangi, nalities, and light brown hairs. Lucht, XII-1931-II-1932, 2, 2d¢ (ZIL); Predominating color dark brown in mem- Banjoewangi, Lucht, without abdomen brane and part of corium, except a whitish (ZIL); Tranquebar Urstermann, 6 (NRS); stripe and a spot in membrane. Clavus Jjkarang Djampang, from M. E. Walsh, °, brown, except basal zone with orange to- 236 XII-1938 (BPBM). LAOS: Sayabou- nalities. Corium, area between Pcu+ 1A ry, Prov. Sayaboury, ¢ 31-XII-1965, native and Cu brown, and Cu and SC brown with collector Bishop Museum (BPBM); Saya- orange tonalities (in some specimens more boury, Prov. Sayaboury, ° 21-IV-1966, na- noticeably). Pilosity at base of clavus and tive collector Bishop Museum (BPBM). corium dark brown. PHILIPPINES: Los Banos, Ids., 2 VIII- Legs dark brown, except yellowish distal 1916, E X. Williams col. (BPBM); Los Ba- end of coxae, base of mid and hind tro- nos, P. I. Baker, without abdomen (AMNH); chanter, base of mid and hind femur. Mt. Makiling Luzon, Baker col., 6 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fics. 13-24. Peirates quadrinotatus. 13, Head, pronotum, and scutellum, dorsal view. 14, Head, lateral view. 15, Scutellum, lateral view. 16, Hemelytron. 17, Connexivum. 18, Pygophore, ventral view. 19, Pygophore, lateral view. 20, Left paramere, external view. 21, Right paramere, external view. 22, Gonocoxite and gonapoph- ysis VIII. 23, Gonocoxites IX. 24, IX and X tergites. Scale lines = 2.0 mm: (a) for Figs. 17, 17; (b) for Figs. 13-15; and (c) for Figs. 18-24. VOLUME 98, NUMBER 3 Fic. 25. Distribution of Peirates argenteopilosus (black circles) and P. quadrinotatus (open circles). (AMNH); Mt. Makiling Luzon, Baker col., anterior lobule of the pronotum only, so we without abdomen (AMNH); Davan Min- consider them synonyms. danan Baker, without abdomen (AMNH); Mindanao, Mis. Or. Mt. Pomalihi 21 km W ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Gingoog City, 800-1000 m, 17-IX-1965, I express gratitude to the following per- H. M. Torrevillas, col. Bishop Museum, 2 sons that supplied specimens or identifica- (BPBM). SRI LANKA: (Lewis); Distant tions and also provided museum space and col. 1911: 383 (BMNH) picturatus BMNH, a pleasent working environment: Dr. U. Da- 2, nymph (BMNH). WITHOUT COUN- ll(cid:8217) Asta, Musée Royal de |(cid:8217) Afrique Centrale; TRY: Carin As civii Ghecu, 1400(cid:8212)1500 m, Dr. W. P. Dolling and Mrs. M. J. Knight, L. Fea, d III-IV-1988, 245 (ZIL). The Natural History Museum; Dr. J. P. Duf- Observations. P. arcuatus and P. quad- fels, Zoological Museum, University of rinotatus differ by the different color of the Amsterdam; Dr. E. K. Groll, Deutsches En- 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON tomologisches Institut; Dr. I. M. Kerzhner, and Ectrichodiinae. Annals and Magazine of Nat- Zoological Institute; Dr. P. Lindskég, Na- ural History (7)10: 282-285. Dohrn, E A. 1860. Beitrage zu einer monographisch- turhistoriska Riksmuseet; Dr. D. Polhemus, en Bearbeitung der Familie der Emesina. Linnaea Bishop Museum; and Dr. R. T. Schuh, Entomologiae 14: 207-253. American Museum of Natural History. I am Fabricius, J. C. 1796. Supplementum entomologiae grateful to Dr. R. C. Froeschner for the use- systematicae. Hafniae Proft et Storch: 511-546. Kiritshenko, A. N. 1961. Synonymical notes on Het- ful suggestions and critical reading of the eroptera. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis manuscript, to Dr. O. Bistrém, Dr. A. Jans- Pragae 34: 443-444. son, and the staff of the Division of Ento- Lent, H. and Jurberg J. 1966. Revis&io dos Piratinae mology from the Zoological Museum of the Americanos. II. O género Phorastes Kirkaldy University of Helsinki for their help and as- 1900, com um estudo sdbre a genitalia das espé- cies (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). Revista Brasileira sistance, and to N. Caligaris for making de Biologia 26: 297-314. some of the drawings. This work was sup- Lent, H. and Wygodzinsky P. 1979. Revision of the ported by the (cid:8220)(cid:8216)Consejo Nacional de Inves- Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their significance as vectors of Chagas(cid:8217)s Disease. Bul- tigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(cid:8217)(cid:8221)(cid:8217) (CONI- letin of the American Museum of Natural History CET), Argentina and by the University of 163: 125-516. Helsinki, Finland. Maldonado Capriles, J. 1990. Systematic catalogue of I also thank two anonymous reviewers the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal whose comments and criticism improved of Sciences, Mayaguez, 694 pp. Miller, N. C. E. 1948. New genera and species of this work. Reduviidae from the Philippines, Celebes, and Malaysia. Transaction of the Royal Entomological LITERATURE CITED Society of London 99: 411(cid:8212)473. Schouteden, H. 1931. Catalogues raisonés de la Faune Blanchard, E. 1846. Voyage dans l(cid:8217)Amerique Meri- entomologique du Congo Belge. 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