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This page intentionally left blank 296_Cyber_Adv_FM.qxd 6/16/04 4:13 PM Page iii Cyber Adversary C h a ra c t e r i zat i o n A U D I T I N G T H E H A C K E R M I N D Tom Parker Matthew G. Devost Marcus H. Sachs Eric Shaw Ed Stroz 296_Cyber_Adv_FM.qxd 6/16/04 4:13 PM Page iv Syngress Publishing,Inc.,the author(s),and any person or firm involved in the writing,editing,or produc- tion (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind,expressed or implied,regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY. You may have other legal rights,which vary from state to state. 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KEY SERIAL NUMBER 001 HV764GHJ82 002 PO5FG2324V 003 82JH2776NB 004 CVPLQ6WQ23 005 C3KLC542MK 006 VBT5GH652M 007 H63W3EBCP8 008 29MK56F56V 009 629MP5SDJT 010 IMWQ295T6T PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing,Inc. 800 Hingham Street Rockland,MA 02370 Cyber Adversary Characterization: Auditing the Hacker Mind Copyright © 2004 by Syngress Publishing,Inc.All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America.Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976,no part of this publication may be repro- duced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior written permission of the publisher,with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored,and executed in a computer system,but they may not be reproduced for publication. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN: 1-931836-11-6 Acquisitions Editor:Christine Kloiber Cover Designer:Michael Kavish Technical Editor:Tom Parker Copy Editor:Darren Meiss and Page Layout and Art:Patricia Lupien Darlene Bordwell Indexer:Rich Carlson Distributed by O’Reilly Media in the United States and Canada. Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support in making this book possible. Jeff Moss and Ping Look from Black Hat,Inc.You have been good friends to Syngress and great colleagues to work with.Thank you! 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The incredibly hard working team at Elsevier Science,including Jonathan Bunkell,Ian Seager,Duncan Enright,David Burton,Rosanna Ramacciotti, Robert Fairbrother,Miguel Sanchez,Klaus Beran,Emma Wyatt,Rosie Moss, Chris Hossack,and Krista Leppiko,for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope. David Buckland,Daniel Loh,Marie Chieng,Lucy Chong,Leslie Lim,Audrey Gan,Pang Ai Hua,and Joseph Chan of STP Distributors for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books. Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support. David Scott,Tricia Wilden,Marilla Burgess,Annette Scott,Geoff Ebbs,Hedley Partis,Bec Lowe,and Mark Langley of Woodslane for distributing our books throughout Australia,New Zealand,Papua New Guinea,Fiji Tonga,Solomon Islands,and the Cook Islands. Winston Lim of Global Publishing for his help and support with distribution of Syngress books in the Philippines. v This page intentionally left blank Author Tom Parker is one of Britain’s most highly prolific security con- sultants.Alongside providing integral security services for some of the world’s largest organizations,Tom is widely known for his vul- nerability research on a wide range of platforms and commercial products.His more recent technical work includes the development of an embedded operating system,media management system and cryptographic code for use on digital video band (DVB) routers deployed on the networks of hundreds of large organizations around the globe. In 1999,Tom helped form Global InterSec LLC,playing a leading role in developing key relationships between GIS and the public and private sector security companies.Tom has spent much of the last few years researching methodologies aimed at characterizing adversarial capabilities and motivations against live,mission critical assets.He also provides aid in identifying adversarial attribution in the unfortunate times when incidents do occur.Currently working as a security consultant for NetSEC,a provider of managed and pro- fessional security services,Tom continues to research practical ways for large organizations to manage the ever-growing cost of security by identifying where the real threats exist. Contributors Matthew G. Devost is President and CEO of the Terrorism Research Center,Inc.,overseeing all research,analysis and training programs.He has been researching the impact of information tech- nology on national security since 1993.In addition to his current duties as President,Matthew also provides strategic consulting ser- vices to select international governments and corporations on issues of counter terrorism,information warfare and security,critical infrastructure protection and homeland security.Matthew also co- founded and serves as Executive Director of Technical Defense,Inc., vii a highly specialized information security consultancy.Prior to that, he was the Director of Intelligence Analysis for Infrastructure Defense (iDefense),where he led an analytical team identifying infrastructure threats,vulnerabilities and incidents for Fortune 500 and government clients including Microsoft and Citigroup. Matthew is certified in the operation of numerous security tools and in the National Security Agency’s INFOSEC Assessment Methodology and is an instructor for the Threat,Exposure and Response Matrix (TERM) methodology.He is a member of the American Society for Industrial Security,the Information Systems Security Association,and the International Association for Counterterrorism & Security Professionals.He has appeared on CNN,MSNBC,FoxNews,NPR,CBS Radio,BBC television, NWCN,Australian television and over five dozen other domestic and international radio and television programs as an expert on ter- rorism and information warfare.He has lectured or published for the National Defense University,the United States Intelligence and Law Enforcement Communities,the Swedish,Australian and New Zealand governments,Georgetown University,American University, George Washington University,and a number of popular press books,magazines,academic journals and over 100 international con- ferences.Matthew holds an Adjunct Professor position at Georgetown University,has received a B.A.degree from St. Michael’s College,and a Master of Arts Degree in Political Science from the University of Vermont. Marcus H. Sachs is the Director of the SANS Internet Storm Center and is a cyberspace security researcher,writer,and instructor for the SANS Institute.He previously served in the White House Office of Cyberspace Security and was a staff member of the President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board.While a member of the White House staff,Marcus coordinated efforts to protect and secure the nation’s telecommunication and Internet infrastructures, leveraging expertise from United States government agencies,the domestic private sector,and the international community.He also contributed to the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace,upon his joining of the National Cyber Security Division of the US viii Department of Homeland Security.While working for DHS,he developed the initial concept and strategy for the creation of the United States Computer Emergency Response Team.Marcus retired from the United States Army in 2001 after serving over 20 years as a Corps of Engineers officer.He specialized during the later half of his career in computer network operations,systems automation,and information technology. Eric Shaw is a clinical psychologist who has spent the last 20 years specializing in the psychological profiling of political actors and forensic subjects.He has been a consultant supporting manager devel- opment and organizational change,a clinician aiding law enforcement and corporate security,an intelligence officer supporting national security interests and a legal consultant providing negotiation and liti- gation assistance.He has also provided cross-cultural profiling for the U.S.Government on the psychological state and political attitudes of figures such as Saddam Hussein,Iranian revolutionary leaders under Khomeini,senior Soviet military commanders,as well as Yugoslav, Laotian,Cuban and other military and political leaders.In 2000 he helped develop a tool designed to help analysts identify political,reli- gious and other groups at-risk for terrorist violence.This approach examines the group’s cultural context,its relationship with allied and competitive actors in the immediate political environment,their internal group dynamics and leadership.It utilizes a range of informa- tion on the group,including their publications,web sites and internal communications.Eric has recently published articles on cyber ter- rorism examining the likelihood of the use of cybertactics by tradi- tional and emerging forms of terrorist groups. Ed Strotz (CPA,CITP,CFE) is President of Stroz Friedberg,LLC, which he started in 2000 after a sixteen-year career as a Special Agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).Stroz Friedberg performs investigative,consulting,and forensic laboratory services for the most pre-eminent law firms in the country.Ed has advised clients in industries including banking,brokerage,insurance,media, ix