DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B.Pharma.) Page 1 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . SEMESTER – I BPH – 101 M REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS Unit – I Algebra: Determinants, properties of determinants, solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s rule, matrices, properties of matrices, solution of simultaneous equations by matrices, pharmaceutical applications of determinants and matrices. [08] Unit – II Measures of Central value: Objectives and pre-requisites of an ideal measure, mean, mode and median. [05] Unit – III Trigonometry: Measurement of angle, T-ratio, addition, subtraction and transformation formulae, T-ratio of multiple, submultiple, allied and certain angles, application of logarithms in pharmaceutical computations. [08] Unit – IV Analytical Plain Geometry: Certain co-ordinates, distance between two points, area of triangles locus of a point, straight line, slope and intercept form, double intercept form normal (perpendicular form), slope – point and two point form, general equation of first degree. [07] Unit – V Calculus: Differential: Limits and functions, definition of differential coefficient differentiation of standard functions, including functions, including function of a function (chain rule). Integral: Integration as inverse of differentiation indefinite integrals of standard form, integration by parts. [12] BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. A textbook of Mathematics for XI-XII Students, NCERT Publication Vol. I-IV. 2. Loney, S.L “Plane Trigonometry” AITBS Publishers. 3. Loney, S.L “The elements of coordinate geometry” AITBS Publishrs. 4. Gupta S.P. Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand and Co., New Delhi. 5. Narayan Shanti, Integral calculus , Sultan Chand & Co. 6. Prasad Gorakh Text book on differential calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad. Page 2 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . 7. Narayan Shanti, Differential calculus , Shyamlal Charitable Trust, New Delhi. 8. Prasad Gorakh Text book on integral calculus , Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad. Page 3 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BPH – 101 B REMEDIAL BIOLOGY Unit – I General survey of Animal Kingdom, Structure and life history of parasites as illustrated by amoeba, trypansosoma, plasmodium, taenia, and ascaris, [08] Unit – II General structure and life history of insects like mosquito, house fly and silk worm. [08] Unit – III Morphology and histology of root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower, fruit and seed, modification of stems and roots. [08] Unit – IV Plant cell: Its structure and non living inclusions, mitosis and meiosis, different types of plant tissues and their functions. Basic concept of molecular biology (DNA,RNA). [08] Unit – V Methods of classification of plants Plant taxonomy: Study of following families with special reference to medicinally important plants – Apocynacae, Solanacae, Rutaceae, Umbellifarae, Leguminasae, Labiatae. [08] PROJECT WORK : Preparation of herbarium sheets. BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Dutta A.C. “ Botany for Degree students” Oxford. 2. Marshall & Williams “Text Book of Zoology” CBS Publishers & Distrubutors, Delhi. 3. Fahn “Plant Anatomy” Aditya Books Private Limited, New Delhi. 4. Weiz, Paul B “Laboratory Manual in Science of Biology” Mc Graw-hill book company. Page 4 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BPH – 102 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I Unit-I: Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control different techniques of analysis, preliminaries and definitions, precision and accuracy. Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, methods of expressing concentration, primary and secondary standards. [06] Unit-II: Acid Base Titrations: Acid base concepts, role of solvent, relative strengths of acids and bases, ionization, law of mass action, common-ion effect, ionic product of water, pH, hydrolysis of salts, Henderson-Hasselbach equation, buffer solution, neutralization curves, acid base indicators, theory of indicators, choice of indicators, mixed indicators. [10] Unit-III: Oxidation reduction Titrations: Concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, strengths and equivalent weights of oxidizing and reducing agents, theory of redox titrations, redox indicators, oxidation reduction curves, iodimetry and iodometry. [10] Unit-IV: Precipitation Titrations: Precipitation reactions, solubility products, effect of acids, temperature and solvent upon the solubility of precipitate. Gaylussac method, Mohr’s method, Volhard’s method and Fajan’s method. [06] Unit-V: Gravimetric Analysis: Solubility products, the colloidal state, supersaturation, co-precipitation, post- precipitation, digestion, washing of the precipitate, filtration, filter papers and crucibles, Ignition, specific examples like barium as barium sulphate & Calcium as calcium oxide, organic precipitants. [08] Page 5 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BPH-102P PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I PRACTICAL The students should be introduced to the main analytical tools through demonstration. They should have a clear understanding of a typical analytical balance, the requirements of a good balance, weights, care & use of balance, methods of weighing, and errors in weighing. The students should also be acquainted with the general apparatus requiring various analytical procedures. 1. Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of volumetric apparatus. 2. Acid Base Titrations : Preparation and Standardization of acids and bases, some exercises related with determination of acids and bases separately or in mixture form, some official assay procedures, e.g. boric acid, should also be covered. 3. Oxidation Reduction Titrations : Preparation & standardization of some redox titrants e.g. potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulphate etc. Some exercises related to determinations of oxidizing & reducing agents. Exercises involving potassium iodate, potassium bromate, iodine solution and ceric ammonium sulphate. 4. Precipitation Titrations : Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver nitrate and ammonium thiocyanate, titrations according to Mohr’s, Volhards and Fajan’s methods. 5. Gravimetric Analysis : Preparation of gooch crucible for filtration and use of sintered glass crucible. Determination of water of hydration, some exercise related to gravimetric analysis should be covered. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Mendhanm J, Denny R.C., Barnes J.D.,Thomas M, Jeffery G.H., “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson Education Asia. 2. Conners K.A., “A Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis”, Wiley Inter-science. 3. Beckett, A.H., and Stenlake, J.B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I&II. The Atherden Press of the University of London. 4. British Pharmacopocia, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, University Press, Cambridge. 5. Alexeyev V. “Quantitative Analysis”. CBS Publishers & Distributors. 6. The Pharmacopoeia of India. Page 6 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BPH – 103 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) Unit-I A. Sources of impurities & their control, limit test for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, chloride & sulphate. B. An outline of methods of preparation, uses, sources of impurities, tests of purity and identification and special tests, if any, of the following classes of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in Indian Pharmacopoeia: Gases and Vapours : Inhalants (Oxygen), Anaesthetics (Nitrous oxide) Topical Agents: Protective (Calamine, talc, kaolin), astringents (Zinc oxide, Zinc Sulphate) and anti infectives (Boric Acid, Hydrogen peroxide, Iodine, Potassium permanganate, Silver nitrate). Dental Products : Dentrifices- anti-caries agents (Sodium fluoride). [08] Unit-II: Gastrointestinal Agents : Acidifying agents (Dilute Hydrochloric acid), antacids(Bismuth subcarbonate, Aluminium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium oxide{ light and heavy}, Magnesium carbonate{ light and heavy}), cathartics (disodium hydrogen phosphate, Magnesium sulphate), protective and adsorbents( Activated Charcoal, Light Kaolin, Aluminium sulphate) Miscellaneous Agents: Expectorants (Ammonium chloride, Potassium Iodide). [08] Unit-III : Major intra and extra- cellular electrolytes : Physiological ions, Electrolytes used for replacement therapy, acid-base balance & combination therapy (Calcium chloride, Calcium gluconate, Calcium lactate, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride). Cationic and anionic components of inorganic drugs useful for systemic effects. [08] Unit-IV: Essential and Trace Elements: Transition elements and their compounds of Page 7 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . pharmaceutical importance. Iron and haematinics(Ferrous fumarate, Ferrous gluconate, Ferrous sulphate, Ferric Ammonium citrate), mineral supplements (Cu, Zn, Mn, S, I). Co-ordination compounds and complexation- study of such compounds used in therapy including poison antidotes (Calcium folinate, Sodium thiosulphate). [08] Unit-V: Inorganic Radio-Pharmaceuticals: Nuclear radio pharmaceuticals, nomenclature, methods of obtaining, standards and units of activity, measurement of activity, clinical application and dosage, hazards and precautions. [08] Page 8 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BPH-103P PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMSITRY-I (INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY) LAB List of Experiments 1. To perform limit test of chloride, sulphate, Iron, Heavy metal and arsenic in the given sample. 2. Salt analysis 3. Preparation of following compounds:- Boric acid Magnesium sulphate Heavy magnesium carbonate Calcium Carbonate Alum Zinc sulphate BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Block, J.H. Roche, E, Soine, T and Wilson, C., “Inorganic, Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Lea & Febiger. 2. Discher, C.A.,et.al Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, waveland press. 3. Pharmacopoceia of India, 1996 edition. 4. Atherden L.M., Bentley and Drivers’ “Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, London. Page 9 DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA . BPH – 104 PHARMACEUTICS- I (DISPENSING AND GENERAL PHARMACY) Unit-I: History of Pharmacy: Origin & development of pharmacy, scope of pharmacy, introduction to pharmacopoeias with special reference to I.P, B.P., U.S.P, & International Pharmacopoeia. [04] Pharmaceutical Additives: Coloring, flavoring & sweetening agents, cosolvents, preservatives, surfactants & their applications, antioxidants, stabilizers. [03] Unit-II: Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities : Physical and Chemical Incompatibilities: Types and methods to overcome these Inorganic incompatibilities including incompatibilities of metals and their salts, nonmetals, acids and alkalis. [06] Unit-III: Pharmaceutical calculations: Posology, calculation of doses for infants, adults and elderly patients; Enlarging and reducting recipes, percentage solutions, alligation, alcohol dilution, proof spirit. [10] Unit-IV: Extraction & Galenicals: Extraction processes, study of infusion, decoction, digestion, percolation, maceration & their modifications, applications in the preparation of tinctures & extracts. Factors affecting selection of extraction processes. [07] Unit-V Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: A brief theory of : Tablets, Capsules, Emulsion, suspension, Solutions, mixtures, spirits, aromatic waters, glycerins, paints, syrups, elixirs, mouth washes, mucilages, lotions, liniments, pastes, inhalations and powders. 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