Swedish word accents in sentence perspective Bruce, Gösta 1977 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bruce, G. (1977). Swedish word accents in sentence perspective. [Doctoral Thesis (monograph), General Linguistics]. Liber. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 TRAV AUX DE L'INSTITUT DE LINGUISTIQUE DE LUND PUBLIEs PAR BERTIL MALMBERG ET KERSTIN RADDING XII , SWEDISH WORD ACCENTS IN SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE BY GÖSTA BRUCE CWK GLEERUP 1977 Unh ~rsltetsbiblioteket LUND TRA VAUX DE L'INSTITUT DE LINGUISTIQUE DE LUND PUBLIEs PAR BERTIL MALMBERG ET KERSTIN HADDING XII SWEDISH WORD ACCENTS IN SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE BY GÖSTA BRUCE CWK GLEERUP 1977 CWK Gleerup is the imprint for the scientific and scholarly publications of LiberLäromedel Lund © Gösta Bruce ISBN 91-40--{)4589-7 Gotab Malmö Sweden 1977 TRA VAUX DE L'INSTITUT DE LINGUISTIQUE DE LUND PUBLIEs P AR BERTIL MALMBERG ET KERSTIN RADDING XII SWEDISH WORD ACCENTS IN SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE AV GÖSTA BRUCE m. kand., Hb AKADEMISK AVHANDLING som för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen vid Humanistiska fakulteten vid universitetet i Lund kommer att offentligen försvaras på svenska på Institutionen för lingvistik, Avdelningen för fonetik, Föreläsningssalen, Kävlingevägen 20, Lund, lördagen den 26 november 1977 kl. 10.15 DoK u mon tu tg1vare Dokumentnamn Dok u men tbetec k n mg Institutionen för lingvistik, Lund TR'\VAUX XII Handl&ggere Utgivningsdatum Arendebeteck.nlng Bertil Mabnberg Q Kerstin Hadding Nov 1977 F o d ettare Gösta Bruce Statens Humanistiska och S&nhällsvetenskapliga Forskningsråd, Stockholm Ookument1itei och undertitel Swedish Word Accents in Sentence Perspective Referat (~ammandrag) Arbetet visar hur tonala variationer utnyttjas i stock holmsk svenska för att signalera ordnrosodi och vissa aspekter av satsprosodi. Genan att jämföra tonförlopp (Fo) för de båda ordaccenterna, med och utan satsaccent;_, i final och icke-final position, har det varit möjligt att skilja ut olika prosodiska bidrag till tonförloppet: ordaccentfallet (tidigare för accent I än för accent II), satsaccentstigningen och terminalfallet. Samspelet mellan dessa prosodiska egenskaper resulterar i vissa kontext beroende justeringar av tonförloppen. Typisk är den temporala stabiliteten hos ordaccentförloppen och den temporala variabiliteten hos satsaccent- och terminal förloppen. Den akustiska analysen har kompletterats med perceptuell analys av syntetiserade tonförlopp. Testen visar, att tidpunkten för ordaccentfallet är viktig för distinktionen accent I/accent II, och att en extra ton topp gör en sammansättning till en tvåordsfras. Resultaten sammanfattas i en modell för svensk intonation i form av Referat skr1vet av en samling regler san genererar de observerade tonförloppen. förf Forslag titl ytterligare nyckelord KlassitJkationssystem och -klass(er) Indextermer (ange kalla) " S' "N' Omf1ån5g5 sid Ovr1CgWa Kbi bGlioglreaefisrkua pu,p pgLiftiebr erLäromedel, Lund (förlag) VJ VJ Gotab, Malmö (trycl<:eri) Språk ~ engelska o tSSN ISBN <( 91-40-04589-7 _j al <( Ookumentf:l kan erh§llas från Mottagarens uppgifter o~<( Institutionen för lingvistik ;z- Kävlingevägen 20 w 222 40 LUND :> SIS "o~ Pr•s 50 kronor DB1 o Blankett LU 11:25 1976--07 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study of Swedish word accents has traditionally occupied a central place in the research work at the Phonetics Laboratory in Lund. The present thesis continues this tradition. It forms a part of the research project 'Swedish Prosody', which is supported by the Swedish Humanistic and Social Sciences Research Council. My work has developed in close and fruitful cooperation with Eva Gårding, my thesis supervisor. Her encouragement, support and deep interest in the field and in my work have been in valuable to me. Robert Bannert has closely followed the progress of my work and has always been ready to discuss it. He read the thesis in manuscript and made many profitable suggestions. Kerstin Hadding was my advisor in an early stage of the thesis work. She and Bertil Malmberg accepted the thesis for publication in Travaux de l'Institut de linguistique de Lund. I have profited from many discussions of my work with colleagues and participants in the research seminar at the Phonetics Laboratory in Lund. I also had the privilege of dis cussing my work in the seminars of Claes Christian Elert, Björn Lindblom and Sven Öhman. Most of the experimental work was carried out at the Phonetics Laboratory in Lund. Claes Christian Elert generously gave me access to the synthesis equipment of the Phonetics Laboratory in Umeå. Eva Hallgårde, Ulrika Nettelbladt and Harriette stenkvist proficiently served as speakers for my investigation. students and members of the staff at the Institute of Linguistics and at the Speech Transmission Laboratory in stockhalm volunteered for the listening tests. Barbara Prohovnik revised my English with great sensitivity and efficiency. She also made a number of valuable comments on the content of the thesis. Inger Lander drew the figures pro fessionally. Monica Hermansson typed the final manuscript with great accuracy and efficiency. Jan-Olof Svantesson gave me advice in statistical questions. AV-centralen in Lund gave me photo-technical Bssistance. To all of these I express my sincere thanks. Gösta Bruce TABLE OF CONTENTS o INTRODUCTION 5 0.1 Problem 5 0.2 Goals 7 0.3 Outline 7 l A SKETCH OF PROSODIC PHONOLOGY 9 l. l Word accents and stress levels 9 1.1.1 stress levels and prosadie features 9 l. l. 2 Definitions of prosadie features lO l. l. 3 stress, word accent and sentence accent 12 l. l. 4 The word accent distinction 14 1.2 The word accent distribution 17 l. 2 .l Non-compound words 17 l. 2. 2 Compound words 19 1.3 The sentence accent distribution 19 l. 3 .l The Functional Sentence Perspective 20 l. 3. 2 Contextual organization and sentence accent 21 2 PROCEDUR E 25 2.1 Test material 25 2 .l. l Syntactic composition of the test sentences 25 2 .l. 2 Prosadie composition of the test sentences 26 2 .l. 3 segmental composition of the test words 27 2 .l. 4 Test sets 29 2.2 Informants 32 2.3 Re cord i ng 34 2.4 Registration and measurements 34 3 PROSODIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE Fo-CONTOURS 37 3.1 Single words 37 3 .l. l Terminal juncture 38 3 .l. 2 Sentence accent 41 3 .l. 3 Word accent 46 3.2 Two-word phrases and compounds 50 3.3 Extended domain of focus 57 4 THE BASIC Fo-CONTOURS 59 4.1 Basic contour 59 4.2 Basic word accent 59 4.2.1 Timing of word accent fall 60 4.2.2 Word accent maxima and minima 62 4.3 Basic sentence accent 64 4.3.1 Timing of sentence accent rise 65 4.3.2 Sentence accent minima and maxima 68 4.4 Basic terminal juncture 69 4.4.1 Timing of terminal juncture fall 69 4.4.2 Terminal juncture maxima and minima 71 5 INTERPLAY OF THE BASIC CONTOURS 74 5.1 Word accent + sentence accent 74 5 .l. l Timing of word accent fall 75 5 .l. 2 Word accent maxima and minima 75 5 .l. 3 Timing of sentence accent rise 78 5 .l. 4 Sentence accent maxima 79 5. 2 Sentence accent + word accent 80 5.2.1 Timing of sentence accent rise 80 5.2.2 Sentence accent maximum 81 5.2.3 Word accent maxima and minima 81 5.2.4 Timing of word accent fall 82 5. 3 Word accent + word accent 83 5. 3 .l Pre-focal word accents 83 5. 3. 2 Post-focal word accents 84 5.4 Sentence accent + terminal juncture 86 5.4.1 Timing of sentence accent rise 86 5. 4. 2 Timing of terminal juncture fall 88 5.5 Word accent + sentence accent + terminal 89 juncture 5.5.1 Timing of word accent fall 89 5.5.2 Word accent maxima and minima 90 5. 5. 3 Timing of sentence accent rise 91 5. 5. 4 Timing of terminal juncture fall 92 5.5.5 Terminal juncture maxima and minima 92 5.6 Conclusion 94 6 VALIDITY TESTING 97 6.1 Procedure 97 6 .l. l Speakers 97 6 .l. 2 Speech material 97 6 .l. 3 Measurements 98 6. 2 Prosodic contributions to the Fo-contours 98 6.2.1 Two-word phrases and compounds 98 6. 2. 2 Word accent distinction 99 6.3 The basic Fo-contours 102 6.4 Interplay of the basic contours 102 6. 4 .l Word accent + sentence accent 102 6.4.2 Sentence accent + word accent 103 6. 4. 3 Word accent + word accent 104 6. 4. 4 Word accent + sentence accent + terminal 104 j uneture 6.5 Conclusion 106 7 PERCEPTION OF SYNTHESIZED Fo-CONTOURS 110 7.1 Perception of the word accent distinction in 110 non-focal position 7 .l. l Background 110 7 .l. 2 Procedure 111 7 .l. 3 Results 113 7 .l. 4 Discussion 118 7.2 Perception of compounds and two-word phrases 120 7.2.1 Background 120 7.2.2 Procedure 121 7.2.3 Results 123 7.2.4 Discussion 127 8 A QUALITATIVE MODEL OF SWEDISH INTONATION 129 8.1 Previous models of Swedish intonation 129 8.2 Outline of model components 130 8.3 Pitch rules 131 8.3.1 Input information 131 8.3.2 Order i ng 131 8.3.3 Pitch levels 132 8.3.4 Temporal reference 132 8.3.5 Basic pitch rules 133 8.3.6 Context-dependent pitch rules 135 8.4 Fo-rules 137 8. 4 .l Base line 137 8. 4. 2 Basic and context-dependent Fo-rules 138 8.5 Join rules 140 9 SUMMAR Y 144 BIBLIOGRAPHY 149