SUTRA VAHINI Stream of Aphorisms on Brahman SATHYA SAI BABA Sutra Vahini 2 Contents Sutra Vahini 5 Preface 6 PREFACE 7 Stream of Aphorisms on Brahman 8 1. Thereafter, the inquiry into Brahman 11 Athaatho Brahma jijnaasa 11 2. Brahman is the Cosmic Source, Force, and Support 17 Janmaadyasya yathah 17 3. Brahman is the source of all knowledge 23 Sastra yonithwaath 23 4. All Vedantic axioms posit only Brahman 26 Thath thu samanvayaath 26 5. Consciousness, not matter, is the primal cause of the cosmos 29 Eekshather na asabdam 29 6. Supreme Self is the Primal Entity, not primordial matter 32 Gounascheth na, Atma sabdaath 32 7. Divine Will is the Cause of all Causes 35 Heyathwa-avachanaath-cha 35 8. Individual Merges in the Universal Brahman 38 Swaapyayaath 38 9. Omniscient Brahman, the Cause of the Cosmos 40 Sruthathwaath cha 40 10. Divine “Light” and Divine “Feet” 43 Jyothish charana-abhidhaanaath 43 11. Brahman as Cosmic Breath or Life 45 Pranas-thathaa-anugamaath 45 12. Brahman is the Universal Teaching 47 Sarvathra-prasiddhopadesaath 47 Glossary 48 Sutra Vahini Contents 3 Sutra Vahini Contents 4 Sutra Vahini SRI SATHYA SAI SADHANA TRUST Publications Division Prasanthi Nilayam - 515134 Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India STD: 08555 : ISD : 91-8555 Phone: 287375, Fax: 287236 Email: [email protected] URL www.sssbpt.org © 2014 Sri Sathya Sai Sadhana Trust, Publications Division, Prasanthi Nilayam P.O. 515 134, Anantapur District, A.P. (India.) All Rights Reserved. The copyright and the rights of translation in any language are reserved by the Publishers. 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International Standard Book Number: ISBN for this ebook edition will come later Published by: The Convener, Sri Sathya Sai Sadhana Trust, Publications Division Prasanthi Nilayam, Pincode 515 134, India STD: 08555 ISD: 91-8555 Phone: 287375 Fax: 287236 Sutra Vahini Sutra Vahini 5 Preface An aphorism (sutra) expresses the genus of its meaning in a few terse words. The Brahma Sutras systemati- cally explain the basic principles of Vedanta, the science of Supreme Reality. When contemplated, they reveal the innermost metaphysical secrets. Today, harmony is the need of the hour. The ephemeral world needs spiritual awareness, and this is what the Vedantins visualise. Vedic scriptures offer comforting counsel. They throw a kindly light. Man has distorted vision: he dotes on apparently real and also non-real phenomena. True vision makes him cognize the universal Being in nature’s creations. Realization of this awareness is liberation (moksha). The be-all and end-all of life of the human being is the realization of constant integrated awareness —of Brahman visualized both as the primary, absolute, supreme, unlimited entity and as its subsidiary cosmic creative aspect and mergence in Brahman. In this Stream of Aphorisms (Sutra Vahini) on Brahman, Bhagavan Sri Sathya Sai Baba has lighted the uni- versal lamp of the wisdom of Atma/Brahman (Divine Self). This stream of aphorisms first appeared in serialized form in Sanathana Sarathi. Bhagavan, in His infinite love, elaborated on the “Essence of Brahma Sutras in twelve selected aphorisms”. Bhagavan’s sublime and profound words and spiritual wisdom are indeed highly elevating and illuminating. Bathing in this pellucid Stream of Aphorisms, a person develops correct or true vision of Real- ity, bestowing supreme delight. In the words of Bhagavan Baba, “Acquisition of the higher knowledge alone can fulfill the main purpose of human life. Such knowledge makes one aware that one is not the inert insentient body, etc., but that one is consciousness itself manifesting as the embodiment of being-awareness-bliss (satchidananda). When this truth dawns and is experienced, one becomes a person liberated while alive.” This is the state of realization of the innate nature of a people —the divinity of humanity. Sutra Vahini Preface 6 Preface for this ebook edition This edition of Sutra Vahini improves on the previous edition. Grammatical errors and typos have been cor- rected, and some sentences have been rewritten to smooth and clarify the presentation —of course, without disturbing the meaning. Long paragraphs have been split logically in two to provide easier reading. Sanskrit words have been replaced by English equivalents, to make the text accessible to readers who do not know Sanskrit. However, since many Sanskrit words have no exact English equivalent, the accuracy of the text has been maintained by putting Sanskrit words in parentheses, after their English translations. Several Sanskrit words have made their way into the English language and can be found in most dictionaries —e.g. dharma, guru, and yoga. These words have been used without translation, although their meanings appear in the glossary at the end of the book. Finally, in the ebook version —either a .epub file for the Ipad or a .mobi file for the Kindle— clicking on a Sanskrit word, a person’s name, or a place may take you directly to the Glossary for the definition; a link on you reader should take you back to where you were reading. And you, the reader, can choose the font and font size that best suits your need. The Editor Sutra Vahini Preface for this ebook edition 7 Stream of Aphorisms on Brahman All the scriptures (sastras) derive their value and validity from their source: the Vedas. They lay down modes and norms in consonance with the principles and purposes defined in the Vedas. To discriminate between good and bad, one must resort to the scriptures. Vedas, the voice of the Divine The Vedas have no identifiable human authors; they are not from human beings. They emerged from God Himself and were “heard” by sages attuned to the voice of the Divine. These sages taught the words to their pupils, who in turn taught them to their disciples. This process of imparting the Vedas and the wisdom enshrined in them has continued through generation after generation of gurus and disciples up to our own times. The Upanishads are the very core of the Vedas, the very essence of their teachings. The Brahma Sutra and the Bhagavad Gita contain the very essence of the teachings of the Upanishads. Therefore, these three scriptural texts are designated as the “three fundamental texts (Prasthana Thraya)” of the science of spirituality. Since they were learned by listening to the guru, they are, along with the Vedas, named the “heard (sruthi)”. Acquisition of the higher knowledge alone can fulfill the main purpose of human life. Such knowledge makes one aware that one is not the inert non-sentient body, etc., but that one is consciousness itself manifesting as the embodiment of being-awareness-bliss (satchidananda). When this truth dawns and is experienced, one is liberated; one is freed from the fog of ignorance (a-jnana) even while life endures till its term ends. One becomes a person liberated while alive (jivan-muktha). Renunciation alone confers immortality The Kaivalya Upanishad declares: Not by means of works, not by means of human power, not by means of wealth, but by renunciation alone can immortality be attained. Na Karmanaa na prajayaa dhanena thyaagena eke amrithathwam-aanasuh The works referred to are rituals like sacrifices, sacred fire rites, vows, charities, donations to holy projects, pilgrimages, and ceremonial baths in sacred rivers and the ocean. Through such activities, one cannot achieve liberation (moksha) —that is to say, one cannot get rid of the veil of ignorance. “Not by means of human power” means the following: acquisition of positions of authority and power, of skill and intelligence, which can manipulate people and things, of fame and supremacy, of personal charm, of full health and happiness, or of a large family with many children —these cannot confer liberation on people. “Not by means of wealth” means the following: the works and activities mentioned above and the acquisition referred to can succeed only when one has wealth at their disposal. If one is not rich, one cannot venture into sac- rifices or ritual acts (karmas) or acquire authority, power, etc. But the Upanishad announces that spiritual wisdom (jnana) is not related to riches (dhana). And spiritual wisdom alone can lead to liberation. So, liberation cannot be Sutra Vahini Stream of Aphorisms on Brahman 8 earned by means of wealth. Wealth is not a means to attain liberation. Then what exactly is the means? The answer is: Renunciation alone can confer immortality. Thyagena eke amrithathwam aanasuh. The objective world (jagath) is unreal, non-existent, and the misunderstanding that it is real has to be re- nounced. The understanding that the idea of the objective world is a superimposition by our mind on the Reality is spiritual wisdom (jnana). Though the objective world appears real, one must be aware that it is deluding us. As a result, one has to give up the yearning for deriving pleasure from the objects that appear and attract, both here and hereafter. That is to say, one is liberated as soon as one renounces all attachment and all desires. The false knowledge (a-jnana) can be destroyed only when one knows the Atma (the Divine Self) principle. When the false knowledge disappears, the sorrow produced by one’s involvement in the ups and downs of the world of change (samsara) also gets destroyed. Humanity is the embodiment of bliss Ignorance (a-jnana) and sorrow cannot be destroyed by rituals and rites (karma); this is the lesson the Upa- nishads teach us. In fact, what is happening now is that people have forgotten their real nature. They believe that they are the body, the senses, etc. These crave for objective pleasures, and the people convince themselves that this pleasure is wanted by themselves. And, under this mistaken notion, they seek to fulfill the cravings. They delude themselves that they can secure bliss (ananda) by catering to the body and senses. However, such attempts cannot earn bliss. Instead, they are rewarded with disillusionment, defeat, and disaster. They reap sorrow and joy. Involvement in objective pleasure leads ultimately to grief, so one needs to be directed toward the right means to attain bliss. Wherefrom can one gain bliss? It does not inhere in external objects. The pleasure obtain- able from external objects brings with it grief as well. The Upanishads, the Brahma Sutra, and the Bhagavad Gita —the three source texts— clarify the truth that you are the very embodiment of bliss (ananda). These three sources help people attain the highest wisdom. Methods for knowing truth It is difficult to grasp the meanings of the aphorisms of the Brahma Sutra. Unless one has acquired the neces- sary qualifications, one cannot unravel and master them. What, then, are the qualifications? The scriptures lay down four spiritual disciplines that have to be earned as preliminary for knowing the truth of oneself. When one is equipped with them, the meanings of the aphorisms become as patent as a fruit on the palm. The Brahma Sutra is also known as Saririka Sastra and Vedanta Darsana. Sarira means the body, and sariri- ka means all the components of the embodied Atma —ego, senses, etc. Sastra implies “examining the nature of all these to the greatest possible degree”. That is to say, the scripture (sastra) establishes that Brahman (the Cosmic Self) is the basis on which all else is imposed and that one’s reality is Bliss itself. Now about the name Vedanta Darsana: Darsana means “vision”; it promotes the sight or experience of the truth. The Darsanas (six principal systems of ancient Indian philosophy) are well known. They have been pro- Sutra Vahini Stream of Aphorisms on Brahman 9 pounded by vision-blessed sages. Sankhya Darsana was established by Kapila. The Nyaya Darsana was authored by Gautama, the Vaiseshika by Kanada, the Purva Mimamsa by Jaimini, and the Uttara Mimamsa by Veda Vyasa. Among these, Kapila and Vyasa are believed by the sages to be partial embodiments of Vishnu Himself. The Brahma Sutra of Veda Vyasa confirmed and consolidated the Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta Darsana. The technique of exposition The Brahma Sutra adopts the technique of objection and conclusion to expound the truth. The aphorisms discuss contrary points of view in order to remove all possible doubts about the validity and meaning of Vedantic or Upanishadic statements. The body is taken to be the encasement (upadhi) for the “person (jivatma)”, and the Brahma Sutra explains its Reality. Hence, the Brahma Sutra is called the Ultimate Vision of Wisdom (Vedanta Darsana). The aphorisms (sutras) in the text number 555; some schools count them as 449. The word sutra means “that which, through a few words only, reveals vast meanings”. The quest for Supreme Reality The word mimamsa, as used in ancient Indian philosophy, means the conclusion arrived at after inquiry and investigation, the inference adopted as correct after deep consideration of possible doubts and alternatives. The Vedas deal with two concepts: dharma and Brahman. The Purva Mimamsa deals with rites and rituals (ka¬rma) as dharma. The Uttara Mimamsa (Concluding Validation) deals with Brahman and emphasises experi- ential wisdom (jnana). The Purva Mimamsa starts with the aphorism Thereafter, the inquiry on righteousness (dharma) (Athhaatho Dharma Jijnasa). The Uttara Mimamsa starts with, Thereafter, the inquiry into Brahman (Athhaatho Brahma Jijnasa). The awareness of Brahman cannot be won by the accumulation of wealth or even by the giving away of riches. Nor can it be achieved by reading texts, rising to power, acquiring degrees and diplomas, or performing scriptural sacrifices and rituals. The body is an anthill, with the mind inside the cavity. The mind has hidden in it the serpent named ignorance or nescience (a-jnana). The serpent cannot be killed by resorting to satisfaction-oriented works (kamya karma). Spiritual wisdom (jnana) is the only weapon that can kill it. “That person alone who has faith can secure wisdom (Shraddhaavaan labhathe jnanam).” And faith means steady faith in the statements laid down in scriptural texts. Sutra Vahini Stream of Aphorisms on Brahman 10