Sustainable Industrial Integrated Organic Aquaculture (SIIOA) Tilapia farm capable of producing 1600 tonnes per annum. SustAqua Fish Farms LTD. Prepared by Ramon M. Kourie February 2010 Sustainable Industrial Integrated Organic Aquaculture (SIIOA) Tilapia farm capable of producing 1600 tonnes per annum. Introduction (cid:137) Sustainable Industrial Integrated Organic Aquaculture" (abbrev. SIIOA) a new innovation in the agro-aquaculture sector. (cid:137) SIIOA = large-scale sustainable agro-ecological approach to aquaculture a new standard in food fish farming viz. food safety, production efficiency, community involvement and environmental impact. (cid:137) SIIOA = ECOSYSTEM approach to multi-trophic aquaculture. (cid:137) SIIOA = Includes two sub-farming systems; 1) BIOFLOC RAS - the fish rearing component (a second fish species is possible) and, 2) the AQUATIC PLANT NUTRIENT RECOVERY LAGOONS . (cid:137) Presentation introduces the SIIOA Tilapia farming model designed by SustAqua Fish Farms Ltd (R.S.A) presently being developed for Pacific Ltd t/a Chambo Fisheries near Limbe, Malawi. SIIOA Fish Farming Model - NITROGEN RECOVERY in TILAPIA'S Sub-farming system 1: Sub-farming system 2: Lemna minor BIOFLOC Tilapia Production Food Source Manure Input for Tilapia Sequential Water Use Tilapia = Zero Effluent Nutrient Recovery 24% protein diet at FCR of 1.3:1 THEN input N : output N of 1 : 0.506 (or 50.6%) in sub-farming system 1 - BIOFLOC RAS - and 22.1% N recovery through sub-farming system 2 - AQUATIC PLANT NUTRIENT RECOVERY LAGOONS. Combined N recovery for both sub-farming systems could approach 79% when 50% of the N voided by fish is recovered by the Lemna duckweed then processed and fed back to the fish at FCR = 1.3:1 giving a final N recovery contribution of 22.1% by Lemna duckweed when 25% of ration is fed as molasses to the tank. FEED COST per kg fish produced = US$0.178/kg whole fish at feed cost US$137/tonne. NITROGEN RECOVERY IN BIOFLOC RAS TILAPIA CULTURE 32% protein feed at FCR =1.3: 1 fed at 75% of full ration + 25% of full ration fed as molasses to the tank. C:N ratio = 16:1 %P fed = 32.475%*0.75 = 24.36% FCR = 1.3:1 Gives input : output N of 56.9% Input N = ((%P *10)/6.25)*FCR feed = ((24.36%*10)/6.25)*1.3 = 50.6g N fed/kg fish Output N = ((%P *10)/6.25) fish = ((18%*10)/6.25) Waste sent to Lemna duckweed nutrient = 28.8g N/kg fish recovery lagoons for further N recovery Input N: Output N = 28.8g N/50.6g N where 50% of voided N recovered by = 0.569 Lemna and final N recovery = 79% when fed to fish at FCR = 1.3:1 where 25% of or, = 56.9% nutrient inputs = molasses. Feed cost/kg fish at US$137/t (US$0.137/kg) Technology SUSTAINABLE = US$0.178/kg at FCR 1.3:1 NITROGEN RECOVERY IN TYPICAL CAGE CULTURE OF TILAPIA'S 32% protein feed at FCR =1.8: 1 Gives input : output N of 31.3% Input N = ((%P *10)/6.25)*FCR feed = ((32%*10)/6.25)*1.8 = 92.16g N fed/kg fish Output N = ((%P *10)/6.25) fish = ((18%*10)/6.25) = 28.8g N/kg fish Input N: Output N = 28.8gN/92.16gN = 0.3125 No opportunity to recover the wasted nutrients – all wasted or, = 31.25% nutrients discharged to surface Feed cost/kg fish at US$800/t (US$0.80/kg) water bodies. = US$1.26/kg at FCR 1.8 Technology NOT SUSTAINABLE Input/Output N Recovery and Feed Cost in Intensive Tilapia Culture. Input/Output Nitrogen (N) recovery and unit input feed costs as a function of fish rearing system Description of Production System and Feed Inputs Input/Output Feed cost N recovery, % as US$/kg fish 24%P at FCR at potentially <1.0: 1 in BIOFLOC RAS tanks, C:N ratio 16:1, US$137/t 79.00 0.1780 32%P at FCR 1.299: 1 in Greenwater RAS tanks, C:N ratio 8-10:1, US$165/t 64.72 0.2143 32%P at FCR 1.4074: 1 in clean-water tanks, extruded feed, US$800/t 39.97 1.1200 32%P at FCR 1.6336: 1 in clean-water tanks, pressed-pellets, US$700/t 34.43 1.1375 32%P at FCR 1.8:1 in large cages, extruded feeds, US$800/t 31.25 1.4400 Input/Output N Recovery as a function of fish rearing system and feed quality 24%P, FCR <1.0:1 BIOFLOC RAS tanks, C: N ratio 16:1, 22% N recovery via duckweed. 32%P, FCR 1.3:1Greenwater RAS, C:N ratio 8-10:1, 22% N recovery via duckweed. 32%P, FCR 1.4:1 Extruded Feed Clean-Water tanks, RAS or “Flow-through”no N recovery. 32%P, FCR 1.6:1 Pressed Feed Clean-Water tanks, RAS or “Flow-through”no N recovery. 32%P, FCR 1.8:1 Extruded Feed Cages, no N recovery. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 N Recovery, % Duckweed – packed with vitamins, minerals and good quality protein. Composition of the essential amino acids (% of protein) in fishmeal, soy bean meal and duckweed, Lemna gibba* and Lemna minor* Amino acid Fishmeal Soy bean meal Lemna gibba Lemna minor (Menhaden) (mech.extuded) (Hurfeish clone) (Hadera clone) Arginine 5.60 7.50 8.50 9.26 Histidine 2.60 2.50 2.20 2.30 Isoleucine 4.40 4.70 4.80 4.24 Leucine 7.40 7.70 8.20 7.80 Lysine 7.30 6.20 6.40 6.90 Methionine (+ Cystine) 3.90 2.50 2.40 2.00 Phenylalanine (+tyrosine) 7.20 8.60 6.00 9.44 Threonine 4.90 4.30 5.30 4.78 Tryptophan 1.30 1.30 nd nd Valine 5.30 4.80 6.00 5.57 * Values for Lemna gibba are averages from two sets of pooled data. Source data: Lemna gibba and Lemna minor from Portah etal 1979 A close-up view of the Lemna and Spirodelagenus of duckweed species. Fishmeal and soybean meal from NRC 1983. Single Module SIIOA BIOFLOC RAS – one of four = 1600 tonne per annum 60m 21.5m 33m J K G F B L I H N A M 72.5m 1 1 P P S S A A D A/ A/ C E 14.3m LEGEND A - 917m^2 Arizona solar ponds F - Floor Heat Exchanger K - Purging Tank B - Broodstock Pairing Tanks G - Blower room L - Inter-Tank Fish Transfer C - IFF Greenwater Nursery RAS H - Overhead Air Supply Pipeline Channel/ Effluent Channel D - IFF Greenwater Grow-Out RAS I - Overhead "Make-up" Water Supply Pipeline M - Lamella Separator (Soilds Removal) E - Laboratory/ Feed Store/ Hatching House J - Hydronic Hot Water Supply Pipeline N - Effluent Drainage Pipeline 1600 tonne per annum BIOFLOC - SIIOA Fish Farming Model. 670m D LEGEND B A- IFF 280t Module C B- Duckweed Lagoons C- Water Supply System D- Duckweed Drying E Tunnels E- Nutrified Reservoirs F- Moist Feed Drying Tunnels G- Molasses Storage H- Warehouse 1 I - Warehouse 2 A 520m H G F I SIIOA large-scale tilapia farm under development for Pacific LTD in Malawi. 1119 1122 152.7m 7m Move2md modules 1 and 2 down1 12.72.55mm 11.2mF14 a 9.Tn4do3 mSCaoFlled1s 8R Oofof2imcmeGboundytF1 8roF 21t oeoaf d reese ravndr po lEdgua a0 2r cd. .6 c5 cHemmuso0 l vsduw. 6 e is taimcrodetmu e mld evrioetaaedrmmrtupele te 1r from Limbe 7m 2m a 2cc.5emss w toid me oradmulpe 2 Culvert N 203.3m 23 0 2 dm 0 22 Mr dm 0 y.XMr dmoi y7nXMr ioi y7sgnX imoim7t sgn tim7ftu sg e t=mftnu ee t= fnnu1 dee= enn41de len04s1dlem04slm0s^m2^2^2 wBaletenrd teadnk A Prioznodna Reservoir 114.25m7m 7.75m2m sloped levee 2.5m F20 a 2cc.51 e0 mm s. 6 csc muwd utlioli vavdd ememeiarr teotrmatdeemurtleper 3 2 0 dm Mr yXoin i7sgmt tfu e=ne n1de4l0sm^2M M ot aotlaanlansksksseess W10omrk Xsh 5ompM o i s1t0 Fme eXd 5 Pmlant D r y D u c2k0wme eXd 1S0tmorage Shed D r y2 0Fmee Xd 1S0tomrage 7m Moved N6.25m an22dmm up 1m1.25m 0 a. 26cc.ucm5elmv sde siwra ttimod eem treoardm uple 4 5m 322.5m L 1= =2 3912040 Xm 2^52m^2 Pavemen6tm/ w salolkpweda ylevee 1.25m passageCem 4Moved S 1m up4.5m wide access road 2F.241m3m 2EGHmnou tuaXrasr dne3 cme D 6 = t0udu m7crn2yk niX0wnem egl1se^22dm 2 1 4 0 aSmmnto dXXre 66smm GHouuasrde 3.8m 82.3m Cemetery E g 2nr2ca1rvo9emayca^hr2ding Chiwebe Stream A reqcuoavtiecr yp llaangto nountsri ent enAcrcocaecshs erdo agrd atvoeyard A 2= =6 627657m X^ 225m^2 L =1 1 =7 260808m X^ 225m^2 A 1 = = 5 231240 mX ^225m^2 Misesa School 1139 g ( raAaprvpeerayo apxr.rd o8 p5reo0ps0lemadc^ ef2om)rent SAcrheoao dl oenxaptaends ifoonr