Green Energy and Technology Federica Cucchiella Lenny Koh Editors Sustainable Future Energy Technology and Supply Chains A Multi-perspective Analysis Green Energy and Technology More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059 Federica Cucchiella Lenny Koh (cid:129) Editors Sustainable Future Energy Technology and Supply Chains A Multi-perspective Analysis 123 Editors Federica Cucchiella Lenny Koh Department ofIndustrial andInformation Centrefor Energy, Environmentand EngineeringandEconomics Sustainability (CEES) University of L’Aquila TheUniversity of Sheffield Management L’Aquila School Italy Sheffield UK ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy andTechnology ISBN978-3-319-02695-4 ISBN978-3-319-02696-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02696-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015939825 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia (www.springer.com) To my brother, that does not become a slave of habit, repeating same path every day, that risks wearing a new color and speaks to who you does not know. To my brother that does not make the television his guru, that does not avoid a passion, thatdoesnotpreferblackonwhiteanddotted “i”s to a whirlwind of emotions, precisely those that rescue the brilliance of one’s eyes, smiles from yawns, hearts from disappointments and sorrows. To my brother, who risks the certain for the uncertain to follow a dream, who permits himself at least once in his life, to flee from sensible advice. To my brother who does not pass the days complaining of his bad luck or of the incessant rain, who does not abandon a project before starting it, Thanks my lovely Antonello, you are my difference from the simple fact of breathing and to be alive. With love, FC Preface Sustainable Future Energy Technology and Supply Chains (Springer) Thisbookisstructuredintothreesectionswithatotalofsevenchaptersaltogether. Part 1 deals with energy investment management and decisions; Part 2 deals with socioeconomic models for energy security for space and society with a territorial perspective; Part 3 deals with resource efficiency to ensure energy availability. Part 1: Chapters 1, 2, 3 The first three chapters deal with problems of investment management under three different perspectives. “A Robust Model to Enhance Organisation Boardrooms’ Decision-Making Process Towards a Low Carbon Economy” presents a decision support model which seeks to provide stakeholders with a better understanding of how to effectively conduct energy savings investment to promote energy conser- vation and sustainability within organisation. “An Intelligent Prediction of Self- Produced Energy” gives a support to decision of cogenerated and self-produced energy,asolutionwhichallowsthereuseofheatproduced,decreasestransmission investments, reduces carbon emissions, and decreases dependency on energy resource owners. “An Analysis of Supply Chains in Renewable Energy Industries: aSurveyinItaly”isfocusedonincentivesofpublicsector.Incentiveschemeshave driven the deployment of energy produced from renewable energy sources; how- ever, when a country decides to reduce these incentives, a shock knock on effect ensues.Theaimofthischapteristoevaluatetheevolutionofthesupplychainina mature market and to analyze the issues in-depth by focusing on the Italian renewable energy industry. vii viii Preface Part 2: Chapters 4, 5 The chapters in Part 2 analyze the renewable topic under a more territorial per- spective. “Renewable Energy Sources in Minor Historical Centers. New Scenarios ofSustainableDevelopmentofTheTerritory”takesaframeofreferenceinamore limited manner, and it is focused on the historical centers. The attention placed on thehistoricvillagesstemsfromthedesiretoachieveanambitiousgoal,namelythe revival and revitalization of the territory in order to increase the overall level of quality and technological innovation, to avert the risk of depopulation and aban- donment of human settlements. Moreover, the promotion of the reuse of existing buildingsorstructurescouldavoidtheconstructionofnewbuildingcomplexesthat wouldcause,inevitably,afurtheruseoftheland.Finally,thepromotionoftheuse of energy from renewable sources would allow a significant reduction in con- sumptionlevels.“RegionalEnergyPortfolioConstruction:CaseStudiesinTurkey” isbasedonaterritorialperspectivewithawiderfocusonaTurkeyregion.Ithasthe aimofdesigninghybridenergyportfoliomodelwithminimumenvironmentalcosts and minimum emissions, while the rate of energy investment to the regional rev- enueisincreased.Theportfolioisconstructedbasedonfiveresources:solarenergy, wind energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, and hydropower besides natural gas. Part 3: Chapters 6, 7 The last section analyzes how to program energy efficiency in an optimal way and provides two approaches. The first of “Area Based Targeting: Providing Evidence to Support Public-Private Partnership in Energy Efficiency Projects” demonstrates howaLocalAuthoritycanworktoidentifyareasmostinneedofenergyefficiency measures, working in partnership with private sector contractors. Moreover in the chapter it is defined how Local Authorities can adopt a stakeholder approach in ordertomaximizethebenefitforthelocalarea,anddevelopefficiencyandvaluefor money supply chain operation and organization. “Energy Demand Side Management in the Lack of Smart Grids” aims to minimize the negative effects on grid instability of districts caused by high power demanding industrial users, where a unique electricity-generating center supplies power. A MINLP model is proposed. This is how the users of developing countries who have no smart elec- tricitygridscanmakecontributionstoenergymanagementfollowingthedeveloped DSM programs. Federica Cucchiella Lenny Koh Contents Part I Investment Management A Robust Model to Enhance Organisation Boardrooms’ Decision-Making Process Towards a Low Carbon Economy . . . . . . . . 3 T. Ibn-Mohammed, Lenny Koh, A. Acquaye and S. Taylor An Intelligent Prediction of Self-produced Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Ayca Altay and Aykut Turkoglu An Analysis of Supply Chains in Renewable Energy Industries: A Survey in Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Davide Chiaroni, Marco Chiesa, Vittorio Chiesa, Federica Cucchiella, Idiano D’Adamo and Federico Frattini Part II Territorial Perspective Renewable Energy Sources in Minor Historical Centers. New Scenarios of Sustainable Development of the Territory . . . . . . . . 75 Marianna Rotilio, Pierluigi De Berardinis and Federica Cucchiella Regional Energy Portfolio Construction: Case Studies in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Gulgun Kayakutlu and Secil Ercan ix