Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering G.L. Sivakumar Babu Sireesh Saride B. Munwar Basha Editors Sustainability Issues in Civil Engineering Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13593 G.L. Sivakumar Babu (cid:129) Sireesh Saride B. Munwar Basha Editors Sustainability Issues in Civil Engineering Editors G.L.SivakumarBabu SireeshSaride DepartmentofCivilEngineering DepartmentofCivilEngineering IndianInstituteofScienceBangalore IndianInstituteofTechnologyHyderabad Bengaluru,Karnataka Sangareddy,Telangana India India B.MunwarBasha DepartmentofCivilEngineering IndianInstituteofTechnologyHyderabad Sangareddy,Telangana India ISSN2363-7633 ISSN2363-7641 (electronic) SpringerTransactionsinCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering ISBN978-981-10-1928-9 ISBN978-981-10-1930-2 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-981-10-1930-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016955959 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingaporePteLtd. Preface Sustainability issues in civil engineering have been the topic of discussions and intense debate among civil engineering professionals and academics worldwide. Many universities across the globe are now offering courses on sustainability in civilengineeringprogramsatbothundergraduateandgraduatelevels.Thetopicis alsoatthecoreofmanyprofessionalcertificationprograms. Sustainabilityissuesbecomemorepronouncedindevelopingeconomies,which have high economic and infrastructural growth rates. This edited volume on Sustainability Issues in Civil Engineering is an outcome of deliberations and discussions in the “International Conference on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure” heldon17–18October2014inHyderabad,India.Thisinternationalconferencewas organized by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)_ India Section in association with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad. At the conference,severalkeynotelecturesweredelivered,whichhavebeenincorporated aschaptersinthisbook.Inaddition,afewinvitedexpertsoutsideoftheconference havecontributedchapterstomakethisvolumecomplete. Chapter 1 is on the usage of construction and demolition materials in road construction in which Prof. Arulrajan and his colleagues from Australia present the evaluation of suitability of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), crushed brick (CB), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and waste rock (WR) as embankment fills,pavementbase/subbase,andpipebeddingapplications. In Chap. 2, Prof. Filippo Practico from Italy presents an approach to estimate costsandbenefitswhenoneuses(1)perviouspavements,(2)continuousmonitor- ingofpavementstructuralcondition,(3)reinforcementtoincreaselifeexpectancy, and(4)recyclinginpavements. Prof. Veeraraghavan and Ms. Nivedya from IIT Madras present the results of characterization of bituminous stabilized mixes (BSH) in Chap. 3. They also present the evaluation of sections which are constructed with cold in-place recycling(CIPR)technologyinIndia. v vi Preface InChap.4,Prof.Partha ChakrabortyofIITKanpurpresentstheroleofintelli- gent transportation systems in the context of sustainable transportation for Indian cities. Prof. Animesh Das of IIT Kanpur presents economic sustainability consider- ationsinasphaltpavementdesignandexaminestheroleofalternativematerialsand technologiesinChap.5. InChap.6,Prof.SireeshSarideandhiscolleaguesfromIITHyderabadpresenta sustainabledesignforruralroadsinIndiausingreclaimedasphaltmaterials. Prof. Sarvesh Chandra of IIT Kanpur discusses sustainability issues in railway tracksinChap.7andadvocatestheuseofgeosyntheticsinrailways. Chapter 8 presents the use of system approach to identify and evaluate sustainability policy and practices in road construction industry. This article by Prof. Rajib B. Mallick demonstrates the ideas with an example of road con- struction and its impact and the use of recycling for achieving sustainable road construction. Prof. Hemanta Hazarika and his colleagues from Kyushu and Kochi Universi- ties, Japan, walk us through Great East Japan earthquake disasters and success storiesoftheinnovativetireretainingwall,whichsurvivedduringtheearthquake. They propose a new concept of using waste tires behind seawalls to protect them fromdevastatingtsunamiimpactforcesinChap.9. Prof.K.RajagopalandMs.AnjanaofIITMadraspresenttheusesofreinforced piled embankments for sustainable infrastructure development in Chap. 10. They investigatetheperformanceoftheseembankmentsinsoftsoil. Chapter11presentsthestudiesofProf.HoyosandProf.AnandPuppalaofthe University of Arlington, USA, in modeling the unsaturated geomaterials for sus- tainablegeotechnicaldesigns. Chapter12addressestheuseofundergroundspaceforsustainableurbandevel- opmentinwhichProf.T.G.SitharamofIISc,Bangalore,presentstheexperiences inundergroundmetroconstruction. Prof. Murali Krishna Adapa and Mr. Bali Reddy S from IIT Guwahati demonstrate the advantages of adopting sand-tire chips mixture as a sustainable materialinvariousgeo-engineeringapplicationsinChap.13. Chapters 14 and 15, contributed by Prof. G.L. Sivakumar Babu of IISc, Bangalore, address the sustainability issues in landfills and use the appropriate environmental,social,andeconomicindicatorstoanalyzethecasesconsidered. Prof. Krishna Reddy and Ms. Bala Yamini Sadasivam of the University of Illinois, Chicago, USA, present approaches to select appropriate sustainable tech- nologiesforremediationofcontaminatedsitesandillustratethemwithcasestudies inChap.16. Chapter17presentsthedevelopmentofanewdisinfectionsystemwhichhasthe potentialtoreplaceconventionalsystems,andthestudiesofProf.LigyPhilipand her students from IIT Madras clearly establish the supremacy of the proposed system. Chapter 18 presents the use of pre-engineered bamboo structures as a step toward sustainable construction. This article by Prof. Suresh Bhalla and his Preface vii co-workerfromIITDelhiprovidesusefulinsightsontheuseofbambooinhousing construction. Chapter19presentshowthearchitecturalengineeringprofessionalsincorporate sustainability concepts in practice. Mr. Anchuri and Prof. N. V. Ramana Rao illustratetheprinciplesofsustainabilityinaconsistentmanner. InChap.20,Mr.ChetanHazareeandhiscolleaguespresentacasestudyoflong- distance pumping of concrete and demonstrate how sustainable solutions were implementedinthisuniquecase. Wewishtoplaceonrecordoursincerethanksandappreciationtoalltheexperts andcontributorstothisspecial volume.We wishtothankSpringerforpublishing thisimportantcontributionintheareaofsustainablepracticesincivilengineering construction. Bengaluru,Karnataka,India G.L.SivakumarBabu Sangareddy,Telangana,India SireeshSaride Sangareddy,Telangana,India B.MunwarBasha Contents PartI SustainableTransportationSystems 1 SustainableUsageofConstructionandDemolitionMaterials inRoadsandFootpaths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ArulArulrajah,MahdiM.Disfani,andSuksunHorpibulsuk 2 AFewDilemmasPertainingTransportationInfrastructures andTheirSustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 FilippoG.Pratico 3 Bitumen-StabilisedMaterialsforSustainableRoad Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 M.K.NivedyaandA.Veeraragavan 4 SustainableTransportationforIndianCities:RoleofIntelligent TransportationSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ParthaChakroborty 5 EconomicSustainabilityConsiderationsinAsphaltPavement Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 AnimeshDas 6 SustainableDesignofIndianRuralRoadswithReclaimed AsphaltMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Sireesh Saride, Anu M. George, Deepti Avirneni, and B. Munwar Basha 7 SustainabilityofRailwayTracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 SarveshChandraandDevansheeShukla 8 UsingSystemDynamicstoIdentify,Evaluate,andImplement SustainablePoliciesandPracticesintheRoadConstruction Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 RajibB.MallickandMichaelJ.Radzicki ix x Contents PartII SustainableGeosystems 9 ResilientandSustainableGeotechnicalSolution:Lessons Learnedfromthe2011GreatEastJapanDisaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 HemantaHazarika,TadashiHara,andYasuhideFukumoto 10 ReinforcedPiledEmbankmentsforSustainableInfrastructure Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 K.RajagopalandAnjanaBhasi 11 ExperimentalModelingofUnsaturatedIntermediate GeomaterialsforSustainableDesignofGeotechnical Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 LaureanoR.HoyosandAnandJ.Puppala 12 UndergroundSpaceforSustainableUrbanDevelopment: ExperiencesfromUrbanUndergroundMetroConstructions inIndia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 T.G.SitharamandS.D.AnithaKumari 13 Sand–TireChipMixturesforSustainableGeoengineering Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 S.BaliReddyandA.MuraliKrishna 14 EvaluationofBioreactorLandfillasSustainableLand DisposalMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 P.Lakshmikanthan,L.G.Santhosh,andG.L.SivakumarBabu PartIII SustainableEnvironmentalandWaterResources 15 AssessmentofLandfillSustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 G.L.SivakumarBabu,P.Lakshmikanthan,andL.G.Santhosh 16 ApproachestoSelectingSustainableTechnologies forRemediationofContaminatedSites:CaseStudies. . . . .. . . . .. 271 BalaYaminiSadasivamandKrishnaR.Reddy 17 DisinfectionofWaterUsingPulsedPowerTechnique: EffectofSystemParametersandKineticStudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 RajKamalSingh,VigneshwarBabu,Ligy Philip, andSarathi Ramanujam PartIV SustainableStructuralSystems 18 Pre-engineeredBambooStructures:AStepTowards SustainableConstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 SureshBhalla,RogerP.West,DiwakerBhagat, MukulGupta,andAaartiNagpal