Marijana Vuković Survival and Success of an Apocryphal Childhood of Jesus Studies of the Bible and Its Reception Editorial Board: Constance M. Furey, Joel Marcus LeMon, Brian Matz, Thomas Römer, Jens Schröter, Barry Dov Walfish, and Eric Ziolkowski Volume 21 Marijana Vuković Survival and Success of an Apocryphal Childhood of Jesus Reception of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas in the Middle Ages ISBN 978-3-11-075272-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-075278-6 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-075285-4 ISSN 2195-450X Library of Congress Control Number: 2021951143 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Logo: Martin Zech Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com To Sandro, Salome, and our life in Oslo Acknowledgements ThisbookisareviseddoctoralthesisdefendedattheUniversityofOslo,theDe- partment of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art, and Ideas. Its writing com- mencedin2013andwasbroughttocompletionin2017.Theresearchandwriting werefacilitatedthankstothegenerousgrantoftheResearchCouncilofNorway, which supported the project “Tiny Voices from the Past: New Perspectives on ChildhoodinEarlyEurope,”underwhosethematicumbrellamythesiswaswrit- ten.BesidestheResearchCouncilofNorway,thefinancialassistanceoftheFac- ulty of Humanities and the Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art, and Ideas of the University of Oslo for supporting my research-related travels are greatly appreciated. My advisor, Reidar Aasgaard, gathered a fantastic crew in Oslo to work on theprojectinastimulatingandwelcomingatmosphere.IwishtorefertoReidar andtheteammembersVilleVuolanto,OanaMariaCojocaru,ChristianLaes,Cor- nelia Horn, MarciaJ. Bunge, Merethe Roos,andtoacknowledge wonderful mo- ments of exchange and encouragement we had during those years. SomeofmymostmomentouspersonalepisodessparkedthoseyearsinOslo. It may have been a mere coincidence that Iwasgifted a child of myownwhile studyingchildhoodandchildrenofthepast.Mystudiesandmynewlyattained motherhoodsolidifiedimmensepersonalgrowthandtransformation.Thanksto these fortunate and some other heavy personal episodes, those years in Oslo changed me for good. For better or worse, friends and colleagues’ presence and support meant the world to me. Inthefinalphasesofmywriting,IbenefitedfromthevaluableadviceofIn- gelaNilsson,whowasasourceofexceptionalinspirationandencouragement.I immensely appreciated the critical comments I received from Stephen Davis, Mary Dzon, and Christine Amadou before and during my doctoral defense. I owemuch to Liv IngeborgLied,whointroducedme to theworldofNew Philol- ogy.CorneliaHornfacilitatedmyresearchstayinBerlinin2015,forwhichIam very grateful. Finally, my appreciation goes to all my friends and colleagues at theDepartmentofPhilosophy,Classics,HistoryofArtandIdeas,theDepartment ofTheologyoftheUniversityofOslo,andtheNorwegianSchoolofTheology,Re- ligion, and Society (MF). Myresearchwouldnotbepossiblewithoutthesourcematerialfromdiffer- ent manuscript libraries. For the courtesy of providing access to medieval manuscriptsandotherresources,Iwishtothankthefollowing manuscriptli- braries: Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris), Bibliothèque Saint-Gene- viève (Paris), Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg), https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110752786-001 VIII Acknowledgements State Historical Museum (Moscow), Bibliothèque municipale (Dijon), Burger- bibliothek (Berne), Corpus Christi College (Cambridge), and Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (Vienna). Lastly,mytinyfamilyofthreewhoaccompaniedmeduringthoseseasons wasthemotiveandtheinspirationformyworkandmylife.Iwishtoacknowl- edgeSandroandSalomeforeverythingIdidduringthoseyears,includingthis book. Contents Chapter 1 New Philology and Early Christian Text 1 Chapter 2 Codex and Genre of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas 40 The oldest witness 43 Late antique Syriac tradition 47 Georgian evidence 51 Eleventh-century Byzantine evidence 56 Eleventh-century Latin evidence 59 The Infancy Gospel of Thomas in the thirteenth-century Byzantium 64 Thirteenth-century Latin manuscripts 67 Slavonic evidence 76 Fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscripts 83 Fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Latin manuscripts 89 Apocryphal manuscript geography and the changing genre of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas 93 Chapter 3 The Infancy Gospel of Thomas as Text: Transformations of Structure 101 Pseudo-temporal order 104 Narrative logic 119 Pseudo-duration 127 Intra- and inter-lingual connections 157 Chapter 4 Childhood, Family and Everyday Life in the Infancy Gospel of Thomas 161 Presence of Joseph and Mary 164 Jesus’ obedience to his parents 170 Parents’ punishment and encouragement 178 Jesus’ siblings 183 Jesus and his peers 185 Jesus and teachers 189 Jesus’ education 193 Jesus’ physical work 203 Jesus’ anger and cursing 204 Jesus’ family and community 209 X Contents Housing 215 Healing and sorcery 222 Theology, non-contested matters, and the humanization of the child Jesus 224 Chapter 5 Jesus’ Childhood in East and West 229 Appendix The Edition of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas in the Latin, Greek, and Church Slavonic manuscripts used in this book 236 Bibliography 289 Manuscripts 289 Secondary literature 289 Index 309