Surgical Anatomy Joseph Maclise The Project Gutenberg EBook of Surgical Anatomy, by haddisintegrated,butthepaperandprintingwasinamaz- Joseph Maclise ingly good This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost condition, particularly the multicolor images. and with Thanks also to the Mayo Clinic. This book has increased almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give my appreciation it away or of their skilled care of my case by showing the many ways re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License that things included could go wrong. with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Footnotes are indicated by “[Footnote]” where they appear Title: Surgical Anatomy in the text. Author: Joseph Maclise The body of the footnote appears immediately following the complete Release Date: January 27, 2008 [EBook #24440] paragraph. If more than one footnote appears in the same Language: English paragraph, they Character set encoding: ASCII are numbered. *** START OFTHISPROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A few obvious misspellings have been corrected. Several SURGICAL ANATOMY *** cases of Produced by Don Kostuch alternate spelling of the same(?) word have not been mod- [Transcriber’s Notes] ified. Thanks to Carol Presher of Timeless Antiques, Valley, Al- Pages have been reorganized to avoid splitting sentences abama, for and paragraphs. lendingtheoriginalbookforthisproduction. The140year Each image is inserted immediately following its descrip- old binding tion. Some of the plates did not fit on the scanner and were Pronounced, generalized edema; accumulation of serous captured as two fluid in various separate images. The merged images show some artifacts tissues and cavities of the body. of the merge anastomosing (anastomoses, anastomosis) process due to slightly different lighting of the page. The Communication between blood vessels by means of collat- contrast and eral channels, gamma values have been adjusted to restore the images. when usual routes are obstructed. Opening between two To view a figure while reading the corresponding text, try organs or spaces opening the that normally are not connected. file in two windows. For some viewers, you may have to aneurism copy the file and Localizedblood-filleddilatationofabloodvesselcausedby open both the copy and the original. disease Here are the definitions of some words used in the text. or weakening of the vessel’s wall. Medical terms anthropotomist (anthropotomy) are defined only relating to humans. Words are omitted that have One versed in human anatomy. ambiguousortechnicalmeaningsnotexpressibleinlaylan- aorta (aortic) guage. Main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from acromial (acromion) the left Outward end of the spine of the scapula or shoulder blade. ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs. adipose apices (plural of apex) Consisting of, resembling, or relating to fat. Pointed end of an object; the tip. anasarca aponeurosis Sheet-like fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened ten- bistoury don, that Long, narrow surgical knife for minor incisions. servesasafasciatobindmusclestogetherorasameansof bougie connecting muscle to bone. Slender,flexibleinstrumentintroducedintobodypassages, armamentaria to dilate, Complete equipment of a physician or medical institution, examine, or medicate. including brachial (brachio) books, supplies, and instruments. Belonging to the arm. auscultation bubonocele Listening, eitherdirectlyorthroughastethoscopeorother Inguinal hernia, in which the protrusion of the intestine is instrument, to sounds within the body as a method of di- limited agnosis. to the region of the groin. axilla (axillary) cannula Armpit. Metal tube for insertion into the body to draw off fluid or to azygos introduce medication. Occurring singly; not one of a pair. carotid bifid Two large arteries, one on each side of the head. Separated or cleft into two equal parts or lobes. cephalic biliary Relating to the head. Relating to bile, the bile ducts, or the gallbladder; trans- porting cervical bile. Pertaining to the neck. chlorotic A smoothly grooved instrument used with a knife to limit the incision Benign iron-deficiency anemia in adolescent girls, marked by a pale of tissues. yellow-green complexion. distal clavicle Situated away from the point of origin or attachment. Either of two slender bones extending from the upper part dropsy (dropsical) (edema) of the Swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in sternum (breastbone) to the shoulder. cells, coaptation tissues, or serous cavities Joining together of two surfaces, such as the edges of a emphysema wound or the Chronic,irreversiblediseaseofthelungs;abnormalenlarge- ends of a broken bone. ment of condyle air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the tissue Smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming part of a joint. lining the walls of the air spaces. costal emunctory Pertaining to the ribs or the upper sides of the body. Organorductthatremovesorcarrieswastefromthebody. cremaster epigastric (epigastrium) Suspensory muscle of the testis. Upper middle region of the abdomen. crural episternal Relating to the leg or thigh. See sternum. director esophagus See oesophagus. foramen (foramina) euphoneously (euphoniously) Opening, orifice, or short passage, as in a bone. Pleasant in sound; agreeable to the ear; fossa (fossae) exigence Small cavity or depression, as in a bone. hepatic Urgency, need, demand, or requirement intrinsic to a cir- cumstance. Pertaining to the liver. extravasation herniae (hernia) Exudingorpassingoutofavesselintosurroundingtissues; Protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in its said of surrounding blood, lymph or urine walls, especially in the abdomen. fascia humerus Abandofconnectivetissuesupporting,orbindingtogether Boneinthearmofhumansextendingfromtheshoulderto internal the elbow. organs or parts of the body. hydragogue femoral Cathartics that aid in the removal of edematous fluids and thus Pertainingto,orsituatedat,in,ornearthethighorfemur. promote the discharge of watery fluid from the bowels. fistula hydrocele Abnormalductorpassageresultingfrominjury,disease,or An accumulation of serous fluid, usually about the testis. a hydrops congenitaldisorderthatconnectsanabscess,cavity,orhol- low organ See dropsy. Edema. to the body surface or to another hollow organ. iliac artery Commoniliacartery—eitheroftwolargearteriesthatcon- integument duct blood Natural covering, coating, enclosure, etc., as a skin, shell, to the pelvis and the legs. External iliac artery—the outer or rind. branch of laryngotomy an iliac artery that becomes the femoral artery. Hypogas- Cutting into the larynx, from the outside of the neck, to tric assist artery—internal iliac artery; the inner branch of an iliac respiration, or to remove foreign bodies. artery ligature that conducts blood to the gluteal region. Thread or wire for constriction of blood vessels or for re- infundibuliform moving Shaped like a funnel. tumors by strangulation. inguinal lithotomy Relating to, or located in the groin. Surgery to remove one or more stones from an organ or innominate duct. Designated parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate meatus artery, a great Bodyopeningsuchastheopeningoftheearortheurethral branchofthearchoftheaorta;theinnominatevein,agreat canal. branch metamorphosis of the superior vena cava. Profound change in form from one stage to the next, as inosculate from the Unitebyopenings;connectorjoinsoastobecomeormake caterpillar to the pupa and from the pupa to the adult continuous, butterfly. as fibers; blend, unite intimately micturition Passing urine; urination. Salivary gland situated at the base of each ear; near the ear. nares (naris) percussion Nostrils or the nasal passages. Striking or tapping the surface the body for diagnostic or nisus therapeutic Effort or endeavor to realize an aim. purposes. occiput pericardii (pericardium) Back part of the head or skull. A double membranous sac protecting the heart. The layer oesophagus (esophagus) in contact Muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from with the heart is referred to as the visceral layer, the outer the pharynx to layer the stomach. in contact with surrounding organs is the parietal peri- cardium. osseous peritoneum (peritonaeum) Bone, bony; Serousmembranethatlinesthewallsoftheabdominalcav- palmar ity and folds Pertaining to, or located in the palm of the hand. inward to enclose the viscera. paracentesis pharynx (pharyngeal) Puncture of the wall of a cavity to drain off fluid. The cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, parietes that connects Wall of a body part, organ, or cavity. the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus. parotid physiology (physiologist) Biological study of the functions of living organisms and Relatingtothehollowpartofthelegbehindthekneejoint. their parts. probang platysma Long, slender, elastic rod with a sponge at the end. It is Broad,thinmuscleoneachsideoftheneck,fromtheupper introduced part of into the esophagus or larynx to remove foreign bodies or the shoulder to the corner of the mouth. They wrinkle the introduce skin of the medication. neck and depresses the corner of the mouth. pudic pleura Pertaining to the external organs of generation. Thinserousmembraneinmammalsthatenvelopseachlung and folds back pyriform to make a lining for the chest cavity. Shaped like a pear. pleuritic (pleurisy) radius Inflammation of the pleura, often as a complication of a Bone of the forearm on the thumb side. (See ulnar) disease such ramus aspneumonia,accompaniedbyaccumulationoffluidinthe A branch, as of a nerve, or blood vessel. pleural raphe cavity, chills, fever, and painful breathing and coughing. plexus Seamlike union between two parts or halves of an organ. Network, as of nerves or blood vessels. ratiocination pneumothorax Logical reasoning. Air or gas in the pleural cavity. sacculated popliteal Formed with or having saclike expansions. scirrhus Junction of two bones. Hard dense cancerous growth usually arising from connec- symphysis tive tissue. Growing together, or the fixed or nearly fixed union, of septa bones. Thinpartitiondividingtwocavitiesorsoftmassesoftissue. taxis sternum Replacing of a displaced part, or the reducing of a hernia, by Bonesextendingalongthemiddlelineoftheventralportion of the manipulation without cutting. body of most vertebrates, consisting in humans of a flat, tegument (tegumentary, integument) narrow bone Natural outer covering. connected with the clavicles and the true ribs; breastbone. thorax (thoracic) stricture Trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing the Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage. cavity enclosed subclavian by the ribs, sternum, and certain vertebrae, containing the heart, Beneath the clavicle. lungs, etc.; chest. submaxillary trachea (tracheal) Pertaining to the lower jaw. Tubedescendingfromthelarynxtothebronchiandcarry- sui generis ing air to the The only example of its kind; a class of its own; unique lungs. Windpipe. superficies trephine (trephining) Outward appearance. Small circular saw with a center pin mounted on a strong sutural hollow metal