SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES X SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES X Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies held in Singapore September 2-4, 1996 Editors (Proceedings) T. S. Sudarshan Materials Modification Inc. 2929-Pl, Eskridge Road Fairfax, VA 22031, U.S.A. K. A. Khor School of Mechanical &Production Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 M. Jeandin Ecole des Mines de Paris Centre des Materiaux P.M. FOURT B.P. 87, 91003 Evry Cedex, France The Institute of Materials London Book No. 668 Published in 1997 by The Institute of Materials 1,Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5DB, U.K. © The Institute of Materials 1997 ISBN 1-86125-022-3 Also available from The Institute of Materials Surface Modification Technologies V Surface Modification Technologies VII Surface Modification Technologies VIII Surface Modification Technologies IX Typeset, printed and bound in India by Emptek Inc., 70 Littles Road, Scarborough, Ontario MIB 5E2, Canada Contents Foreword xii Plenary Talks Tribological Properties of Several Coating Films Synthesised by Laser Assisted Plasma Spray Method 1 SHINYASASAKI Tribology (Sessions 1-4) Wear Behaviour of Coated Sucker Rod Couplings 13 GABYH. SONEGOand DONALDG. BELLOW Fretting Behaviour of TiN Coating 24 J.WEIs.FOUVRYP,H.KAPSAand L. VINCENT Crater Wear of TiN-Coated High-Speed-Steel Tool Inserts 37 S. C. LIM,C. Y. H. LIMand K. S. LEE Tribological Behaviour of Ion Deposited ZrN Coatings on Mild Steel Substrate 46 G. SUNDARARAJAMNA, NISHRoy and D. K. DAS Characterization and Tribological Behaviours of MoS Coatings 2 Deposited by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering 55 S. ZHANG,J. H. HSIEH,B. H. TAN,P.HING,and D. G. TEER An Experimental Investigation of Gear Spalling Phenomena 63 YANDING,BRUCET. KUHNELLand RHYSJONES Numerical Simulation of Nano-Indentation on Rough Surface 75 M. S. BOBJIand S. K. BISWAS Tribological Behaviour of Coatings in the Si-C System 87 C. BOHER,M. DUCARROIRS,. SCORDOand T. GREGOIRE Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NilAl Composite Coatings for Tribological Applications 102 Y.DING,D. O. NORTHWOODan,d A. T.ALPAS vi Surface Modification Technologies X The Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Wear Mechanisms of Metals and Hard Films in Tilted Pin on Plate Type Sliding Test 117 KAzuo HOKKIRIGAWAT,ERUKOKATO,TSUTOMUFUKuDA, MASANORISHINOOKAand JINTAKAHASHI Application of the Ball Cratering Method to Study Abrasive Wear 130 MARIANAH. STAIA,CESARE. ENRIQUEZ,ELIS. PueHI, DAVIDB. LEWISand M. JEANDIN The Effects of Powder Additives in Matrix Powder on Wear Resistance Coatings by LPPS and LPHS 144 SHINYASASAKI,Yun KAWAKAMI,HIROFUMISHIMURA,JEONGWHONCHOand YOSEUNGSONG Laser Processing (Sessions 1-2) Surface Modification Using High-Power Lasers: Influence of Surface Characteristics on Properties of the Laser-Processed Materials 153 B. DUBRUJEAUD,A. FONTES,P. FORGET,C. PAPAPHILIPPOU, C. SAINTE-CATHERINEM, . VARDAVOULIAaSnd M. JEANDIN High Average Power Nd:YAG Laser Beam Transformation Hardening and Cladding 179 K. WIEMER Laser Surface Processing of Cr Coated 9Cr-lMo Ferritic Steel for Improved Corrosion /Oxidation Resistance 195 A. K. PATTANAIKand A. S. KHANNA Surface Engineering with Lasers: an Application to Co-Base Materials 209 J. TH. M. DE HOSSON,L. DE MOL and VANOTTERLOO Evolution of Microstructure in Barium Titanate Thin Film Recrystallised by Laser 233 M. OKUTOMI,T. TSUKAMOTO,S. NIKI, and N. B. DAHOTRE Composite Layer Formation Using Preplaced Six Micron SiC Powder on p Ti-6AI-4V Surfaces through Laser Treatment ................................................• 243 S. MRIDHAand T. N. BAKER Surface Modification of Ethylene Propylene Rubber by Laser Grafting of Acrylic Acid 256 A. R. EKBATANI,H. MIRZADEHand A. A. KATBAB Surface Modification Technologies X Vll Thermal Spray (Sessions 1-3) The Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour of Thermal Sprayed Coatings in Fluidized Bed Combustor Systems 265 BUQIANWANG Thick Coatings of Co-Based Alloys by CDS Process 280 E. RAMous, A. ZAMBON,M. MAGRINI,B. BADANand M.BIANCO Suspension Plasma Spraying for Coatings and Powders Preparation: The Case of Hydroxyapatite 292 E. BOUYER,F. GITZHOFERand M. I. BOULOS Fabrication of Functionally Gradient TiN Coating by means of Reactive Plasma Spraying 306 o1l MAsAHIRo FUKUMOTO,SHIGEKAZUITOHand SHOGOITOH Synthesis of'Y - TiAI Intermetallic Compound by Mechanical Alloying and Reactive Plasma Spraying 319 HUANGHAIXIAO,JUHALAGERBOMand TuoMo TIAlNEN AI-Rich Hard Coatings on Al Alloy by Low-Pressure Plasma Spraying 334 KAZUHIRONAKATAand MITSUTAKAUSHIRODA Amorphous Phase Formed in HVOF WC-Co Coatings 349 CHANGJIULI, AKIRAOHMORIand KAZIMITANI Temperature-Variant Hardness Behaviour of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings 359 HYUNG-JuN KIM and YOUNG-GAK KWEON The Prospects for the Development of High Performance Alumina Coatings Using Detonation Gun Technique 369 G. SUNDARARAJAN,K. R. C. SOMARAJUand D. SRINIVASARAo CVDIPVD (Sessions 1-2) SiC Coating with Ti Using Plasma CVD Assisted with Laser 385 AKIHIKOUMEZAWA,RYUTAROMAEDA, MOTOIYAMAGUCHI, MITSUJIHIROHASHI,YOICHIMURAKOSHI,and TOSHIOSANO Comparative Tribological Study of PVD Coatings Rubbing Against Epoxy Moulding Compound 396 J. H. HSIEH, B. H. TAN, L. H. FONG,W. H. ZHANG,ANDS. ZHANG Adhesion of Magnetron Sputtered PVD Hard Coatings on Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloys Substrates .404 A. ROUZAUD,J. ERNOULT,P.JULIET,J. DANROC,and K. KOSKI viii Surface Modification Technologies X Tool Life and Workpiece Surface Integrity Evaluations when Machining Ti-6Al-4V with PVD Coated Tools .414 E. O. EZUGWUand Z. M. WANG Characterisation of Wear Resistance and Adhesion Strength of TiN Films Deposited by D.C. Magnetron Sputtering .427 SUNK. KIM,J. K. YooG. H. LEEand S. C. KWON Emerging Coating TechnologieslDiamond Films (Sessions 1-4) Composite Coatings: Manufacture, Properties and Application .436 S. STEINHAUSERand B. WIELAGE Ozone Activation of Polyolefins for Subsequent Surface Modification .451 EDUARDA. KULIK,LINDACAHALAN,MICHELVERHOEVEN,PATRICKCAHALAN, ROBINH. WESTand ALANJ. PAUL A1N Surface Hardening Film for Organic Photoconductors 464 X. S. MIAo, C. K. H. WONG,Y. C. CHAN,Y.W. LAM K. M. LEUNGand D. S. CHIU The surface Modification of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using a Metal Arc Heat Source 469 T. I. KHANand D. FOWLES Surface Composites: A Novel Method to Fabricate Adherent Interfaces 478 RAJIv SINGH,DONALDR. GILBERT,JAMESFITZ-GERALDand DONG-GuLEE Hydrogen-Free Tetrahedral Carbon (Ta-C) Films Preparation and Tribological Characterisation 487 B. K. TAY,X. SHI,D. I. FLYNN,and Z. SUN Polydimethylsiloxane Surface Modification by Laser Irradiation: A Novel Technique for the Preparation of Blood Compatible Materials 499 MOHAMMADKHORASANI,HAMIDMIRZADEHand PETERSAMMES Deposition of Th!n Films by UV Light Laser Ablation 508 RYUTAROMAEDAand KAORUKIKUCHI The Growth and Interface Characteristics of Diamond Films on Cemented Carbide Substrates 518 ZHOUKESONG,DAIMINGJIANG,WANGDEZHENG,FENGBIGUANG, Lru ZHENGYI,KUANGTONGCHUNand ZHANGLING Growth of Diamond Films/Crystals by Oxyacetylene Flame and Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition Techniques 527 W. ZHU,J.AHN,ANDB. H. TAN Surface Modification Technologies X IX The Processing and Characterisation of Diamond-Like Carbon Films 544 S. ZHANG,B. WANGANDJ. Y. TANG Stress and Strain in Heteroepitaxial Diamond Thin Film on Si 561 VITfAYAAMORNKITBAMRUNG Surface Modification by Plasma Ion and Ion Beam Implantation 570 IMADF.HUSEIN,YUANZHONGZHOU, SHUQIN ANDCHUNGCHAN Application Testing,Corrosion and Characterisation (Sessions 14) Effect of Anodised Coatings on Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in an Aluminium Alloy 582 A. M. CREE, G. W. WEIDMANN Effects of WPC Treatment on Surface Strength of Metals 594 JUNJISUGISHITA,NOBORUEGAMI,IKuo USAMI,MOTOHIRAYAMADA, YOSHIOMIYASAKAand KAZUTERUNAKASHIMA Fracture Mechanical Tests to Determine the Adhesive Quality of Metal Coatings on Polymers 607 H. SAUERANDH. WEIB Adhesion Test of Electroless Nickel Deposit on Silicon Wafer 613 TSONG-lENYANGANDCHUNG-WEN Wu Comparison of Coating Failure Induced by Indentation and Bending Test .... 623 C. ANGELI~LISANDE. FELDER,M. DUCARROIRANDS. SCORDO,M. IGNAT Sample Preparation Technique for Metallography of Surface Coatings 641 ANDERSESKLING Metallographic Aspect and Erosion Characteristics of Surface Hardened Ni-Al Bronze 655 TSUYOSHIKAWAZOEANDAKIRAURA, MASAHIROSAITO,SHINGONISHIKIDO Laser Surface Modification for Improving Localized Corrosion Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steels ", 667 R. K. DAYAL An Integrated Infrared Sensor System for On-Line Monitoring of Thermally Sprayed Particles 677 J. BLAIN,F. NADEAUANDL. POULIOT,C. MOREAU,P.GOUGEONand L. LEBLANC Computer Simulation of the Interface Influence on the Measured Hardness of Coated Systems 687 X. CAland H. BANGERT x Surface Modification Technologies X A Methodology for Measuring the Contact Pressure to Cause Failure of Ceramics and Coatings using Softer Blunt Cones 707 C. P. WADDINGTON,L. Y. ZHANG,E. J. BROOKESand C. A. BROOKES Biomedical Coatings (Session 1) High Velocity Oxy Fuel Spraying: An Alternative to the Established APS- Process for Production of Bioactive Coatings 717 E. LUGSCHEIDER,P. REMER,and A. NYLAND,G. BERGER Formation of Til at the HydroxyapatitelTitanium Interface Heated by a Radio-Frequency Thermal Plasma of Argon 728 MINORUUEDA,HIROSHIHAYAKAWAA,KIHIROMOTOE,TOSHIYUKIFUJIOTOand MASAKAZUMUKAIDA Bone Ingrowth into Micropores of Hydroxyapatite Coated Titanium Plates ..737 PINGZHOU,MASASHIHOSONUMA,TAKAYUKIKOBAYASHI,HIROSHIMITSUI, MASARUAKAOand HIDEKIAOKI Properties and Microstructure of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced with Different Powder Feedstocks 747 P. CHEANGand K. A. KHOR Ion Implantation (Sessions 1-2) The Use of Ion Implantation in High Temperature Corrosion Studies 759 M. F. STROOSNUDER Effect of Surface Treatment of Steel on Zinc Phosphate Coatings 773 FAIRDHANNA,MADIHASHOEIBand MAGDIFARouK Wear Behaviour of Carbon Implanted Hard Chromium Coatings 787 Z. RAOANDB. H. O'CONNOR, D. K. SOOD,J. S. WILLIAMS Ion Bombardment on Mechanical Properties of IBAD TiN Films Part 2 Effect of Ion Bombardment Procedures on the Bonding Strength 797 ZHUXIAODONG,Xu KEWEI,HE JIAWEN,Fu YONGQING,and ANDREWW. BATCHELOR Influence of Carbon Profile and Nickel Content on Microstructure and Properties of Carburised Steels 805 J. GROSCHand O. SCHWARZ