v ec ro sv As you read this book, let your imagination run wild. ioe nr s What will you create with Scratch? 2 c v o e v – from the foreword by professor mitchel resnick, creator of scratch SU s u p e r rsioenr s 2 H P C H T C AT e R A C R R SS C S ! CScraotchm is thiec wildsly !po pgulara edmucateionsal ! TPhisr fuoll-coglor cromaic bmookm makiens prgo- ! CRA PRogRAmming ADVenTURe programming language used by  millions gramming concepts like variables, flow T of first-time learners in classrooms and control, and subroutines effortless to C homes worldwide. By dragging t ogether absorb. Packed with ideas for games H colorful blocks of code, kids can learn that kids will be proud to show off, computer programming concepts and Super Scratch Programming Adventure! P make cool games and animations. The is the perfect first step for the budding R latest version, Scratch 2, brings the lan- programmer. o guage right into your web browser, with g no need to download software. About the Author R The Learning through Engineering, A In Super Scratch Programming Adventure!, Art, and Design (LEAD) Project is an m kids learn programming fundamentals educational initiative established to as they make their very own playable encourage the development of creative m LeARn To video games. They’ll create projects thinking through the use of technology. PRogRAm i inspired by classic arcade games that Created by the Hong Kong Federation of n by mAking can be programmed (and played!) in an Youth Groups in collaboration with the g CooL anfatteiornnoso onf .t Phaet cieondte, satnedp -fbuyn- sptreopg eraxmpl-a- MmIoTt eMse hdaina dLsa-bo,n t,h dee LsEigAnD-b Parsoejedc at cptrivoi-ties A gAmeS ! ming challenges will have kids creating to foster innovation, problem-solving D their own games in no time. skills, and technical literacy. V e n T U R e ! For ages 8 and up PRICE: $24.95 Shelve In: Computers/Programming Languages THE FINEST IN GEEK ENTERTAINMENT™ www.nostarch.com The Project Praise for Super Scratch Programming Adventure! “Reveals the power of this deceptively simple programming language . . . A fun way to learn how to program Scratch, even for adults.” —Mark Frauenfelder, Boing Boing “A great introduction to game design. Kids will start building games from the first page.” —Liz Upton, The Raspberry Pi Project “If you think you might have a future programmer on your hands, it’s time to introduce your kid to Scratch. . . . Super Scratch Pro­ gramming Adventure! makes it even easier to get started.” —Ruth Suehle, GeekMom “If you have a kid who plays around with a computer and can read even a little, get this.” —Greg Laden, National Geographic’s ScienceBlogs “An enjoyable and highly accessible introduction to this technology and the power of computing.” —Patrice Gans, Education Week’s BookMarks “If you’ve got a child or maybe even a classroom of students who are wanting to make their own games, Scratch is a great option. . . . For structured training that is also entertaining, Super Scratch Prog ram­ ming Adventure! will make a great textbook.” —James Floyd Kelly, GeekDad “Walks readers through a series of extremely well-designed game-design projects, each of which introduces a new concept or two to young pro- grammers, providing a gentle learning curve for mastering Scratch’s many powerful features.” —Cory Doctorow, Boing Boing “If you’re looking for a way to get your kid interested in programming, and Scratch in particular, I can’t recommend this Scratch book enough.” —Chris O’Brien, San Jose Mercury News’ SiliconBeat Super SScc rr aAtTcc hh Programming Adventure! Learn to Program by Making cool Games! The Project Super Scratch Programming Adventure! Copyright © 2014 by the LEAD Project. This edition has been updated to cover Scratch 2. Super Scratch Programming Adventure! is a translation of the original Traditional Chinese– language edition, Easy LEAD 創意程式設計 Scratch 遊俠傳 (Easy LEAD: The Scratch Musketeers), ISBN 978-988-18408-2-0, published by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups, © 2010 by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. Printed in USA First printing 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ISBN-10: 1-59327-531-5 ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-531-0 Publisher: William Pollock Adviser: Dr. Rosanna Wong Yick-ming, DBE, JP Editorial Team: Yolanda Chiu, Alice Lui, Edmond Kim Ping Hui Contributors: Edmond Kim Ping Hui (Book Contents); Man Chun Chow, Chun Hei Tse, Vincent Wong (Assistance & Photography) Interior Design: LOL Design Ltd. Production Editor: Serena Yang Cover Design: Tina Salameh Developmental Editor: Tyler Ortman Technical Reviewer: Michael Smith-Welch Compositors: Laurel Chun and Riley Hoffman Proofreader: Alison Law For information on distribution, translations, or bulk sales, please contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly: No Starch Press, Inc. 245 8th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103 phone: 415.863.9900; fax: 415.863.9950; [email protected]; http://www.nostarch.com/ Library of Congress Cataloging­in­Publication Data A catalog record of the first edition of this book is available from the Library of Congress. No Starch Press and the No Starch Press logo are registered trademarks of No Starch Press, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. All characters in this publication are fictitious, and any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental. contents Foreword by Professor Mitchel resnick 8 A Note of Thanks from Dr. rosanna Wong Yick-ming 9 A Note for Parents and Educators 10 Meet the cast 18 Stage 1: riding a Flare from the Sun 19 Let’s get to know Scratch! We’ll also learn about sprites and coordinates. Stage 2: Entering Space 31 This is where you’ll make your the first game. You’ll also learn how to create new costumes and program a sprite’s movements, reactions, and sound effects. Stage 3: Trapped by Mona Lisa’s Smile 51 While writing this two-part game, you’ll learn how to control the flow of a Scratch project. You’ll see how to keep score using variables and control the order of the game using broadcasts. Stage 4: Defend hong Kong’s Technocore 61 You’ll learn to control sprites with the mouse, program objects to bounce back, and more. Stage 5: Penalty Kick in Ipanema 71 You’ll program a soccer game with a targeting system, several related rules, interactive sound effects, and a vivid, animated background! Stage 6: Scratchy’s Wild ride 85 You’ll learn how to create a side-scrolling racing game, program complex movements for sprites, and make the game’s background change over time. Stage 7: The Lost Treasures of Giza 105 In this Egyptian adventure, you’ll create an interactive maze with a guard, booby traps, and treasure! Stage 8: Wizard’s race! 119 When you make this simple button-mashing game, you’ll also learn how to play music with Scratch and create an animated background. Stage 9: The Final Fight...in Dark space 131 You’ll need to use all the knowledge you’ve gained while making this exciting fighting game. You’ll create two characters with unique fight moves, custom health counters, and more. Stage 10: Epilogue 151 closing Thoughts from Edmond Kim Ping hui 155 Online resources 156 Foreword Scratch is more than a piece of software. It is part of a broader educational mission. We designed Scratch to help young people prepare for life in today’s fast-changing society. As young people create Scratch projects, they are not just learning how to write computer programs. They are learning to think creatively, reason system- atically, and work collaboratively—essential skills for success and happiness in today’s world. It has been exciting to see all of the creative ways that young people are using Scratch. On the Scratch website (http://scratch .mit.edu/), young people from around the world are sharing a wide variety of creative projects: animated stories, adventure games, interactive tutorials, guided tours, science experiments, online newsletters, and much more. Scratch is a digital sandbox where young people can express themselves creatively—and, in the process, develop as creative thinkers. Super Scratch Programming Adventure! will help introduce more young people to the creative possibilities of Scratch. The book grows out of one of the world’s most innovative and productive Scratch initiatives, organized by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups. I’m delighted that their ideas and activities are now available to teachers, parents, and children around the world. As you read this book, let your imagination run wild. What will you create with Scratch? Enjoy the adventure! Professor Mitchel Resnick Director, MIT Scratch Team MIT Media Lab