E x SUCCESS ONE HSC c e ® * Get the Results You Want! PHYSICS l SUCCESS ONE HSC S U ® * C C E Get the Results You Want! S S l To maximize your marks, you need to practise as many actual past HSC papers as O N you can. This way you gain valuable experience in answering HSC-level questions. E ® l This book features 2001–2003 and 2008–2016 past HSC questions. H PHYSICS S C * This book includes: P l 2001–2003 Past HSC Questions arranged by topic for the core section and most popular options* H l 2008–2016 Past HSC Papers l Detailed Answers to the core section and most popular options*. All answers Y are written by experienced HSC markers. This ensures that all short-answer and longer-answer questions have the high-quality answers you need in order to maximize your marks. S Past HSC Questions & Answers Plus: 2001–2003 by Topic I l A Topic Index (see inside front cover) for 2008–2016 past HSC papers 2008–2016 by Paper C l A Mark Maximizer Guide l A Glossary of Key Verbs S * Medical Physics; Astrophysics; From Quanta to Quarks ALSO AVAILABLE IN THE Excel SUCCESS ONE HSC SERIES: N &P E W Biology • Chemistry • Mathematics General 2 • Mathematics A A S Mathematics Extension 1 • Business Studies 22 NT 0011 S 77 H W S E EC di ti o R n Q S U E AncientHistory Biology Business Studies Chemistry Economics Legal Studies S T I O N Mathematics Mathematics ModernHistory PDHPE Physics S General 2 iPhone and iPod touch are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc. S ! U ISBN 978-1-74125-645-1 N B O K Pascal Press M A R E R Z M I PO Box 250 Glebe NSW 2037 PASCAL PRESS • SCIENCE TEACHERS’ ASSOCIATION OF NSW X I M A D E SCIENCE TEACHERS’ (02) 8585 4044 G U I ASSOCIATION OF NSW www.pascalpress.com.au 9 781741 256451 9781741256451 HSC Physics CVR-2017.indd All Pages 15/12/2016 4:15 PM TOPIC INDEX OF PAST HSC CORE QUESTIONS 2008–2016 PHYSICS SKILLS (9.1) HSC Questions 2008 16*, 17(a)*, 27(a)*(b)* 2009 17*, 24 2011 21 2012 21*, 28* 2013 4*, 14*, 21(b), 22, 23(a)*, 27(a)*, 28*, 31* 2014 3*, 27(c), 30(b) 2015 1*, 3*, 4*, 6*, 14*, 21*, 23*, 28* 2016 3*, 4*, 7*, 8*, 12*, 16*, 20*, 22*, 23*, 25*, 27* SPACE (9.2) HSC Questions 2008 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16*, 17(a)*, 17(b)(c), 18, 19 2009 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16, 17*, 18 2010 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12*, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32 2011 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 23, 24 2012 2, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 18, 21*, 23, 27, 28*, 30* 2013 2, 4*, 6, 8, 9, 18, 19, 21(a), 23(a)*, 23(b), 25(b), 29(a), 30(a), 30(b) 2014 1, 3*, 6, 15, 19, 20, 22, 27(a), 27(b), 28*, 30(a) 2015 4*, 6*, 11, 14*, 16, 19, 20, 21*, 24*, 26, 29*, 30 2016 6, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25, 28, 29*, 30* MOTORS AND GENERATORS (9.3) HSC Questions 2008 6, 7, 8, 9, 21*, 22, 25, 26, 27(c)(d) 2009 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 20, 21, 23, 26 2010 8, 9, 10, 11, 15*, 20, 26, 28 2011 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 27 2012 1, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19, 22, 26, 29 2013 1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 25(a), 27(a)*, 27(b), 29(b) 2014 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 31 2015 1*, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, 25, 28* 2016 1, 2, 7*, 8*, 9, 16*, 20*, 22*, 26, 29*, 30* FROM IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION (9.4) HSC Questions 2008 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21*, 23, 24 2009 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 22, 25, 27 2010 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 29, 30, 31 2011 3, 7, 13, 17, 19, 22, 28, 29, 30 2012 3, 5, 6, 15, 20, 24, 25, 30* 2013 5, 11, 12, 14*, 16, 20, 24, 26(a), 26(b), 28*, 31* 2014 4, 9, 11, 16, 17, 18, 21, 26, 28*, 29 2015 2, 3*, 5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 23*, 24*, 27, 29* 2016 3*, 4*, 5, 11, 12*, 13, 15, 23*, 24, 27*, 29* *These questions cover material from more than one topic. © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017_IC.indd 2 22/12/2016 2:17 PM SUCCESS ONE HSC ® PHYSICS Past HSC Questions & Answers 2001–2003 by Topic 2008–2016 by Paper © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 1 22/12/2016 2:09 PM © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 2 22/12/2016 2:09 PM MARK MAXIMIZER GUIDE Foreword Congratulations on choosing the Physics course for your HSC. In undertaking this course you have the opportunity to gain valuable knowledge, understanding and skills, and to extend yourself to meet new challenges. Excel Success One HSC Physics is a valuable learning tool that has been developed to assist students with their HSC preparation, and this edition has been kept up to date with the inclusion of the 2016 HSC Examination paper with sample answers. On behalf of the Science Teachers’ Association of NSW, we hope that your year will be enjoyable and productive, and the results a just reward for your efforts. STANSW thanks those members who continue to be involved in the production of this book. Maree Woods STANSW President December 2016 SUCCESS ONE HSC • PHYSICS iii © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 3 22/12/2016 2:09 PM HSC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The Mark Maximizer Guide was prepared by Diane Alford. HSC EXAMINATION PAPERS The HSC Examination papers contained in this publication have been reproduced under licence from the Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW (BOSTES NSW) in whom copyright is vested. BOSTES NSW takes no responsibility for errors in the reproduction of the HSC Examination papers contained in this publication. BOSTES NSW was the first publisher of the questions from the 2001–2003 HSC Examination papers and the 2008–2016 HSC Examination papers in the years 2001–2003 and 2008–2016. HSC Examination papers in Physics 2001–2003 and 2008–2016 © Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW for and on behalf of the Crown in right of the state of New South Wales 2001–2003 and 2008–2016. SAMPLE ANSWERS The sample answers to HSC questions contained in this publication are examples of answers which the authors believe would score full marks. However, they are not endorsed by BOSTES NSW. The sample answers in the 2001–2012 HSC Examination papers were written by Peter Roberson, George Pinniger and Stephen Fogwill. The sample answers in the 2013–2016 HSC Examination papers were written by George Pinniger and Stephen Fogwill. SUBJECT CONSULTANT Peter Roberson was subject consultant from 2001–2012. George Pinniger was subject consultant from 2013–2016. COMMENTS The Science Teachers’ Association of NSW and Pascal Press welcome constructive comments on the questions and answers for future editions of this book. iv SUCCESS ONE HSC • PHYSICS © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 4 22/12/2016 2:09 PM Contents Foreword .........................................................iii HSC Examination Papers (2008–2016) Mark Maximizer Guide ................................vi Chapter 7 2008 HSC Examination Past HSC Questions (2001–2003) Paper Questions ........................................108 by Topic Sample Answers .......................................134 Core Topics Chapter 8 2009 HSC Examination Chapter 1 Space ...............................................1 Paper Questions ........................................151 Multiple-choice Questions .........................1 Sample Answers .......................................179 Free-response Questions .............................7 Chapter 9 2010 HSC Examination Worked Answers Paper Questions ........................................195 Multiple-choice Questions .................14 Sample Answers .......................................224 Free-response Questions .....................16 Chapter 10 2011 HSC Examination Chapter 2 Motors and Generators .....21 Paper Questions ........................................242 Multiple-choice Questions .......................21 Sample Answers .......................................267 Free-response Questions ...........................32 Chapter 11 2012 HSC Examination Worked Answers Paper Questions ........................................284 Multiple-choice Questions .................37 Sample Answers ........................................311 Free-response Questions .....................39 Chapter 12 2013 HSC Examination Chapter 3 From Ideas to Paper Questions ........................................328 Implementation ................................44 Sample Answers .......................................358 Multiple-choice Questions .......................44 Chapter 13 2014 HSC Examination Free-response Questions ...........................53 Paper Questions ........................................381 Worked Answers Sample Answers ........................................411 Multiple-choice Questions .................58 Free-response Questions .....................60 Chapter 14 2015 HSC Examination Paper Questions ........................................433 Option Topics Sample Answers .......................................464 Chapter 4 Medical Physics ................67 Chapter 15 2016 HSC Examination Paper Questions ........................................481 Past HSC Questions ...................................67 Sample Answers .......................................507 Worked Answers .........................................72 Acknowledgements ................................526 Chapter 5 Astrophysics .....................77 Past HSC Questions ............................77 Appendix Data Sheet ...........................527 Worked Answers .................................84 Formulae Sheet ..................528 Chapter 6 From Quanta to Quarks .....92 Periodic Table .....................530 Past HSC Questions ...................................92 Worked Answers .........................................97 SUCCESS ONE HSC • PHYSICS v © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 5 22/12/2016 2:09 PM MARK MAXIMIZER GUIDE Mark Maximizer Guide This Mark Maximizer Guide will arm you with strategies and tips so that you can maximize your marks by making every minute of your HSC Examination count, and it has some great tips for your exam preparation too. Read it. Use it. The structure of the HSC Examination paper All Science exams consist of two sections. The following table summarises the structure, which changed in 2010. Section Part Compulsory/ Marks Question type Answers Recommended Optional time I A All questions Each question Objective-response Fill in the response About 35 min are is worth one – select one oval completely on compulsory. mark – a total alternative from A, the answer sheet. of 20. B, C or D. I B All questions 55 Short-answer questions Answer the About 1 hour are with different mark questions in the 40 min compulsory. values, each indicated spaces provided in on the question: some the exam paper. questions may be in parts; some may require a more integrated approach. II Attempt only 25 The question is divided Answer the About one question. into parts, with each part questions 45 min having the mark clearly in a writing booklet. indicated. Inform- The paper contains general instructions on the front cover but in addition, Physics provides a Data Sheet, ation Periodic Table and Formulae Sheets. Time allocation The examination begins with five minutes reading time. You will not be able to write in this time. Rather than starting to read the objective-response questions at the beginning, you could: • spend this time reading some of the short-answer questions in Part B and Section II, or • select some of the easy questions to attempt earlier in the exam after completing the objective-response questions, to build your confidence for the more difficult questions later. Time management A planned approach to time management in the exam is important. There are several strategies you could use: • Prepare an exam timetable. The table above shows the suggested times for each section as recommended by BOSTES NSW. If you choose to proceed through the exam in an orderly sequence of sections or vi SUCCESS ONE HSC • PHYSICS © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 6 22/12/2016 2:09 PM MARK MAXIMIZER GUIDE parts, you can work out an exam timetable before the exam. You will then know when you should be changing sections and check that you are on schedule. Try to be a bit ahead of schedule so that you have time to check answers, make corrections, or return to more difficult questions. • Calculate time allocated per mark. If you do not choose to work through the exam in a fixed sequence, you may wish to calculate time allocations for questions based on the 100 marks and 180 minutes in which to record answers. Each mark should take 1 minute 48 seconds to earn. The following table gives calculations of approximately how long you should spend on questions of a particular mark value. Question value Suggested time (marks) 1 1 min 45 s 2 3 min 30 s 3 5 min 20 s 4 7 min 00 s 5 9 min 00 s 6 10 min 45 s 7 12 min 45 s 8 14 min 30 s 9 16 min 00 s 10 18 min 00 s • Don’t panic! Worrying about time too much will only add to your stress and waste time. There is no need to time yourself for each question, and particularly not for the low-value questions. However, if you panic or lose track of time, or waste too much time on a question of relatively small mark value, you may be severely disadvantaged. Analysing the questions Questions in the HSC are designed to enable students to show their achievement of a range of outcomes over a range of levels. They are not trying to trick you, and the question will state clearly all that is required of you. If marks are to be awarded for giving an answer in the correct units, then the question will clearly state that you need to give the answer in the correct units. • Highlight key terms. Highlight or underline the key terms or things you have to do (the verbs) and the key ideas or concepts that make up the question — a useful strategy. SUCCESS ONE HSC • PHYSICS vii © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 7 22/12/2016 2:09 PM MARK MAXIMIZER GUIDE • Learn the lingo. The glossary of terms that are often used in questions will help you analyse what is required of the question (see the Glossary of key words on page ix). • Remember that questions are planned to vary in their level of difficulty. Don’t panic or waste excessive time on a question that you find particularly difficult. The following table may give you some ideas on how to find the easier questions that you can attempt first. Then, when you have finished everything that you can do, you can move on to spend time with the very difficult questions. Question type Key words that indicate level of difficulty Difficult or complex questions often assess, construct, critically analyse, critically demanding high levels of skills to evaluate, evaluate, justify, propose, recommend use the facts Questions of medium level of account for, analyse, apply, assess, calculate, difficulty requiring some thinking classify, compare, contrast, deduce, demonstrate, and using the facts discuss, examine, explain, estimate, extract, extrapolate, how …, interpret, investigate, predict or recommend, sketch, why … Simple or direct questions of low account, clarify, define, describe, identify, outline, level of difficulty based on recall, recount or summarise, state, what …, remembering and communicating which … the facts Also, there may be variation in difficulty within the topics you have studied. A relatively easy remembering-type question may become a little more difficult if it is about a particularly difficult idea. • Look at question structure and mark value. The structure of the question may also contribute to differences in levels of difficulty. The mark value for the question may give you some clues. For example, if the question is only two lines long but is worth six marks, that is a clue that it may require extra care to ensure all aspects of the question have been covered. Many students find the questions that are divided into subsections easier to attempt. They feel that each small portion of the question can be ‘bitten off’ one at a time. Often the an swer to one subsection helps to provide some ideas to help with the other subsections. The more difficult integrated questions may seem a bit more difficult to swallow, and when you do, they may give you indigestion. Practising these questions using examples from this book will really help you develop your skills and help avoid the need for antacid tablets! viii SUCCESS ONE HSC • PHYSICS © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 645 1 Excel Success One HSC Physics 9781741256451 Success One_Physics_2017.indd 8 22/12/2016 2:09 PM