Advances in Underwater Technology, Ocean Science and Offshore Engineering Volume 27 SUBTECH '91 Back to the Future ADVANCES IN UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY OCEAN SCIENCE AND OFFSHORE ENGINEERING Vol. 1. Developments in Diving Technology Vol. 2. Design and Installation of Subsea Systems Vol. 3. Offshore Site Investigation Vol.4. Evaluation, Comparison and Calibration of Oceanographic Instruments Vol. 5. Submersible Technology Vol. 6. Oceanology Vol. 7. Subsea Control and Data Acquisition Vol. 8. Exclusive Economic Zones Vol. 9. Stationing and Stability of Semi-submersibles Vol. 10. Modular Subsea Production Systems Vol. 11. Underwater Construction: Development and Potential Vol. 12. Modelling the Offshore Environment Vol. 13. Economics of Aoating Production Systems Vol. 14. Submersible Technology: Adapting to Change Vol. 15. Technology Common to Aero and Marine Engineering Vol. 16. Oceanology '88 Vol. 17. Energy for Islands Vol. 18. Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Subsea Sediments Vol. 19. Diverless and Deepwater Technology Vol. 20. Subsea International '89: Second Generation Subsea Production Systems Vol. 21. NDT: Advances in Underwater Inspection Methods Vol. 22. Subsea Control and Data Acquisition: Technology and Experience Vol. 23. Subtech '89. Fitness for Purpose Vol. 24. Advances in Subsea Pipeline Engineering and Technology Vol. 25. Safety in Offshore Drilling. The Role of Shallow Gas Surveys Vol. 26. Environmental Forces on Offshore Structures and their Prediction Vol. 27. Subtech '91. Back to the Future CONFERENCE PLANNING COMMmEE Cyril Lafferty, British Gas pic (Co-Chairman); Tom Hollobone, AODC (Co-Chairman); O. C. Andersen, Stolt Nielsen Seaway (UK) Ltd; Steve Bibby, Texaco North Sea UK Ltd; Ian Brown, The Marine Technology Directorate Ltd; Paul Henderson, Total Oil Marine pic; Ken Hulls, Comex UK Ltd; Bil Loth, W. D. Loth & Co Ltd; Barry Moore, Stena Offshore Ltd; Jean Pritchard, SUT; Duncan Sharp, Shell UK Exploration and Production; John Smith, Chevron UK Ltd; Stuart Smith, Amerada Hess Ltd; Trevor Smith, BP Exploration Advances in Underwater Technology, Ocean Science and Offshore Engineering Volume 27 SUBTECH '91 Back to the Future Papers presented at a conference organized by the Society for Underwater Technology and held in Aberdeen, UK, November 12-14, 1991. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON ISBN-\3: 978-94-010-5569-7 e-ISBN-\3: 978-94-011-3544-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-01 1-3544-3 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1991 Society for Underwater Technology Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t Edition 1991 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents PART 1. BACK TO THE FUTURE Production Technology for Subsea Development wells S. D. GomersaIl 3 Flexible Pipe Technology - A Decade of Change 1. M. Neffgen 29 A Review of Past and Future Developments in Bundled Pipeline Installation by the Mid Depth Tow Method (Abstract) Colin McKinnon 63 Subsea Repair of Concrete Weight Coating on 30" North Sea Pipeline (Abstract) Erik Reker 65 Developing the Troll Project O. R. Martinsen 67 Wellhead Protection at Gannet B (Abstract) D. Heal and L. Naughton 83 Installation and Maintenance of Subsea Isolation Valves R. K. Jain 85 Review of Subsea Isolation Valves Installations in the UK North Sea Hugh McIntyre 97 Recent Developments in the Design of Subsea Isolation Valve Installations 1. Ritchie, P. G. Brown, 1. H. A. Baker and S. A. Ward 105 PART 2. SUBSEA FIELD DEVELOPMENTS Dynamically Positioned Vessels - Their Suitability and Safe Operations Peter A. Cook 123 Getting the DP Act Together C. A. Jenman and P. J. Napier 133 Subsea Support Vessel for the Nineties Jens Chr. Lindaas, Kjartan Vartdal and Arnfmn Vika 153 Diving and Underwater Services - An Overview John Westwood 169 VI Advances in ROV Tooling for Subsea Cable Repair and Maintenance I. D. Bonnon 181 The Application of Work Class ROV's - An overview George S. Robertson 197 R.O.V. Personnel Training Past, Present and Future C. W. Bell 205 PART 3. EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT The FUDT-Project (Research and Development Project in Diving Technology) Rune Brathen and Cato Hordnes 219 Hyperbaric Pipeline Welding Beyond 600msw: A Conceptual Proposal 1. F. Dos Santos, P. Szelagowski, H. Manzenrieder and H.-G. Schafstall 223 ROV Operated Electrical Connector D. B.Pye 241 PART 4. SAFETY Hyperbaric Evacuation V. 1. Humphrey 251 Risk Assessment of a Hyperbaric Evacuation System D. 1. Bums and D. M. Deaves 255 Diving Incident Data - The Way Ahead R. Giles 269 An End to Decompression Sickness? A New Approach to the Decompression Disorders T. J. R. Francis, D. 1. Smith and J. 1. W. Sykes 275 A New Approach to Air Diving P. B. James, C. F. Lafferty and A. O. Brubakk 283 HADES, Highest Accumulated Decompression Score A. O. Brubakk and J. E. Jacobsen 289 Inshore Diver Safety - A Review of Recent Developments D. R. Lamont 303 PART 5. TOMORROW'S WORLD Optimisation of Underwater Inspection Programmes Ken Woolley 313 vii Real Time Photogrammetry - A Technique for Today or Tomorrow? John Turner, David 1. Yule and Joe Zanre 319 Alternative Approaches to Pipeline Survey: The Pipeline Engineer's View 1. H. A. Baker 333 Pipeline Freespan Monitoring B. G. Murray 347 Society for Underwater Technology The Society was founded in 1966 to promote the further understanding of the under water environment. It is a multi-disciplinary body with a worldwide membership of scientists and engineers who are active or have a common interest in underwater technology, ocean science and offshore engineering. Committees The Society has a number of Committees to study such topics as: Diving and Submersibles Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics Environmental Forces and Physical Oceanography Ocean Resources Subsea Engineering and Operations Education and Training Conference and Seminars An extensive programme is organized to cater for the diverse interests and needs of the membership. An annual programme usually comprises four conferences and a much greater number of one-day seminars plus evening meetings and an occasional visit to a place of technical interest. The Society has organized over 100 seminars in London, Aberdeen and other appropriate centres during the past decade. Attendance at these events is available at significantly reduced levels of registration fees for Members or staff of Corporate Members. Publications Proceedings of the more recent conferences have been published in this series of Advances in Underwater Technology, Ocean Science and Offshore Engineering. These and other publications produced separately by the Society are available through the Society to members at a reduced cost. A careers pack 'Oceans of Opportunity' has been produced by the Society in response to the growing demand by students schools and colleges for up-to-date information. Journal The Society's quarterly journal Underwater Technology caters for the whole spectrum of the inter-disciplinary interests and professional involvement of its readership. It includes papers from authoritative international sources on such subjects as: Diving Technology and Physiology Civil Engineering Submersible Design and Operation Geology and Geophysics x Subsea Systems Naval Architecture Marine Biology and Pollution Oceanography Petroleum Exploration and Production Environmental Data An Editorial Board has responsibility for ensuring that a high standard of quality and presentation of papers reflects a coherent and balanced coverage of the Society's diverse subject interests; through the Editorial Board, a procedure for assessment of papers is conducted. Endowment fund A separate fund has been established to provide tangible incentives to students to acquire knowledge and skills in underwater technology or related aspects of ocean science and offshore engineering. Postgraduate students have been sponsored to study to MSc level and subject to the growth of the fund it is hoped to extend this activity. Awards An annual President's Award is presented for a major achievement in underwater technology. In addition there is a series of sponsored annual awards by some Corporate Members for the best contribution to diving operations and oceanography, and for the best technical paper in the Journal FURTHER INFORMATION If you would like to receive further details, please contact Society for Underwater Technology, The Memorial Building, 76 Mark Lane, London EC3R 7JN. Telephone: 071-4810750; Telex: 886481 I Mar E G; Fax: 071-4814001. Part 1 Back to the Future