more information - www.cambridge.org/9780521553186 Spec SD1 Date 26-july StUDyInG GEnDER In CLASSICAL AntIQUIty This book investigates how varying practices of gender shaped people’s lives and experiences across the societies of ancient Greece and Rome. Exploring how gender was linked with other socio-political char- acteristics such as wealth, status, age and life stage, as well as with individual choices, in the very different world of classical antiquity is fascinating in its own right. But later perceptions of ancient literature and art have profoundly influenced the development of gendered ideologies and hierarchies in the West, and influenced the study of gender itself. Questioning how best to untangle and interpret diffi- cult sources is a key aim. This book exploits a wide range of archaeo- logical, material cultural, visual, spatial, demographic, epigraphical and literary evidence to consider households, families, life cycles and the engendering of time, legal and political institutions, beliefs about bodies, sex and sexuality, gender and space, the economic implica- tions of engendered practices, and gender in religion and magic. lin foxhall is Professor of Greek Archaeology and History at the University of Leicester. She has worked in Greece and Southern Italy and currently co-directs a field project in Calabria. She has written extensively on agriculture, land use and gender in classical antiquity. Her publications include Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece: Seeking the Ancient Economy (2007), two books on masculinity edited with John Salmon, Thinking Men: Masculinity and its Self-Representation in the Classical Tradition and When Men were Men: Masculinity, Power and Identity in Classical Antiquity (1998), as well as Money, Labour and Land: Approaches to the Economics of Ancient Greece (2002), edited with Paul Cartledge and Edward Cohen. KEY ThEMES in anCiEnT hiST oRY EdiToRS P. A. Cartledge Clare College, Cambridge P. D. A. Garnsey Jesus College, Cambridge Key Themes in Ancient History aims to provide readable, informed and original studies of various basic topics, designed in the first instance for students and teachers of Classics and Ancient History, but also for those engaged in related disciplines. Each volume is devoted to a general theme in Greek, Roman or, where appropriate, Graeco-Roman history, or to some salient aspect or aspects of it. Besides indicating the state of current research in the relevant area, authors seek to show how the theme is significant for our own as well as ancient culture and society. By providing books for courses that are oriented around themes it is hoped to encourage and stimulate promising new developments in teaching and research in ancient history. Other books in the series Death-ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity, by Ian Morris 978 0 521 37465 1 (hardback) 978 0 521 37611 2 (paperback) Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece, by Rosalind Thomas 978 0 521 37346 3 (hardback) 978 0 521 37742 3 (paperback) Slavery and Society at Rome, by Keith Bradley 978 0 521 37287 9 (hardback) 978 0 521 37887 1 (paperback) Law, Violence, and Community in Classical Athens, by David Cohen 978 0 521 38167 3 (hardback) 978 0 521 38837 5 (paperback) Public Order in Ancient Rome, by Wilfried nippel 978 0 521 38327 1 (hardback) 978 0 521 38749 1 (paperback) Friendship in the Classical World, by David Konstan 978 0 521 45402 5 (hardback) 978 0 521 45998 3 (paperback) Sport and Society in Ancient Greece, by Mark Golden 978 0 521 49698 8 (hardback) 978 0 521 49790 9 (paperback) Food and Society in Classical Antiquity, by Peter Garnsey 978 0 521 64182 1 (hardback) 978 0 521 64588 1 (paperback) Banking and Business in the Roman World, by Jean Andreau 978 0 521 38031 7 (hardback) 978 0 521 38932 7 (paperback) Roman Law in Context, by David Johnston 978 0 521 63046 7 (hardback) 978 0 521 63961 3 (paperback) Religions of the Ancient Greeks, by Simon Price 978 0 521 38201 4 (hardback) 978 0 521 38867 2 (paperback) Christianity and Roman Society, by Gillian Clark 978 0 521 63310 9 (hardback) 978 0 521 63386 4 (paperback) Trade in Classical Antiquity, by neville Morley 978 0 521 63279 9 (hardback) 978 0 521 63416 8 (paperback) Technology and Culture in Greek and Roman Antiquity, by Serafina Cuomo 978 0 521 81073 9 (hardback) 978 0 521 00903 4 (paperback) Law and Crime in the Roman World, by Jill Harries 978 0 521 82820 8 (hardback) 978 0 521 53532 8 (paperback) The Social History of Roman Art, by Peter Stewart 978 0 521 81632 8 (hardback) 978 0 52101659 9 (paperback) Ancient Greek Political Thought in Practice, by Paul Cartledge 978 0 521 45455 1 (hardback) 978 0 521 45595 4 (paperback) Asceticism in the Graeco-Roman World, by Richard Finn OP 978 0 521 86281 3 (hardback) 978 0 521 68154 4 (paperback) Domestic Space and Social Organisation in Classical Antiquity, by Lisa C. nevett 978 0 521 78336 1 (hardback) 978 0 521 78945 5 (paperback) Money in Classical Antiquity, by Sitta von Reden 978 0 521 45337 0 (hardback) 978 0 521 45952 5 (paperback) Geography in Classical Antiquity, by Daniela Dueck and Kai Brodersen 978 0 521 19788 5 (hardback) 978 0 521 12025 8 (paperback) Space and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds, by Michael Scott 978 1 107 00915 8 (hardback) 978 1 107 40150 1 (paperback) Spec SD1 Date 26-july Spec SD1 Date 26-july StUD yInG GEnDER In CLASSICAL AntIQUIty LIn FO xHALL Spec SD1 Date 26-july CaMbRidgE univ ERSiTY pRESS Cambridge, new york, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge Cb2 8Ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, new york www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521557399 © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by the MPG Books Group A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Foxhall, Lin. Studying gender in classical antiquity / Lin Foxhall. pages cm. – (Key themes in ancient history) Includes bibliographical references and index. iSbn 978-0-521-55318-6 (hardback) – iSbn 978-0-521-55739-9 (pbk.) 1. Greece–Civilization. 2. Rome–Civilization. 3. Classical antiquities. 4. Gender identity–Greece. 5. Gender identity–Rome. 6. Sex role–Greece–History. 7. Sex role–Rome–History. I. title. dE71.f69 2013 305.30938–dc23 2012047925 iSbn 978-0-521-55318-6 Hardback iSbn 978-0-521-55739-9 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of uRls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents List of illustrations page viii List of tables x Acknowledgements xi 1 Gender and the study of classical antiquity 1 2 Households 24 3 Demography 45 4 Bodies 68 5 Wealth 90 6 Space 114 7 Religion 137 8 Conclusions 158 Bibliographic essay 160 Bibliography 165 Index 185 vii Illustrations 2.1 A bride being lifted onto a wedding chariot, Attic red-figured loutrophoros (Berlin, Staatliche Museen F2372; Oakley and Sinos 1993: 90, fig. 72) page 36 3.1 Woman playing the lyre (London, British Museum 1921.7–10.2); and woman reading (Paris, Louvre Ca 2220) 56 3.2 Attic terracotta doll (Boston Museum; Elderkin 1930: 464, fig. 12) 59 3.3 Attic funerary plaque (Louvre Mnb 905 (L4)) 63 4.1 Portrait statue of a Roman man with a nude athlete’s body, from Delos (national Archaeological Museum, Athens, 1828) 80 4.2 Portrait statue of a Roman woman with a Venus-type body, from Frattocchia, near Rome, later first century AD (Copenhagen, ny Carlsberg Glyptothek, 711) 81 5.1 Pompeii, one of the the so-called cellae meretriciae (Wallace-Hadrill 1995: 54, fig. 3.9) 105 5.2 Probable brothel, Pompeii, Lupanare, vii.12.18 (Wallace-Hadrill 1995: 53, fig. 3.8) 105 5.3 Building Z, a possible brothel in the Kerameikos, Athens. Small rooms are visible on the left (L. Foxhall) 107 5.4 Lavishly dressed women, Meidias Painter (London, British Museum E224) 109 5.5a & b ‘Heirloom’ loom weight (late sixth–early fifth century bC) from the Fattoria Fabrizio farmhouse (fourth–third century bC), Metaponto (courtesy of J. C. Carter) 111 6.1 Street plan of the north Hill of Olynthos showing densely packed urban housing and plan of House A viii