NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE Title Studies on the Chironomid Collected on Goto Islands, Western Japan Author(s) Sasa, Manabu; Suzuki, Hiroshi Citation 熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 42(3/4). p141-174, 2000 Issue Date 2000-03-19 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10069/4792 Right This document is downloaded at: 2012-10-12T15:15:22Z http://naosite.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp Trop. Med., 42 (3/4), 141-174, December, 2000 141 Studies on the Chironomid Collected on Goto Islands, Western Japan Manabu SASA1and Hiroshi SUZUKI2 1Kankyo Fukushi Kenkyushoflnstitute of Environmental and Welfare Studies), 135-3, Aramata, Kurobe-shi, 938-0001 Japan institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki Univaersity, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan Abstract: Collections of chironomid midges wereconducted by Suzuki at 3 localities on the Goto Islands situated west of Kyushu, at the side of Wani River on Nov.28, 1999, at the side of Ohgawara River on Nov.29, and in the town of Fukue on Nov.29. Samples of fallen leaves werecollected in vinyl bags from bottom of the streams, kept in the laboratory under roomtemperature, and adult midges emerged from them were individually mounted on slides in gum-chloral medium with our standard method. Atotal of 29 adult male specimens collected with this method were examined, and were classified into 9 chironomid species, amongwhich 3 are described as newspecies. Wild adult midges swarming in the air or resting in bushes were also collected during daytime with insect net at the same localities, screened under stereomicroscope for differentiating the species, and 95 adult males among them were mounted on slides. These were classified into 34 chironomid species, and 4 amongthem are described as newspecies. The number of species commonto these samples collected with the two different methods were only 4, and none of the newspecies were collected with the two methods, showing that the simultaneous use of these methods are both significant. Of the total of 40 species collected this time, only 11 are considered as in commonwith those recorded from Europe, Americas and the mainland of Japan, 22 are those already recorded in other areas of Japan but not outside of this country, and 7 are described as newspecies this time. Keywords: Chironomidae, Goto Islands, medical entomology, newspecies MATERIALSANDMETHODS The Goto Islands where the present specimens were collected are situated from about 20 kmto 80 kmwest of Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, and have a population of about 79,000, a total area of 634 square km, and the highest point is 461 meters from sea level. The col- lections of chironomids were conducted by Suzuki at three localities in the mountainous areas of Fukue Island along the two streams, Wani River and Ohgawara River, and in the town of Fukue. The methods of collections, preservation of specimens, preparing slide-mounted specimens, and methods of descriptions and standard measurements are the same as reported Received for publication, August 10, 2000 Contribution No. 4023 from the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University 142 in our previous papers, and also in "the Monograph of Chironomidae of Japan" compiled by Sasa and Kikuchi (1995, University of Tokyo Press). A. SPECIES COLLECT BY LABORATORY REARING OF FALLEN LEAVES COLLECTED FROM BOTTOM OF MOUNTAIN STREAMS Samples of fallen leaves collected from the bottom sediments of Wani River and Oh- gawara River on Nov. 29 were preserved in vinyl bags in wet conditions, and were kept in the laboraty under roomtemperature. The adult males emerged in these bagas were mounted individually in gum-chloral medium following our standard method, and were indentified as belonging to the following 8 species. 1. Stenochironomus gotoabeus sp. nov. (Figs. 1 a-j) A male, No.395:77, emerged in the laboratory from a sample of fallen leaves collected in the bottom of Wani River on Nov. 29. BL 4.70 mm,WL 2.22 mm,WW/WL0.30. Body largely pale yellow, only postnotum with a pair of brown spots in the middle portion, tips of femora, abdominal tergite and anal point brown. Head in Fig. 1 a. Eyes bare, ER 0.43. An- tenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 1.35, AHR 0.56. P/H 0.95. SO 19:18, CL 14. An- tepronotum (Fig. 1 b) narrowly united, without seta. Scutum and scutellum in Fig. 1 c; DM 28, DL 20:23, PA 6:6, SC 26. Wing bare, bluish but without dark marks, venation in Fig. 1 d. R2+3 largely sepa- rated but united to Rl at the tip. VR 1.04, R/Cu 1.20. Anal lobe obtuse. Tip of fore tibia (Fig. 1 e) with a broad and rounded scale bearing 3 long setae. Tips of mid and hind tibiae (Figs. 1 f,g) with two comb scales, both with a spur. Fore tarsi both lost, mLR 0.69, hLR 0.79, mBR 5.1, hBR 5.5. Pulvilli large and brush-like. Hypopygium in Fig. 1 h. Anal point (also in Fig. 1 i) long, narrow, constricted in the middle and apically rounded, with lateral ridges but without spine clusters. Ninth tergite with numerouslong setae arising in the middle portion extending beyond its posterior margin, and also manystrong setae on posterior margin flanking anal point. Dorsal and ventral append- ages in Fig. 1 j; the former small, rod-like and bearing 5 short setae; the later very long, strongly curved at about distal 1/3, bearing a large apical spur, and 4 subapical setae. Gonostylus long, narrow, nearly parallel-sided and slightly curved, with 6 long setae along inner margin. Remarks. This species belongs to genus Stenochironomus Kieffer of the tribe Chironomini in general structure, especially in that tips of mid and hind tibiae with two comb scales both with a spur, and in the peculiar structure of dorsal and ventral appendages of hypopygium, the former small and bearing 5 short setae, the latter very long and bearing apical spine and 4 preapical setae. It is somewhat related to S. hibernicus (Edwards) among the species of this genus in Europe, in that ventral appendage without lateral seta, and gonostylus is nearly parallel-sided and not tapering towards apex, but S. hibernicus differs from the present species in that anal point without lateral ridges and more strongly con- stricted at about middle, ninth tergite without nemerouslong setae but only small numbers of 143 short setae, and gonostylus is almost straight and apically rounded (see Finder, 1978, Fig. 171B). On the other hand, altogether 10 species were recorded from Japan as members of this genus (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.120), among which scutum is entirely pale in only 2 species, S. nubilipennis Yamamoto, 1981, and S. okialbus Sasa, 1990, but in both species wing with conspicuous dark areas and not entirely pale as in the present species. This new species is also characteristic in that postnotum has a pair of dark spots, antepronotum is united in the middle, and ventral appendage of gonocoxite is extremely long and conspicuously curved. 2. Polypedilum benokiense Sasa et Hasegawa, 1988 Six males, No.395:89-94. This species belongs to the nubeculosum group of subgenus Polypedilum, and was recorded first from Okinawa by Sasa &Hasegawa (1983), and later also from several localities in the mainland of Japan (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.37). 3. Polypedilum tamaharaki Sasa, 1983 (Figs. 5 a-k) A male, No.395:96, was reared in the laboratory from fallen leaves collected in the bottom of Wani River on Nov. 29. BL 4.62 mm,WL 2.41 mm,WW/WL0.30. Scutum, scutel- lum and postnotum almost uniformly dark brown, femora and tibiae of all legs brown, tarsi of all legs pale, abdomem also pale excepting hypopygium being brown. Head in Fig. 5 a. Eyes large, bare, each with a dorsomedial projection, ER 0.16, very small. Antenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 0.83, AHR 0.49. Palp long, P/H 1.25. SO 23:18, CL 45 (very many). Antepronotum (Fig. 5 b) slightly separated, without seta. DM 20, DL 26:26, PA 9:7, SC 29 (very many, Fig. 5 c). Wing (Fig. 5 d) bare, membrane smooth, R2+3 nearly in contact with Rl, RR 0.17. VR 1.18, R/Cu 1.18. Tip of fore tibia (Fig. 5 e) with a broad and apically pointed terminal process bearing 3 long setae. Terminal comb scales of tips of mid and hind tibiae (Figs. 5 f,g) fused and with one long spur. fLR 1.65, mBR 0.55, hBR 0.75, fTR 0.30, fBR 2.4, mBR3.8, hBR 6.8. All legs with a prominent, pad-like pulvilli. Abdominal tergites with relatively large numbers of setae. Hypopygium in Fig. 5 h. Anal point (also in Fig. 5 i) long, nearly parallel-sided and apically rounded. Ninth tergite with 14 long setae in the middle portion and 4 short setae on posterior margin flanking anal point. Dorsal appendage (Fig. 5 j) composed of a low and relatively narrow base bearing two long inner setae, distal horn slightly curved and apically hooked, with a long lateral seta arising at about distal 1/3. Ventral appendage (Fig. 5 k) long, narrow, and bearing 15 recurved setae and one long, caudally directed apical seta. Gonostylus widest at about middle with 5 long setae on inner margin and one short apical seta. Remarks. This specimen belongs to the nubeculosum-group of genus Polypedilum, and the above descrived structure and measurement data are almost coincident with those of P. tamaharaki Sasa, 1983, and is provisionally classified into this species. However, the type specimens differ from the present ones in that abdominal tergites Wand Ware dark brown and the number of clypeal setae are 27-36. 144 4. Polypedilum tamanigrum Sasa, 1983 Three males, No. 395:74,75,92, were reared from fallen leaves collected at Wani River onNov.29. This species belongs also to the nubeculosum group of subgenus Polypedilum, and is characterized by that dorsal appendage with a lateral seta arising at about basal 1/3. It has been recorded from morethan 10 localities in Hokkaido and Honshu (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.39). 5. Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tsukubaense Sasa, 1983 Three males, No. 394:95-97, were reared from fallen leaves collected in Wani River on Nov. 29. This species was recorded first from a stream on Mount Tsukuba, Ibaraki, and later from several localities in Honshu, Kokkaido and Kyushu (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.39). 6. Pseudobrillia gotobecea sp. nov. (Figs. 2 a-k) Four males, No.394:76, holotype, and No.394:98-100, paratypes, reared from fallen leaves collected in Wani River on Nov. 29. BL 4.04, 4.24, 4.28, 3.68 mm,WL 1.63, 1.94, 2.04, 1.86 mm,WW/WL0.28, 0.30, 0.29, 0.27. Body almost entirely pale, only hypopygium and legs yellowish. Head in Fig. 2 a. Eyes bare, each with a long, parallel-sided dorsomedial extension, ER 0.35, 32, 33, 30. Antenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 1.19, 1.22, 1.22, 1.25, AHR 0.62, 0.53, 0.54, 0.59. P/H 1.24, 1.23, 1.21, 1.25. SO 24:26, 26:25, 32:30, 24:23, CL 18, 16, 19, 14. Antepronotum (Fig. 2 b) slightly separated, with 14:14, 20:18, 19:17, 17:15 setae all along the lateral margin. DM all 0, DL 44:40, 62:59, 52:61, 45:45, PA 16:14, 20:16, 16:18, 16:16, SC 26, 31, 26, 24 (Fig. 2 c). Wing (Fig. 2 d) entirely clothed in macrotrichia, squama with 16:17, 12:12, 23:21, 16:14 fringe hairs, R2+3 in contact with Rl, VR 1.32, 1.35, 1.34, 1.41, R/Cu 1.09, 1.15, 1.14, 1.15. Tip of fore tibia (Fig. 2 e) with a long spur, tip of mid tibia (Fig. 2 f) with two terminal spurs, tip of hind tibia (Fig. 2 g) with two spurs and a combcomposed of 8 or 9 free spines. All terminal spurs of tibiae are darkly pigmented and with long barbs on basal half. fLR 0.93, 0.98, 0.94, (very high), mLR 0.52, 0.52, 0.53,.69, hLR 0.56, 0.55, 0.55, 0.79, fTR 0.12, 0.13, 0.13, fBR 2.8, 4.4, 3.0, mBR 4.3, 4.1, 5.3, 5.1, hBR 6.0, 4.8, 6.0, 5.5. Small, brush-like pulvilli present (Fig. 2 h). Abdominal tergites with very large numbers of setae. Hypopygium in Fig. 2 i. Anal point absent, posterior margin of ninth tergite broadly rounded. Inner lobe of gonocoxite (Fig. 2 j) very long and narrow, apically rounded, inner margin slightly concave and lateral margin slightly convex. Gonostylus very long and narrow, slightly curved inwards, tapering towards apex but apically rounded, without megaseta and with 4 small preapical setae. Remarks. This specimen belongs to genus Pseudobrillia Niitsuma, 1991, since wings are entirely clothed in macrotrichia, anal point absent, inner lobe of gonocoxite long and finger-like, gonostylus also very long, and without megaseta. This genus was created with a single species, P. komorii, and it was described with male, female, pupa and larva collected from a small stream in Tochigi Prefecture. In the males, the measurement data were WL 2.1-3.2 mm,AR 1.09-1.45, antepronotum with 13-29 dorsal and ventral setae, DM 0, DL 39-77, 145 PA 15-27, SC 22-49, SQ 13-27, VR 1.32-1.52, fLR 0.90-0.96, mLR 0.50-0.58, hLR 0.52-0.56. Therefore, the measurement data of the present specimens are within the above variation ranges. However, it was stated in the original description that the body coloration of the males is "thorax dark brown on scutal vitteae, median anepisternum, preepistermim and postnotum, fore legs largely dark brown, mid and hind legs brown except broad basal portion yellowish brown; sometimes thorax and abdomen entirely pale yellow." On the other hand, all the present specimens are almost entirely pale yellow in body coloration, and we consider morereasonable to create a newspecies, rather than ignoring such remarkable differences in body coloration. The above decision is made, of course, by considering the possibility of these specimens might be a subspecies or a variation of P. komorii. 7. Rheocricotopus (Paracricotopus) tamabrevis Sasa, 1983 (Figs. 3 a-k) A male, No.395:73. BL 1.84 mm, WL 0.96 mm, WW/WL 0.35. Scutal stripes and postnotum dark brown, legs and abdominal tergites brown. Head in Fig. 3 a. Eyes pubescent, without dorsomedial extension, ER 1.38, AR 0.42, AHR 0.48, P/H 1.06. SO composed of 2 inner and 4 lateral groups on both sides, CL 13. Antepronotum (Fig. 3 b) united with a point, with 3:4 lateral setae. Setae on scutum and scutellum in Fig. 3 c. DM ll, DL 7:10, PA 5:6, SC 9. Wing (Fig. 3 d) membrane bare, plain, without dark marks, squama with 6:6 fringe hairs, RR 0.39, VR 1.17, R/Cu 1.00. Vein M is very stout and almost in contact with vein R, an unusual charater. Vein Cu 2 nearly straght, Tip of fore tibia (Fig. 3 e) with a long (30 urn) spur, tip of mid tibia (Fig. 3 f) with two short spurs (both 13 pm), tip of hind tibia (Figs. 3 g,h) with a long (28 pm) and a short (12 fim) spur, and a comb composed of 12 free spined. Tarsi of mid and hind legs without terminal spur. fLR 0.64, mLR 0.44, hLR 0.56, fTR 0.15, fBR 1.6, mBR 3.3, hBR 3.8. Large brush-like pulvilli present (Fig. 3 i). Setae on abdominal tergites (Fig. 3 j) are 18 on 1, 22 on II to ¥, and 20 on W and W,and those on I to W are arranged in anterior and posterior transverse rows, charac- teristic to the subgenus Paracricotopus. Hypopygium in Fig. 3 k. Anal point (also in Fig. 3 m) small, entirely clothed in microtrichia, and with 2 or 3 lateral and 1 or 2 basal setae. Inner lobe of gonocoxite (also in Fig. 3 n) nearly rectangular, with 15 marginal setae and microtirchia on the lateral portion. Gonostylus (also in Fig. 3 p) simple, with an acutely an- gulate preapical tooth. Remarks. From the above described data, the present specimen is diagnosed as R. (P.) tamabrevis Sasa, 1983. This species was first recorded from Tama River, Tokyo, and later from 3 additonal localties in the mainland of Japan (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.58). 8. Rheocricotopus gotocedeus sp. nov. (Figs. 4 a-i) No.395:71, reared in the laboratory from bottom leaves of Wani River collected on Nov. 29, the same samples from which the above specimen belonging to the same genus but different subgenus was obtained. BL 2.54 mm,WL1.32 mm,WW/WL0.30. Scutum with black median and lateral stripes and large pale humeral pits, scutellum with black margin and pale in the middle, postnotum black, legs and abdominal tergites yellowish brown. Head in Fig. 4 146 a. Eyes highly pubescent, reniform, ER 1.14. Antenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 0.78, AHR 0.47. P/H 1.27. SO 1+3:1+3, CL 14. Antepronotum (Fig. 4 b) united with a point, with 4:4 lateral setae. Setae on scutum and scutellum in Fig. 4 c. DM 14, DL 8:8, all well deve- loped, PA 3:3, SC 10 in one transverse row. Wing (Fig. 4 d) bare, very finely granular, squama with 4:4 fringe hairs, anal lobe ob- tuse, costa slightly extended beyond tip of R4+5. R2+3 separated, RR 0.49, VR 1.14, R/Cu 1.14. Vein M rather narrow as usual. Cu2 nearly straight. Tip of fore tibia (Fig. 4 e) with a long (42 fjtm) spur, tip of mid tibia (Fig. 4 f) with two short spurs (15 and 18 jum), tip of hind tibia (Figs. 4 g,h) with a long (42 ftm) and a short (16 pm) spur, and a comb composed of 14 free spines. fLR 0.84, mLR 0.60, hLR 61, fTR 0.14, fBR 2.8, mBR 2.9, hBR 3.6. Legs with large pulvilli. Abdominal tergites with relatively small numbers of setae. Hypopygium in Fig. 4 i. Anal point rather small, triangular, widest at base and tapering towards pointed apex, with 4 lateral and 1 basal setae on both sides. Inner lobe of gonocoxite prominent, rectangularly produced. Gonostylus simple, nearly parallel-sided, without preapical swelling. Remarks. This specimen belongs also to Rheocricotopus, but to the subgenus Rheocricotopus s. str., since the general structure is similar to the above species but setae on abdominal tergites are distributed rather randomly, not in two transverse rows as in the above species. Amongthe previously knownspecies of this subgenus, it is somewhat related to R. oimprimus Sasa, 1991 (TPEP p.72) in that scutum with a large humeral pits and stripes are black, AR is much smaller than 1.0, inner lobe of gonocoxite is large and rectangular, but R. oiraprimus is essentially different from the present newspecies in that WL is 1.66 mmand larger, AR 0.4 and smaller, squamabare, DMabsent, and anal point is much larger. The present species differs also from the above species, R. tamabrevis, not only the mode of dis- tribution of setae on abdominal tergites which separated the subgenus, in that scutal stripes are black and muchdarker, BL and WL are larger but WW/WLsmaller, AR larger, fLR, mLRand hLR all larger, anal point is apically pointed, and gonostylus without preapical tooth. 9. Limnophyes minimus (Meigen, 1818) Nine males, No.395:81-88, 98. This species was recorded first in Europe, and also from more than 10 localities in Japan (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p. 67). SPECIES OF WILD ADULT MALES COLLECTED WITH INSECT NET OR LIGHT TRAPS Abbreviations: SWP, collected in daytime by sweeping with insect net. LT, collected in nighttime by light trap. 1. Chironomus nipponensis Tokunaga, 1940 A male, No.394:68, SWP at Ohgawara River on Nov. 29. WL 3.12 mm,WW/WL 0.27, AR 3.33. This species has been recorded from more than ten localities in the mainland of 147 Japan. 2. Chironomus salinarius Kieffer, 1921 Two males, No.394:65,66, SWP at Ohgawara River on Nov. 29. AR 3.19, 3.67, fLR 1.39. WL 2.96, 3.02 mm,WW/WL 0.27, 0.28. Body almost entirely dark brown. This species wascollected in Europe and also in Japan mostly from brackish water swampsand rivers. 3. Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin et Sublette, 1972 A male, No.394:90, SWP at Fukue on Nov. 29. WL 3.48 mm,WW/WL 0.25, AR 3.32, fLR 1.52. This is a species widely distributed in Japan excepting Okinawa, breeding mostly in rather polluted sewage streams. 4. Dicrotendipes nervosus (Staeger, 1839) Three males, No.394:69, SWP at Ohgawara River, No.394:88,90, SWP at Fukue, all on Nov. 29. This is a species originally recorded in Europe, and has been recorded from several localities in the mainland of Japan (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.28). 5. Pentapedilum famibeceum Sasa, 1996 (Fig. 6 a) Twomales, No.394:67, 70, SWP at Ohgawara River on Nov. 28. BL 4.72, 4.08 mm,WL 2.46, 2.14 mm,WW/WL 0.24, 0.27. Scutal stripes and postnotum black, other scutal areas and scutellum yellow, legs brownish yellow, abdominal tergites largely brown and each with a narrow pale area along posterior margin. Eyes bare, ER 0.29, 0.23. Antenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 1.87, 1.85, AHR 0.58, 0.58. P/H 1.02, 1.04. SO 20:20, 14:15, CL 35, 42. Antepronotum separated, without setae. DM 30, 24, in two rows, DL 40:43, 36:33, in 2 or 3 rows, PA 10:ll, 9:9, SC 22, 22. Wing entirely clothed in macrotrichia, squama with 16:15, 16:12 fringe hairs, RR 0.44, 0.34, VR 1.08, 1.09, R/Cu 1.08, 1.13. Tip of fore tibia with a long and apically pointer scale, tips of mid and hind tibiae with two comb scales, one with a long spur and the other without spur. fLR 1.16 (very small), mLR 0.57, 0.57, hLR 0.67, 0.68, fTR 0.21, fBR 4.3, mBR 4.8, 4.0, hBR 5.8, 6.6. Pulvilli large, brush-like. Anal point long, highly chitinized, widest at base and tapering towards pointed apex, and curved ventrally. Dorsal appendage (Fig. 6 a) with a base produced acutely backwards, distal horn long, narrow, smoothly curved and without lateral seta. Ventral appendage long, slightly expanded distally, with two long, caudally directed setae arising on anapical tubercle, and 16 long recurved setae arising on distal half of inner margin. Gonostylus stout, lateral margin strongly convex, with 7 long setae on inner margin. Remarks. The above measurement data and structure are almost coincident with those of P. famibeceum Sasa, 1996, originally collected with a light trap at the side of a lake in Family Park, in the suburbs of Toyama City. This is the second record of this species. 148 6. Pentapedilum sordens (van der Wulp, 1874) (Fig. 6 d) Three males, No.394:71-73, SWP at Ohgawara River on Nov. 28. BL 4.62, 4.82, 4.52 ram,WL 2.40, 2.14, 2.26 mm, WW/WL 0.25, 0.28, 0.27. Scutal stripes and postnotum dark brown, other scutal areas and scutellum yellow, legs and abdominal tergites brown. ER 0.17, 0.24, 0.24, P/H 1.06, 1.08, 1.01. Antenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 1.911, 1.78, 1.94, AHR 0.57, 0.56, 0.56. SO 20:20, 16:17, 14:14, CL 40, 32, 29. Antepronotum deeply sepa- rated, without seta. DM 24, 22, 25, DL 36:36, 34:33, 42:36, PA 10:8, 8:8, ll:12, SC 22, 23, 23. Wing with macrotrichia very densely on entire surface, squama with 16:12, 18:15, 16:16 fringe hairs, RR 0.30, 0.31, VR 1.04, 1.14, 1.13, R/Cu 1.10, 1.15, 1.10. Tip of fore tibia with a long and sharply pointed scale. Tips of mid and hind tibiae with two comb scales, one with a long spur, the other without spur. fLR 1.23 (relatively low), mLR 0.61, 0.57, 0.55, hLR 0.69, 0.65, 0.66, fTR 0.22, fBR 3.9, mBR 4.3, hBR 6.9. Pulvilli large, brush-like. Abdominal tergites with large numbers of setae. Anal point highly chitinized, widest at base and tapering towards rounded apex, curved ventrally. Dorsal appendage (Fig. 6 d) with a long lateral seta arising at about basal 1/3 of distal horn, and with a relatively high base bearing 5 long setae. Ventral appendage long, finger-like, bearing two long setae on apical tubercle, and 32 recurved setae on distal 1/3 of dorsal side. Gonostylus strongly expanded at about middle. Remarks. The above described measurement data and structure of the present specimen roughly fit to those of P. sordens (van der Wulp, 1874), originally described in Europe, and also recorded from several localities in the mainland of Japan (Sasa & Kikuchi, 1995, p.35, 109, Plate 25 E). Key for differentiation of Polypediluni species collected on GOTO see Figs. 5 and 6 1- Dorsal appendage composed of a broad, pad-like plate entirely clothed in microtrichia subgenus Tripodura (absent in this collection) -Dorsal appendage composed of a base, and a distal horn free from microtrichia 2 2- Dorsal appendage composed of a long and broad, parallel-sided base entirely clothed in microtrichia and with long seta on posterior margin, and a medially directed distal horn arising on its inner margin subgenus Uresipedilum, P. cultellatum No.13, Fig. 6 k -Dorsal appendage composed of a low, narrow base, and a distal horn gradually continuous to it subgenus Polypedilum 3 3- Dorsal appendage without lateral seta; the nubifer group 4 -Dorsal appendage with lateral seta; the nubeculosum group 5 4- Basal seta absent, AR 1.71-1.81 P. asakawaense No.7, Fig. 6 b -Basal seta present, AR 0.70-1.03 P. kurobenudum No.8, Fig. 6 e 5- Body almost entirely pale yellow; two inner setae of dorsal appendage arising at about middle of the distal horn, lateral seta arising slightly distal to them; recurved setae on ventral appendage arising at about middle 1/3 of the shaft, distal 1/3 free from recurved setae; AR 1.49-1.70 tsukubaense No.12, Fig. 6 i 149 -Body largely dark brown or black; inner setae of dorsal appendage arising from near the base; recurved setae on ventral appendage arising from tip to distal 1/3 6 6- Antepronotum with 6:6 lateral setae, WL2.74 mm,AR 2.07, lateral seta of dorsal append- age arising at about middle, gonostylus very stout and widest at about distal 1/3 P. nubeculosum No.10, Fig. 6 f -Antepronotum without seta, WL smaller than 2.2 mm,AR 0.7-0.8 7 7- Lateral seta arising at about middle of distal horn, which is stouter and more strongly curved ,basal setae 4, AR 0.69-0.80 P. benokiense No.9, Fig. 6 e -Lateral seta arising at about distal 1/3 of distal horn, which is narrower and less strongly curved, basal setae 2 or 3, AR 0.73-0.80 P. tamanigrum No.ll, Fig. 6 h 7. Polypedilum (Polypedilum) asakawaense Sasa, 1980 (Fig. 6 b) Two males, No.394:16, 17, SWP at Wani River on Nov. 28. BL 3.88, 3.61 mm,WL 2.14, 1.98 mm,WW/WL 0.33, 0.31. Scutal stripes yellow, other scutel areas and scutellum pale, postnotum brown, legs yellow, abdominal tergites brownish yellow, hypopygium brown. ER 0.27, 0.24, AR 1.71, 1.81 (very high among the Polypedilum species collected this time), AHR 0.54, 0.55, P/H 0.90, 0.94. SO ll:ll, 12:12, CL 22, 24. Antepronotum widely separated, without seta. DM 14, 8, DL 9:10, ll:ll, PA 4:4, 3:3, SC 16, 12. Wing bare, squama with 10:10, 10:10 fringe hairs, R2+3 in contact with Rl, VR 1.20, 1.29, R/Cu 1.23, 1.18. fLR 1.55, mLR 0.62, 0.61, LR 0.78, 0.76, fTR 0.13, fBR 5.3, mBR 7.1, 3.2, hBR 7.3, 3.1. Hypopygium as in the type specimens, dorsal appendage (Fig. 6 b) rectangularly curved, without basal and lateral setae. Remarks. This species is a member of the nubifer group of subgenus Polypedilum, and the measurement data and structure are almost coincident with those of P. asakawaense Sasa, 1980, collected first from Asakawa River, Tokyo, and differ only in that body colora- tion is generally paler. 8. Polypedilum (Polypedilum) kurobenudum Sasa et Okazawa, 1992 (Fig.6c) Two males, No.394:ll,12, SWP at Wani River on Nov. 28. BL 3.56, 3.40 mm,WL 1.71, 2.00 mm,WW/WL 0.32, 0.31. Scutum and postnotum brown, scutellum, legs and abdominal tergites yellowish brown. Eyes bare, ER 0.18, 0.19. Antenna with 13 flagellar segments, AR 0.70, 1.03, AHR 0.36, 0.59. P/H 1.04, 1.07. SO ll:ll. 12:13, CL 26, 16. Antepronotum widely and deeply separated in the middle, without seta. DM 28, 16, DL 24:27, 18:21, PA 7:6, 5:6, SC 22, 21, Wing bare, SQ 18:22, ll:ll, R2+3 in contact with Rl, VR 1.31, 1.26, R/Cu 1.17, 118. Tip of fore tibia with a sharply pointed terminal scale, tips of mid and hind tibia with two comb scales, one with a long spur, the other without spur. fLT 1.76, mLR 0.53, 0.52, hLR 0.70, 0.66, fTR 0.32, fBR 3.6, mBR 4.3, 4.0, hBR 5.7, 3.9. Pulvilli large, brush-like. Abdominal tergites with relatively large numbers of setae, 94 on 1 , 90 on I, 86 on HI, 88 on F, 68 on V, ML, 56 on W, and 48 on W. Anal point very long and narrow, almost