STUDIES IN INDO MUSLIM HISTORY In the field of medieval Indian historiography, an eight-volume magnum opus, History of India as Told by Its Own Historians, by Sir Henry Myers Elliot (1808-53) and the editor-compiler of his posthumous papers, John Dowson (1820-81), was published from London between 1867 and 1877. These landmark volumes continue to retain their popularity even nearly hundred and fifty years later, and scholars still learn from and conduct their research on the basis of this work. However, an enterprise of this scale and magnitude was bound to suffer from some serious shortcomings. An eminent Indian scholar, S.H. Hodivala undertook the daunting task of annotating Elliot and Dowson’s volumes and worked through all the new material, selecting or criticizing and adding his own suggestions where previous comments did not exist or appeared unsuitable. The first volume of Hodivala’s annotated Studies, was published in 1939, while the second was published posthumously in 1957. Over the years, while the work of Elliot and Dowson has seen many reprints, and is even available online now, Hodivala’s volumes have receded into obscurity. A new edition is presented here for the first time. Hodivala also published critical commentaries on 238 of about 2000 entries included in another very famous work, Hobson-Jobson (London, 1886) by Sir Henry Yule (1820-89) and Arthur Coke Burnell (1840-82). These have also been included in the present edition. These volumes are thus aimed at serving as an indispensable compendium of both, Elliot and Dowson’s, and for Yule and Burnell’s excellent contributions of colonial scholarship. At the same time these would also serve as a guide for comparative studies and critical appreciation of historical texts. Shahpurshah Hormasji Dinshahji Hodivala (1867-1944), is an iconic figure in the fields of medieval Indian numismatics and historical studies. He made unequalled contribution to the study of Mughal numismatics and his seminal work, Historical Studies in Mughal Numismatics (Calcutta, 1923) has been serving as a beacon of light to the students of Mughal numismatics for close to a century now. He had the honour of becoming the first Indian President of the Numismatic Society of India (Delhi Session, 1922). Besides, he is also well known for his Studies in Parsi History. Sanjay Garg (b. 1965) is a numismatist and economic historian of international repute. He has extensive research experience in history of South Asia, with specialization in economic and monetary history, currency and coinage, historical architecture, and archival studies. His research findings have been widely published in print and multimedia, and include an edited volume of S.H. Holdivala’s numismatic contributions, Studies in Mughal Mint-Towns & Other Essays (2014). At present Dr. Garg is posted as the Director, Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre, Astana (Kazakhstan). . :        .  STUDIES IN INDO-MUSLIM HISTORY by S.H. HODIVALA VOLUME II A Critical Commentary on ELLIOT AND DOWSON’S HISTORY OF INDIA AS TOLD BY ITS OWN HISTORIANS (Vols. V-VIII) & YULE AND BURNELL’S HOBSON-JOBSON Compiled and Edited by SANJAY GARG RO Routledge UTLEDG Taylor & Francis Group E LONDON AND NEW YORK Firstpublished1939,and1957 Reprinted2019 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2019selectionandeditorialmatter,SanjayGarg;individualchapters,thecontributors;and ManoharPublishersandDistributors TherightofSanjayGargtobeidentifiedastheauthoroftheeditorialmaterial,andofthe authorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordancewithsections77and78of theCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinanyform orbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,including photocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,without permissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,and areusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. PrinteditionnotforsaleinSouthAsia(India,SriLanka,Nepal,Bangladesh,Pakistanor Bhutan) BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Acatalogrecordforthisbookhasbeenrequested ISBN:978-1-138-35356-5(hbk) ISBN:978-0-429-42536-3(ebk) TypesetinAdobeGaramondPro11/13 byManohar,NewDelhi110002 MANOHAR Contents Foreword to Volume I: Richard Burn vii Preface to Volume I: S.H. Hodivala ix Publisher’s Note to Volume II: Ruttonsha Shapursha Hodivala xi Abbreviations xiii Prologue: Sanjay Garg xvii How to Use this Volume xxxi Chronological and Genealogical Tables xxxv I. Slave Kings of Delhi xxxv II. Khaljis xxxv III. Tughlaqs xxxvi IV. Interregnum xxxvii V. Saiyads xxxvii VI. Lodis xxxvii VII. Suris xxxviii VIII. Mughals xxxviii A CRITICAL COMMENTARY ON ELLIOT AND DOWSON’S HISTORY OF INDIA AS TOLD BY ITS OWN HISTORIANS Vol. I. Early Arab Geographers I E Vol. II. Ghaznavides, Ghoris and Slave Kings M U Vol. III. The Slave, Khalji and Tughlaq Dynasties L O V Vol. IV. Firūz Tughlaq to Mu]hammad Sūr Vol. V. Bābur, Humāyūn, Akbar 661 Vol. VI. Akbar, Jahāngīr 816 Vol. VII. Shāhjahān to Mu]hammad Shāh 948 Vol. VIII. Muhammad Shāh to Shāh ‘Ālam II 1081 vi CONTENTS Appendices I. S ome Minor Emendations: Elliot and Dowson’s Vols. V-VIII 1117 II. Notes on Hobson-Jobson 1122 III. List of Works Used in Elliot and Dowson’s Vols. I-VIII 1175 Bibliography 1179 Index 1231 Foreword to Volume I Professor Hodivala won the gratitude of all students of Indian numismatics by his constructive Studies in Moghul Numismatics based on wide reading and collation of original sources and careful reasoning from the facts. Those Memoirs have also helped historians to verify, correct or supplement the statements of the Persian writers of Indian History. He has now undertaken the more onerous task of annotating Sir Henry Elliot’s History of India as Told by its Own Historians, and he brings to this the ripest fruits of life-long scholarly studies. In the sixty odd years which have elapsed since the last volume appeared, new texts or better manuscripts have been discovered and Indian, European and American writers have produced many important works. Professor Hodivala has worked through all the new material, selecting or criticising and adding his own suggestions where previous comments do not exist or appear unsuitable. Though all these may not prove acceptable, as the author himself would be the first to admit, the book is one which every student of Elliot should be glad to refer to, and its intelligent use will prevent the repetition of early errors which are still being copied in modern books and articles. Oxford, R. B 6 June 1939 Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group http://taylorandfrancis.com Preface to Volume I Elliot and Dowson’s work was published about sixty years ago and its value has only grown with the lapse of time. It is still indispensable to every serious student of the Muh] ammadan period of Indian History. It is universally quoted, and deservedly too, as an authority of the first class and even regarded by many readers as the very last word on the subject. It is true that several scholars have casually drawn attention to its errors and shortcomings, but these scattered criticisms and casual animadversions have had little or no influence on the general opinion in favour of its infallibility. It has continued to be followed in spite of them and it cannot be denied that his universal vogue and reputation has been responsible for misleading many modern authors, the dissemination of not a few inexactitudes and the circulation of some false and distorted history. It seemed, therefore, necessary in the interests of sound scholarship, to undertake a systematic and exhaustive review of its contents and rectify its errors of interpretation, as well as transliteration. The writer has ventured to undertake this laborious and difficult task and has, at the same time, availed himself of the opportunity to discuss and elucidate questions which were ambiguous or controversial. He has also devoted considerable attention to the restoration of the names of persons and the identification of toponyms which had been left in obscurity. An attempt has been also made to determine the chronology in disputed cases by the application of the week-day test, where it was available. He ventures to think that no one who glances through these pages will declare that such a critical and explanatory commentary was uncalled for and he trusts that his labours will make it possible for students to make a more intelligent and more profitable use of the original work. He lays no claim to be an historian. His object has been merely to investigate, ascertain and verify facts, to reject statements which were inaccurate or without adequate proof and to place the subject on a sounder critical footing. It is seventy years since Blochmann remarked that our knowledge of the Mu]hammadan period of the history of this country was very limited and inaccurate in regard to details. It is true that much useful work has been done since he wrote, that many original sources have been more or less carefully edited and correctly translated, but these pages should convince any one that there is still considerable room for intensive critical labour and research in this field. Many points are still so obscure and incomprehensible that there is no