Strong Ground Motion Seismology NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster and Tokyo D Behavioural and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers E Engineering and Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster Materials Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris, and Tokyo Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences Vol. 204 Strong Ground Motion Seismology edited by Mustafa Ozder Erdik Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey and M. Nafi ToksQZ Earth Resources Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Springer-Science+Susiness Media, S.v. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Strong Ground Motion Seismology Ankara, Turkey June 10-21, 1985 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on Strong Ground Motion Seismology (1985: Ankara, Turkey) Strong ground motion seismology. (NATO ASI series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences; voi. 204) "Proceedings ofthe NATO Advanced Study Institute on Strong Ground Motion Seismology, Ankara, Turkey, June 1Q -21, 1985"-verso of t.p. lncludes index. 1. Seismology-congresses. 1. Erdik, Mustata. 11. Toksăz, M. N., 1934- 111. Title. IV. Series: NATO ASI series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences; vol.204. QE31.N375 1985 551.2'2 87-12819 ISBN 978-90-481-8440-8 ISBN 978-94-017-3095-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3095-2 Ali Rights Reserved © 1987 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by O. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland in 1987 and copyrightholders as specified on appropriate pages within. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface vii List of Participants ix SECTION 1: EARTHQUAKE SOURCE K. Aki / Strong Motion Seismology 3 M. N. ToksQz, A. M. Dainty and J. Nabelek / Earthquake Source Mechanisms: Case Studies 41 G. De Natale, R. Madariaga, R. Scarpa and A. Zollo / Source Parameters of Some Friuli Earthquakes (1976-1977) From Strong Motion Data 85 F. Abramovici and J. Baumgarten / The Seismic Inverse Problem For a Flat Structure 99 SECTION 2: PREDICTION OF STRONG GROUND MOTION D. ;1. Boore / The Prediction of Strong Ground Hotion 109 P. Suhadolc and C. Chiaruttini / A Theoretical Study of the Dependence of the Peak Ground Acceleration on Source and Structure Parameters 143 M. Bouchon / Numerical Simulation of Earthquake Ground Motion 185 G. C. Beroza and V. F. Cormier / High Frequency Earthquake Strong Ground Motion in Laterally Varying Media: The Effect of a Fault Zone 209 M. N. ToksQz, R. S. Wu and D. P. Schmitt / Physical Mechanisms Contributing to Seismic Attenuation in the Crust 225 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 3: ACQUISITION AND INTERPRETATION OF STRONG MOTION DATA (INCLUDING CASE HISTORIES) M. Basili / Data Acquisition and Processing in Strong Motion Seismology 251 A. Rovelli / Strong Ground Motions in Italy: Accelerogram Spectral Properties and Prediction of Peak Values 333 F. K. Chang / Analysis of Strong-Motion Data From the New Hampshire Earthquake of 18 January 1982 355 Y. Ohta, H. Kagami, S. Okada and H. Ohashi / Seismic Intensity and its Applications to Engineering: A Study in Japan 369 Y. Ohta, H. Ohashi, O. Ergunay and A. Tabban / Seismic Intensity and its Applications to Engineering: A Study in Turkey 385 SECTION 4: HAZARD ASSESSMENT C. S. Oliveira / Probabilistic Models for Assessment of Strong Ground Motion 405 V. Doyuran / Seismic Source Regionalization 461 SECTION 5: SITE RESPONSE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION M. Erdik / Site Response Analysis 479 A. M. Ansal / Constitutive Relationships for Soil Dynamics 535 R. Scherer / Source and Local Site Effects-Preliminary Results Based on the Friuli Earthquake Sequence 1976 545 M. Erdik / Soil Structure Interaction Effects on Strong Ground Motion 559 P. Gulkan / Engineering Uses of Strong Motion Data 581 Index 605 PREFACE This book contains selected papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Strong Ground Motion Seismology", held in Ankara, Turkey between June 10 and 21, 1985. The strong ground motion resulting from a major earthquake determines the level of the seismic hazard to enable earthquake engineers to assess the structural performance and the consecutive risks to the property and life, as well as providing detailed information to seismologists about its source mechanism. From the earthquake engineering point the main problem is the specification of a design level ground motion for a given source-site-structure-economic life and risk combination through deterministic and probabilistic approaches. In seismology the strong motion data provide the high frequency information to determine the rupture process and the complexity of the source mechanism. The effects of the propagation path on the strong ground motion is a research area receiving sub stantial attenuation both from earthquake engineers and seismologists. The Institute provided a venue for the treatment of the subject matter by a series of lectures on earthquake source models and near field theories; effects of propagation paths and site conditions, numerical and empirical methods for prediction; data acquisition and analysis; hazard assessment and engineering application. The book is organized in five sections. The first section on the Earthquake Source begins with a general paper on strong motion seismology, followed by treatments on earthquake source mechanisms with several case studies. The assessment of strong ground motion for engineering design relies both on empirical and theoretical methods. These methods are covered in the second section on the Prediction of Strong Ground Motion in a series of papers dealing with source and propagating path parameters, attenuation and scattering effects and numerical simulation procedures. The third section titled Acquisition and Interpretation of Strong Motion Data encompasses the steps for the acquisition and processing of the strong motion data with particular emphasis on network management and analog-to-digital conversion. Papers on case studies dealing with strong ground motion data analysis and seismic intensity assessments in several parts of the world complement the theoretical treatment. Probabilistic models for the assessment of Strong Ground Motion based on point process to describe its occurrence in space, time and size, and based on a continuous time-dependent process to describe its var~tion for a given occurence are covered under the fourth section on Hazard Assessment. The importance of the geologic and tectonic environment in occurence models are amplified in another vii viii PREFACE paper in the same section. Fifth section is devoted to the site response and £ngineering analysis. Determination of the site response for a given seismic environment is an important engineering problem not only for the design of structures but also for the proper interpretation of strong motion records obtained at the building foundation. Both issues are treated in depth with complementing material on the constitutive relationship for soils and on the observational data on local site effects on strong ground motion. The last paper in this section of the book deals with the engineering uses of strong motion data providing a venue for the earthquake resistant design of structures. Strong ground motion, a problem of mutual interest to earthquake engineers and seismologists, can be ideally studied through interaction between both disciplines. The editors would be happy if this publication imparts small momentum to this communication. We are grateful to NATO Scientific Affairs Division which provided the opportunity to carry out the institute and the grant towards its finance. The contributions by Kinemetrics Inc., U.S.Army Research and Development Office, Turkish Electricity Authority, Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council, Middle East Technical University and Sprengnether Inc. should also be acknowledged with gratitude. We wish to express our appreciation Sad1k Bak1r who assisted in arranging the format of the book and supervised the drawings and to Dilek Karakaya who typed the manuscripts 1n the uniform format. Finally, we are grateful to the participants in the Advance Study Institute for their involvement and, specifically, for their contribution to this book. M.o.Erdik, M.N.Toksoz LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Dr. Flavian Abramovici, Professor Dr. Orner Alptekin, Professor Tel Aviv University Black Sea University School of Mathematical Sciences Dept. of Geophysics Ramat Aviv, 69978 Trabzon, Turkey Tel Aviv, Israel Dr.Atilla Ansal, Professor Dr. William Mansfield Adams Istanbul Technical University Professor of Geophysics Dept of civil Engrg. University of Hawaii at Manoa Ayaza~a Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Istanbul, Turkey 2525 Correa Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Ms.Ionela Apopei Scientific Researcher Glirbliz Akcora Geophysikalisches Institut Turkish Electricity Authority der Universitaet Karlsruhe Nuclear Power Plants Division Hertzstrasse 16 Han~meli Sok. 9 7500 Karlstruhe-West Ankara, Turkey West Germany Suzan Akcora Ms.Ref'an Ate§ TUBITAK-Building Research Inst. Earthquake Research Division Bilir Sokak, No.17 Ministry of Public Works and Housing Kavakl~dere, Ankara Lodumlu, Ankara Turkey Turkey Dr. Keiiti Aki, Professor Mr.Alkut Aytun University of Southern California TUBITAK-Building Research Inst. Department of Geological Sciences Bilir Sokak, 17 University Park, Los Angeles Kavakl~dere, Ankara California, 90089-0741 Turkey U.S.A. Mr •G linruh Ba~C1 Dr. Nuri Akka§, Professor Hacettepe University Middle East Technical University Dept of Geological Engrg. Earthquake Engineering Research Center Beytepe, Ankara Ankara, Turkey Turkey Dr. Mazin A.H.Al-Salim Dr. Mauro Basili, Director Research Seismologist Laboratorio Ingegneria dei Siti Scientific Research Council ENEA Building Research Center S.P.Anguillarese, 301 Seismology Unit 00100 Roma A.D. P.O.Box 2l36-Baghdad Italy Iraq ix