MATERIALS SCIENCE & CIVIL ENGINEERING R a s h e e d Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete S t with FRP r e n Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete g t with FRP establishes the art and science of h strengthening design of reinforced concrete e n with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) beyond the i n abstract nature of the design guidelines from g Canada (ISIS Canada 2001), Europe (FIB Task D Group 9.3 2001), and the United States (ACI e 440.2R-08). Evolved from thorough class notes s i used to teach a graduate course at Kansas g n State University, this comprehensive textbook: o f • Addresses material characterization, flexural R strengthening of beams and slabs, shear Strengthening Design e strengthening of beams, and confinement i n strengthening of columns f o of Reinforced Concrete r • Discusses the installation and inspection c of FRP as externally bonded (EB) or near- e with FRP d surface-mounted (NSM) composite systems for concrete members C o • Contains shear design examples and design examples for each flexural failure n mode independently, with comparisons to actual experimental capacity c r • Presents innovative design aids based on ACI 440 code provisions and hand e t calculations for confinement design interaction diagrams of columns e w • Includes extensive end-of-chapter questions, references for further study, i and a solutions manual with qualifying course adoption t h F Delivering a detailed introduction to FRP strengthening design, Strengthening Design R of Reinforced Concrete with FRP offers a depth of coverage ideal for senior-level P undergraduate, master’s-level, and doctoral-level graduate civil engineering courses. K23067 Hayder A. Rasheed 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK www.crcpress.com K23067_cover.indd 1 9/23/14 9:59 AM Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP Composite Materials: Analysis and Design Series Editor Ever J. Barbero PUBLISHED Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, Hayder A. Rasheed Smart Composites: Mechanics and Design, Rani Elhajjar, Valeria La Saponara, and Anastasia Muliana Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using ANSYS,® Second Edition, Ever J. Barbero Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials using Abaqus,™ Ever J. Barbero FRP Deck and Steel Girder Bridge Systems: Analysis and Design, Julio F. Davalos, An Chen, Bin Zou, and Pizhong Qiao Introduction to Composite Materials Design, Second Edition, Ever J. Barbero Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials, Ever J. Barbero Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP Hayder A. Rasheed Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140912 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-3559-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Dedication To the memory of my late father Abdul Sattar Rasheed To my caring mother Ghania Contents Series Preface ............................................................................................................xi Preface....................................................................................................................xiii About the Author .....................................................................................................xv Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1 1.1 Advancements in Composites....................................................1 1.2 Infrastructure Upgrade ..............................................................1 1.3 Behavior of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure .......................................................................................2 1.4 Behavior of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams in Shear ..........................................................................................5 1.5 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Wrapped with FRP ............................................................................................6 References ............................................................................................7 Chapter 2 Background Knowledge .......................................................................9 2.1 Overview ...................................................................................9 2.2 Flexural Design of RC Sections ................................................9 2.2.1 Strain Compatibility .....................................................9 2.2.2 Force Equilibrium ......................................................10 2.2.3 Moment Equilibrium ..................................................11 2.2.4 Constitutive Relationships ..........................................12 2.2.4.1 Behavior of Concrete in Compression ........13 2.2.4.2 Behavior of Concrete in Tension ................17 2.2.4.3 Behavior of Reinforcing Steel.....................18 2.3 Shear Design of RC Beams .....................................................23 2.4 Internal Reinforcement to Confine RC Columns ....................30 2.5 Service Load Calculations in Beams.......................................34 Appendix A ........................................................................................38 References ..........................................................................................39 Chapter 3 Constituent Materials and Properties .................................................41 3.1 Overview .................................................................................41 3.2 Fibers .......................................................................................41 3.3 Matrix ......................................................................................44 3.3.1 Thermosetting Resins .................................................45 3.3.2 Thermoplastic Resins .................................................46 3.4 Fiber and Composite Forms ....................................................46 vii viii Contents 3.5 Engineering Constants of a Unidirectional Composite Lamina .....................................................................................46 3.6 FRP Sheet Engineering Constants from Constituent Properties .................................................................................51 3.6.1 Determination of E ....................................................51 1 3.6.2 Determination of E ...................................................51 2 3.6.3 Determination of ν ...................................................52 12 3.6.4 Determination of G ..................................................52 12 3.6.5 Determination of ν : ..................................................53 21 3.7 Properties of FRP Composites (Tension) ................................54 3.8 Properties of FRP Composites (Compression) ........................65 3.9 Properties of FRP Composites (Density) ................................65 3.10 Properties of FRP Composites (Thermal Expansion) .............65 3.11 Properties of FRP Composites (High Temperature) ...............67 3.12 Properties of FRP Composites (Long-Term Effects)...............67 References ..........................................................................................69 Chapter 4 Design Issues ......................................................................................71 4.1 Overview .................................................................................71 4.2 Design Philosophy of ACI 440.2R-08 .....................................71 4.3 Strengthening Limits due to Loss of Composite Action .........72 4.4 Fire Endurance ........................................................................72 4.5 Overall Strength of Structures .................................................73 4.6 Loading, Environmental, and Durability Factors in Selecting FRP ..........................................................................74 4.6.1 Creep-Rupture and Fatigue ........................................74 4.6.2 Impact Resistance .......................................................74 4.6.3 Acidity and Alkalinity ...............................................74 4.6.4 Thermal Expansion ....................................................75 4.6.5 Electric Conductivity ..................................................75 4.6.6 Durability ...................................................................75 References ..........................................................................................77 Chapter 5 Flexural Strengthening of Beams and Slabs ......................................79 5.1 Overview .................................................................................79 5.2 Strength Requirements ............................................................79 5.3 Strength Reduction Factors .....................................................80 5.4 Flexural Failure Modes ...........................................................81 5.4.1 Ductile Crushing of Concrete ....................................81 5.4.1.1 Flexural Strengthening of a Singly Reinforced Section......................................81 5.4.1.2 Flexural Strengthening of a Doubly Reinforced Section......................................93