Strategic IT Management Inge Hanschke Strategic IT Management A Toolkit for Enterprise Architecture Management 123 IngeHanschke iteratecGmbH Inselkammerstr.4 82008München Germany [email protected] FigureDrawingsbyFrankFischer,Ottobrunn ISBN978-3-642-05033-6 e-ISBN978-3-642-05034-3 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-05034-3 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009939716 ACMComputingClassification(1998):K.6,J.1,H.4,C.0,D.2 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 EnglishTranslationfromtheGermanedition: StrategischesManagementderIT-Landschaft EinpraktischerLeitfadenfürdasEnterpriseArchitectureManagement byIngeHanschke©2009CarlHanserVerlagMünchen AllRightsReserved. Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:KuenkelLopkaGmbH,Heidelberg Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Changesinbusinessmodelsandfaster-pacedinnovationandproductlifecyclespose a big challenge to IT managers – who are already tasked with keeping operations runningreliably.Youhavetoanticipatetheimpactofchangestakingshapeahead, andtakedecisionsrapidly,backingyourchoicesbysolidfact.Todothis,youneed anoverallperspectiveofhowbusinessandITinteract. This is exactly where a toolkit for strategic management of the IT landscape can help, by building greater transparency into the current IT landscape and mak- ingexplicititscontributiontothebusinesssuccessoftheenterprise.Theenterprise strategyandbusinessrequirementsarecascadedintorequirementsforIT:anongo- ing process that entails building a picture of the target architecture, designing implementationplansandmanagingtheprocessfortakingplansintoaction. Rightfromthestart,thetoolkitmustenablemanagementoftheenterprisefrom ahelicopterviewpointandaccommodateeveryaspectoftheenterprisearchitecture: businessandITstructures,processesandorganisation,aswellassoftwaresupport. Yet it also has to be introduced in achievable stages that deliver tangible success. Senior management, business departments and IT teams all have to be convinced bysuccess.Onlyifitsvalueisapparentwilltheconceptbegiventhego-aheadfor furtherinvestment. Sohowdoyouarriveataworkabletoolkit?Howdoyougoaboutit,andwhat investmentandeffortcanyouexpecttomake?Whatisthepayoff? The relevant literature investigates a number of approaches. Yet information is patchyandlackingreal-lifeapplicationformanyoftherelevantaspects.Inadequate documentationandlackofstandardisationbothleavetheirmark,makingitdifficult forITandbusinessmanagersandtheirteamstonavigatethischallengingterritory. Motivated by the challenge of assembling a comprehensive, practicable toolkit for the strategic management of IT landscapes, I set to work on this book. It con- denses the experience of many projects with customers, and insights from many hundredsofhoursofdiscussionwithexpertsfromclientcompanies,consultancies and academia. The book takes a holistic view of the IT landscape management process, above all giving specific guidelines on how to establish and how to roll out strategic IT landscape management in the enterprise and ensures it becomes establishedpractice. v vi Preface ThisbookwillhelpyouembarksuccessfullyintostrategicITlandscapemanage- mentandevolveiteffectively.Thefirststepiswhatmatters.Thereisrarelyasecond chance. Munich,August2009 IngeHanschke Acknowledgements Manythankstomyteamatiteratecandcolleaguesatothercompaniesforthepro- ductive exchanges, especially in the course of the design and development of the EAMtooliteraplan. Thank you to my discussion partners, reviewers and supporters, whose valu- ablecommentsandfeedbackhavegreatlycontributedtothisbook:KarstenVoges, Gunnar Giesinger, Andreas Feldschmidt, Matthias Häring, Margarete Metzger, Irene Weilhart and others who did not wish to be named, but whose contribution ismuchappreciated. Last but not least, thanks to Frank Fischer for the graphics expertise and to Marion Bonleitner, Alice Golja, Svenja Altwein and Luisa Kunze for the editorial assistanceandHannahLeafortheexcellenttranslation. And a special thank-you to my family, who kept me going and encouraged me withtheirfeedback. vii Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 StrategicManagementofITLandscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 NavigatingThisBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 WhoShouldReadThisBook? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 ScopeofThisBook,FurtherReading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 StrategicPlanningofIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 RoleofITintheOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 StrategicPositioningofIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4 StrategicObjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4.1 DerivingITGoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.4.2 PrinciplesforStrategicGuidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.4.3 StrategiestoUnderpinGoalAchievement . . . . . . . . . 31 2.5 ITStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.5.1 ContentofanITStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.5.2 ITStrategyDocument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.5.3 GuidelinesforITStrategyinPractice . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3 EnterpriseArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.2 EnterpriseArchitectureFrameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.3 Best-PracticeEnterpriseArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3.3.1 InformationTimelinessandGranularity . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.3.2 ConstituentsofBest-PracticeEnterpriseArchitecture . . . 70 3.3.3 LandscapePlanningStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 3.4 BusinessLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.5 ViewsoftheEnterpriseArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3.6 GuidelinesforPersonalisationofBest-PracticeEnterprise ArchitectureinPractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 4 ITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 4.2 ObjectivesandBenefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 ix x Contents 4.3 ConstituentsofITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4.3.1 ElementsofApplicationLandscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 4.3.2 RelationshipsinApplicationLandscapes . . . . . . . . . . 125 4.4 ITLandscapeManagementProcesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 4.4.1 DocumentingtheITLandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 4.4.2 AnalysingtheITLandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 4.4.3 ITLandscapePlanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 4.4.4 GoverningtheFurtherDevelopmentoftheITLandscape . 185 4.5 EstablishOrganisationalChange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 4.5.1 RolesandResponsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 4.5.2 IntegrationintoProcessesofITandDecisionMaking . . . 190 4.5.3 MaturityLevelofITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . 194 4.6 Guidelines for Personalisation of IT Landscape ManagementinPractice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 4.6.1 ConceptionofITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . 208 4.6.2 SamplingandOptimising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 4.6.3 AnchoringITLandscapeManagementintheOrganisation 215 5 TechnicalStandardisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 5.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 5.2 ObjectivesofTechnicalStandardisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 5.3 ElementsofaStandardisationCatalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 5.3.1 ArchitecturalDomains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 5.3.2 TechnicalComponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 5.4 TechnicalStandardisationProcesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 5.4.1 Maintaining,ProvidingandCommunicatingtheBlueprint. 234 5.4.2 ITInnovationManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 5.4.3 StrategicEvolutionofTechnicalStandards . . . . . . . . . 238 5.4.4 EnactingStandardisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 5.4.5 DirectingCompliancewithTechnicalStandards . . . . . . 242 5.5 OrganisationalStructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 5.5.1 RolesandResponsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 5.5.2 Entities,BoardsandIntegrationintoProcessesinIT andDecision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 5.5.3 MaturityofITinTermsofTechnicalStandardisation . . . 246 5.6 GuidelinesforTechnicalStandardisationinPractice . . . . . . . . 252 6 EAMGovernance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 6.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 6.2 ITOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 6.2.1 CollaborationModelBetweenBusinessandIT . . . . . . 264 6.2.2 FormofOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 6.2.3 DecisionBoards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 6.2.4 ChangingtheITOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Contents xi 6.3 StrategicControlToolkits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 6.3.1 ControlIndicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 6.3.2 Decision-MakingGroupsandTheirInformationNeeds . . 303 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337