“Sexual violence is a global crisis in institutions of higher education, and the UK is far from immune. While many survivors have often been forced to carry the weight of advocacy on their own, it has always been clear that the fight for safer campuses must involve the entire university. Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education is a call to higher education professionals to understand the causes of violence, and encourage them to see ending gender-based violence as an occupational responsibility. Towl and Humphreys have done an excellent job of assembling a collection of thoughts from experts across the UK, and send an urgent message to educators: it’s time to follow the lead of survivors, and join the fight to make our universities safer for all.” Andrea L. Pino-Silva, co-author of We Believe You: Survivors of Campus Sexual Assault Speak Out, and co-founder of End Rape on Campus, USA “Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education is an essential handbook that covers student–student, staff–student, and staff–staff violence. This collection will educate experts even as it provides direction for those new to handling complaints. Most importantly, the chapters centre in bold relief the experiences of victim-survivors.” Mara Keire, University of Oxford, UK “This comprehensive exploration into the many facets, manifestations, and intersections of gender-based violence in higher education is long overdue. The insightful and well-researched contributions make this essential reading for all those who work in the sector.” Amatey Doku, former Vice President Higher Education, National Union of Students (NUS) and Independent Board Member, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, UK “This volume is essential reading for anyone interested in tackling campus violence. Drawing on diverse perspectives from across fields, it paints a sophisticated tableau of the problems faced, root causes, and possible solutions. Achieving a diverse and inclusive higher education sector requires the ambition and inclusive approach that this volume reflects.” Georgina Calvert-Lee, Senior Litigation Counsel, McAllister Olivarius, UK Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education provides a unique insight into how gender-based violence at universities is impacting students and staf and outlines the path towards tangible changes that can prevent it. Bringing together perspectives from academics, activists, practitioners, and university administrators, the book presents a diverse range of voices to constructively critique the feld. Structured in three parts, the book begins by addressing the context, theory, and law that stipulates how universities can efectively respond to reports of gender- based violence. It goes on to discuss the most pragmatic ways to address the issue while contributing to prevention and supporting victim-survivors. Finally, the book advocates for the development of benefcial working partnerships with key external services available to university communities and also working with students as partners in an ethical and safe way. Throughout the book, contributors are invited to demonstrate a comprehensive institution-wide and trauma-informed approach to centre the needs of the victim-survivor and prioritise resources to undertake this vital work. Each chapter ends with a brief summary of key points or recommendations and suggested further reading on the chapter topic. Although the authors draw on research and policy from the UK Higher Education sector, the insights will be a useful resource for those in universities around the world. This book is an essential reference point and resource for professionals, academics, and students in Higher Education, as well as indispensable reading for activists, policymakers, police, rape crisis groups, and other organisations supporting these universities who want to make meaningful change in reducing, responding to, and preventing gender-based violence in Higher Education. Clarissa J. Humphreys is a practitioner, trainer, and leading authority on addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in Higher Education. She is currently Sexual Misconduct Prevention and Response Manager at Durham University and has clinical experience working with survivors and perpetrators of GBV and with individuals with acute mental illnesses and co-occurring substance use issues. Graham J. Towl is Professor of Forensic Psychology at Durham University and a former chief psychologist at the Ministry of Justice. He was peer (British Psychological Society) nominated as the most infuential UK forensic psychologist. His publications on sexual violence at universities include two co-authored books and numerous blogs and articles in Higher Education outlets. Stopping Gender-based Violence in Higher Education Policy, Practice, and Partnerships Edited by Clarissa J. Humphreys and Graham J. Towl Cover image: © Getty Images First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Clarissa J. Humphreys and Graham J. Towl; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Clarissa J. Humphreys and Graham J. Towl to be identifed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-1-032-17249-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-17247-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-25247-4 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003252474 Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of contributors xi List of abbreviations xvi List of tables xviii List of fgures xix 1 Introduction: we still have work to do 1 CLARISSA J. HUMPHREYS AND GRAHAM J. TOWL PART I Context, theory, and law 9 2 The signifcance of culture in the prevention of gender-based violence in universities 11 MELANIE MCCARRY, CASSANDRA JONES, AND ANNI DONALDSON 3 Hidden Marks: the contribution of student leaders to tackling gender-based violence on campus 28 JIM DICKINSON AND SUNDAY BLAKE 4 Intersectional approaches to gender-based violence in universities: experiences and interventions 46 GEETANJALI GANGOLI AND CASSANDRA JONES 5 Violence and abuse, universities, and LGBTQ+ students 66 CATHERINE DONOVAN AND NICOLA ROBERTS 6 Perceptions of consent in UK Higher Education: implications for policy and training 88 NGOZI ANYADIKE-DANES viii Contents 7 Sexual violence in Higher Education: prevalence and characteristics of perpetrators 109 SAMUEL T. HALES 8 The legal framework: limitations and opportunities 128 RACHEL FENTON AND JANET KELIHER PART II Practice 149 9 EmilyTest: from tragedy to change 151 FIONA DROUET AND POPPY GERRARD-ABBOTT 10 Comprehensive institution-wide approach: what it means to be comprehensive 171 CLARISSA J. HUMPHREYS AND GRAHAM J. TOWL 11 Staf sexual misconduct in Higher Education: impacts, responses, and challenges 196 ANNA BULL 12 Case management as a dedicated role responding to gender-based violence in Higher Education 217 KELLY PRINCE AND PETA FRANKLIN-CORBEN 13 Investigation and interviewing: responding to formal reports of sexual violence in Higher Education 239 CARL NORCLIFFE AND ANDREA PESCOD 14 Primary prevention in Higher Education: progress and opportunity 262 KELSEY PASKE 15 Refections on accessing and reporting on employee well-being data: implications for hybrid-working and gender-based violence 283 ROSANNA BELLINI 16 We should do something (someday): identifying and working through resistance to gender-based violence prevention 302 CLARISSA J. HUMPHREYS AND GRAHAM J. TOWL Contents ix PART III Partnerships 321 17 How to involve students in work on gender-based violence 323 SUNDAY BLAKE AND JIM DICKINSON 18 Gender-based violence and HE partnerships with sexual assault services 336 LIZ HUGHES AND TAMMI WALKER 19 Rape crisis: taking a partnership approach to addressing gender-based violence with universities and colleges across Scotland 350 NIAMH KERR AND KATHRYN DAWSON 20 The role of regulation in addressing gender-based violence in Higher Education 370 AMY NORTON AND GRAHAM J. TOWL 21 Working with schools to tackle online harms and gender-based violence 390 ANDY PHIPPEN AND EMMA BOND 22 Conclusion: future directions in addressing our problem with gender-based violence in Higher Education 413 GRAHAM J. TOWL AND CLARISSA J. HUMPHREYS Index 423