IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE AT KNOXVILLE April 29, 2003 Session STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ALEJANDRO RIVERA Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Cocke County No. 7144 Ben W. Hooper, II, Judge No. E2002-00491-CCA-R3-CD December 1, 2003 The Cocke County Grand Jury indicted the Defendant for first degree premeditated murder pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-13-202 (1997). After a trial, the jury convicted the Defendant of the indicted charge and then sentenced him to life in prison with the possibility of parole. The Defendant appeals contending that: (1) the prosecutor made improper statements to the jury; (2) the trial court improperly admitted into evidence two pieces of evidence and statements of his co-defendants; (3) the trial court erred when it refused to grant his request for a continuance; (4) the trial court erred when it refused to grant him a judgment of acquittal; (5) the trial court erred when it instructed the jury; (6) the voir dire was improper; (7) the trial court erred when it refused the Defendant’s request to change venue; (8) the trial court erred when it refused to admit drawings made by a key prosecution child-witness; (9) the trial court erred when it allowed two witnesses to remain in the courtroom for the duration of the trial; (10) the trial court erred when it refused to consider evidence regarding statements allegedly made by the jury foreman; (11) the trial court erred when it refused to allow a New York search warrant and affidavit to be admitted into evidence; (12) the trial court erred when it allowed a photograph of the deceased to be admitted into evidence; and (13) the trial court erred when it did not review the “TBI file.” Finding no error in the judgments of the trial court, we affirm the Defendant’s conviction. Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and JERRY L. SMITH, JJ., joined. Carl R. Ogle, Jr., Jefferson City, Tennessee, and Tim S. Moore, Newport, Tennessee, for the appellant, Alejandro Rivera. Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Michael Moore, Solicitor General; Angele M. Gregory, Assistant Attorney General; Alfred C. Schmutzer, Jr., District Attorney General; and Ronald C. Newcomb, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee. OPINION This case arises from the killing of Jonathan Aaron Smith (“Aaron Smith” or the “victim”) on July 23, 1997. The State asserted that the victim’s wife, Denice Smith, and her twin sister, Deborah Graham, hired the Defendant to kill the victim, which he did with the assistance of Deborah Graham.1 At the time of the murder, the victim and Denice Smith were recently divorced, and a few days before the murder, on July 17, 1997, the court entered an order granting the victim custody of the couple’s two minor children, Brittany and Joshua. Based upon this theory and supporting facts, the Cocke County Grand Jury indicted the Defendant for premeditated first degree murder. Following a jury trial in the Cocke County Circuit Court, a jury convicted the Defendant of first degree murder, and the trial court sentenced him to life in prison with the possibility of parole. Because one issue that the Defendant appeals is whether sufficient evidence exists to convict him of premeditated first degree murder, we must summarize the evidence presented at trial. At trial, the State offered testimony from Sharon Jarvis, Sharon Michael Strange, and Christine Latham Loveday, who all testified that Denice Smith sought to kill her husband. Jarvis testified that she was a day-care worker who watched Denice Smith’s children between June and August of 1996. Jarvis testified that, during that time, Denice Smith confided in Jarvis that she and the victim were getting a divorce and that she did not want him picking up the children. Jarvis stated that Denice Smith told her that she was concerned that the victim would get custody of the children and on three occasions told her that, if the victim did get custody, she would kill him. On cross-examination, Jarvis testified that Denice Smith told her that there had been some physical confrontations between the victim and herself and that the son, Joshua, had Down Syndrome. Jarvis also stated that Denice Smith told her that on one occasion she had her daughter Brittany assist her in “break[ing] into the house where [the victim] was staying” to retrieve items. Sharon Michael Strange testified that she was the manager of a tanning salon that Denice Smith frequented from May of 1997 to July of 1997. Strange testified that Denice Smith told her that she had marital problems and was going through a divorce from her husband, Aaron Smith. Strange stated that Denice Smith told her that the couple was battling for custody of the children. Strange testified that, on one occasion, Denice Smith asked her if “I knew anybody [who] could do a job for her? And I asked her what kind of job that she wanted done, and she said that she would like to have [her] husband taken care of . . . .” Strange testified that, after Denice Smith told her that she wanted her husband killed, Strange told her that she needed “to be careful who she was talking to, and that she could get in a lot of trouble.” Strange testified that Denice Smith did not mention the marriage again for the next couple of weeks but brought pictures to show Strange that the children had been abused by the victim. Strange stated that, at some point, Denice Smith called her and told her that the court awarded the victim custody of the children and that she was going to take 1 The sisters were found guilty of first degree murder and were sentenced to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole. That conviction was affirmed by this court in State v. Graham, No. E1999-02248-CCA-R3-CD, 2001 WL 301160, at *16 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, Mar. 29, 2001), and the sisters’ applications for permission to appeal to the Tennessee Supreme Court were denied on September 17, 2001. -2- the “kids [to Florida] and run with them, and that if she had to kill him in the process, that she would.” On cross-examination, Strange testified that Denice Smith told her that the victim physically abused her and her children. She also testified that Denice Smith told her that the victim stuck a pencil lead in Joshua’s leg. Christine Loveday testified that she worked with Denice Smith at a dentists’ office and that Denice Smith discussed her marital problems with her. Loveday testified that Denice Smith told her more than once that if her husband ever got custody of the children, she would kill him or have him killed. Loveday stated that Denice Smith told her that she would leave the country with the children before she would allow her husband to have custody of the children. Loveday testified that, five days before she heard that the victim was killed, she saw Denice Smith at the dentists’ office and noticed that her truck was loaded down and that Denice Smith’s father was with her. Loveday testified that, when she asked Denice Smith where she was going, Denice Smith said that “she couldn’t tell us, and that we didn’t want to know.” Charles Jackson Snyder testified that he was an employee of the Gatlinburg Post Office and that he was employed there on July 15, 1997. Snyder reported that, while working at the post office on July 15, 1997, he received a phone call from “Carl Sanders who said he was from Bismarck, North Dakota.” Snyder stated that Sanders informed him that an express mail package addressed to Aaron Smith was going to arrive and that the package contained drugs. Snyder testified that he gave this information to his supervisor, who contacted the Postal Inspector from Knoxville, Russell F. Fallis. Snyder stated that, subsequently, the package arrived and was given to Fallis. Fallis testified that, after learning that the package might contain drugs, he decided to pose as a postal carrier and deliver the package to the victim with the assistance of Randy Parton and Rickie McMahan from the Fourth Judicial District Task Force. Fallis testified that the package indicated that it was from Atlanta, and, after he delivered it to the victim, the victim opened it on the street, which was relatively crowded. Fallis stated that, after the Task Force officers showed the victim their credentials, the victim stated that he had been “set up.” Fallis testified that after the officers approached the victim and explained that they suspected that the package contained drugs the victim consented to allow the officers to open the package in front of him. The package contained two bags of what appeared to be drugs and an envelope that read, “To Aaron Smith. Next time the price goes up.” Fallis testified that they did not arrest the victim because it did not appear that he was aware that this package contained drugs. Fallis stated that he later learned that the package originated in Miami, Florida, and not in Atlanta, as the return address indicated. Fallis testified that he requested an inquiry by the postal inspector in Miami. Fallis also testified that he sent the contents of the package to the crime lab to determine if any latent fingerprints were present on the items, and the lab determined that the fingerprints of Deborah Graham were on the items. On cross-examination, Fallis testified that the victim told him that Deborah Graham was heavily involved in drugs and that he suspected that she sent him the package. -3- Carl Smith, a forensic scientist for the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (“TBI”), testified that the substance contained in the two bags in the package weighed 0.14 grams and was tested and confirmed to be cocaine. The State filed the Memorandum Opinion entered by the Circuit Court for Cocke County in the case of Jonathan Aaron Smith versus Denice Smith filed on July 17, 1997, which granted custody of the couple’s children to the victim. Harry T. Smith, the victim’s father, testified that he lived on a campground called Camp Acres, which he owned at the time of the victim’s murder. Harry Smith testified that Camp Acres was only accessible by an electric gate that required a card for entry. The only people who had cards were “lot owners” who either owned or rented a lot. Harry Smith testified that Denice Smith had one of those cards. He stated that the victim lived in a house on Camp Acres for some time with his wife, Denice Smith, and their two children. Harry Smith testified that Denice Smith and the victim were married for twelve years before they began to have marital problems that led to the couple filing for divorce. Harry testified that, when the couple separated, the victim moved into Harry Smith’s house and that the children remained with Denice Smith in the couple’s house. Harry Smith testified about the day of the murder, July 23, 1997. Harry Smith testified that on that day he was fixing the road down by the gate to Camp Acres. He stated that at 3:30 p.m. he went back to the house to shower and change clothes, and at about 4:20 p.m. he left his house to get something to eat. Harry Smith testified that the victim was not home at this time. Harry Smith testified that he came back to the house around 6:00 p.m., and, at that time, he saw his son laying on his side in front of the house. He explained that his son appeared to have been shot. Harry Smith testified that he went in the house, which looked as if it had been ransacked, and called 9-1-1. Harry Smith noticed that the return air vent was open and “laying down,” and he thought that it was unusual because he used to keep money behind the return air vent, a fact of which Denice Smith was aware. Harry Smith testified that there was a pair of handcuffs on a chair in the house, and a gun, that belonged to him, laying under the table. Harry Smith testified that he noticed that a box containing some old coins, pocket watches, a “railroad watch” and a “24 karat gold nugget watch” was missing from a cabinet in the garage. He stated that a gun and gun case were also missing from the cabinet. He also said that the only room in the house that was not “ransacked” was the room upstairs where his son was living, but that the rifles that he stored in that room were on the floor. Harry Smith testified that the last time that he saw Denice Smith was the day after the divorce was final and custody was granted to the victim. Denice Smith and her father loaded up a truck, put Brittany and Joshua in the car and left. Harry Smith testified that he thought that she and her father were leaving, but his wife suggested that they were only going to an appointment. Robert Caldwell, Chief Detective with the Cocke County Sheriff’s Department, testified that he investigated the victim’s murder on July 23, 1997. He testified that, when he arrived at the scene, he found the victim’s body on the sidewalk leading to the residence. Detective Caldwell testified that he requested assistance from the TBI. On cross-examination, the Detective testified that he -4- made an affidavit to the court stating that his file indicated that there were pictures of four suspects faxed to him, including a picture of the Defendant, and that Brittany, the victim’s daughter, did not identify any of the suspects. However, the Detective stated that, after he reviewed his file in preparation for the trial, he found that Brittany did identify the picture of one of the suspects, Harry Hodges, as somebody named George that she saw in a motel in Florida. Dr. Cleland Blake, the Assistant State Chief Medical Examiner with the TBI, testified that he performed the autopsy on the victim. Dr. Blake testified that there were three gunshot wounds to the victim: one bullet went through his right ear and was from a gun fired from in front of the victim; another bullet entered the back of his head and exited the front of his forehead and was fired from a gun behind the victim; and another bullet entered his back and exited his right chest area and was fired from a gun behind the victim. The doctor testified that the bullet that entered the victim’s head was “an instantly lethal wound.” Kelly Smith, who was with TBI at the time of the murder investigation, testified that she was the team leader of the team responsible for the forensic investigation of the murder. She testified that when she arrived at the scene of the murder at around 11:00 p.m., the victim’s body had already been removed. Agent Smith stated that, during the course of her investigation, she found a spent bullet and several reddish-brown stains both inside and outside of the house. She also testified that she found handcuffs inside the house and that inside the house there were “clothes and other material that had been strewn throughout the house, and it was not orderly at all.” Agent Smith stated that she noticed that a vent had been pulled away from the wall and found a gun lying on the floor. Agent Smith testified that she also found several pieces of jewelry, including a watch, an earring and an earring back. The parties stipulated that no blood was found on either the earring or the earring back. Agent Smith testified that she went upstairs and found “a number of weapons on the floor.” The parties stipulated that Mark Squibb, with the Tennessee Crime Laboratory, found that the reddish-brown stains found at the crime scene were human blood. The parties also stipulated that Boyd Gene Phillips, a Latent Fingerprint Examiner with the TBI Forensic Service Division, found no readable fingerprints on the gun or at the crime scene other than the fingerprints of the victim. Additionally, the parties stipulated that Robert Royce, a firearms examiner with TBI, analyzed the spent bullet found at the crime scene and found that it came from the gun belonging to Harry Smith that was found at the crime scene. Brittany Smith testified at trial that her parents were the victim and Denice Smith and that she had one brother, Joshua Smith. Brittany Smith testified that, at the time of trial, she was fourteen and her brother was twelve. At the time of her father’s murder, Brittany Smith was ten and her brother was eight. Brittany Smith testified that, before the murder, her parents were going through a divorce and that, at that time, she and her brother lived with her mother at Camp Acres. She explained that her father, the victim, lived up the hill from her mother’s house with his parents. Brittany Smith stated that when her mother found out that “[her] dad had custody, we left town” with Joshua and her mother’s father, Don Graham. Brittany Smith testified that they left town in two vehicles, her mother’s Mitsubishi Montero and her grandfather’s Chevrolet truck. Brittany Smith -5- stated that, before they left town, they went to her mother’s workplace to get her mother’s paycheck, and then “we went to the bank, and I guess she got her check cashed, and then we went to Newport to her attorney’s office, and then we left town.” Brittany Smith testified that, upon leaving town, they went to Miami, Florida, driving “straight through.” Brittany Smith testified that once in Miami they met her “Aunt Debbie,” who was Deborah Graham, and “some other people” at “a little like bar stand behind the Golden Nugget.” Brittany Smith testified that “[Deborah Graham], my grandfather, Don [Graham], my mom, two people named George, and Alex” were present at the meeting. She described “Alex” as “tall . . . real slender. He shaved his head, he had small glasses, dark skin, a beard and a mustache, tattoos.” She described the tattoos as “a eagle and a dragon.” Brittany Smith then identified “Alex” as the Defendant. Brittany Smith testified that Deborah Graham took her and her brother to the beach while the others stayed behind and talked. She stated that, later, they went to their motel, “The Driftwood,” and “unpacked, and stayed there.” Brittany Smith testified that she, Don Graham, her mother and little brother, stayed in room number 321 at the motel. Brittany Smith testified that, the day after they arrived, her mother rented a white car from a dealership and Deborah Graham, the Defendant and “both of the Georges” left in the car. Brittany Smith testified that two or three days later, late at night, Deborah Graham, the Defendant and “one of the Georges” came back to the motel. She testified that she was supposed to be asleep on the floor, but she was not and overheard the conversation in the motel room. She stated that she heard Deborah Graham tell her mother and Don Graham “that they hurt someone bad, and I heard [the Defendant] say, ‘no, we’ve killed someone,’ and my mom said, ‘yeah, and it was easy, too.’” Brittany Smith testified that, right before the Defendant left on the trip, he had handcuffs in his back pocket, which she could identify because she could see the “bottom part of the chain hanging out over the pocket.” Brittany Smith stated that, when the Defendant returned that evening, the Defendant did not have the handcuffs with him. Brittany Smith stated that, when Deborah Graham returned, she was wearing “my mamaw’s [Cleta Smith’s] pink ice ring” and that the Defendant had “my papaw’s [Harry Smith’s] gold nugget watch, and my dad’s Swiss Army knife.” Brittany Smith testified that, one or two days after she overheard the conversation, she left with her mother, Don Graham and her brother, Joshua, to go to Michigan to her “Aunt Marion’s” house. She explained that “Aunt Marion” was the wife of Don Graham’s brother. Brittany Smith stated that once they arrived at “Aunt Marion’s” house, she learned that her father had been killed at Harry Smith’s home. Brittany Smith testified that they stayed in Michigan until “Aunt Marion” brought her and her brother back to Tennessee. Brittany Smith testified that she was only in Michigan for “one and a half to two days” before her aunt brought her back to Tennessee. On cross-examination, Brittany Smith testified that the lights were off when she heard the conversation about the “killing.” Brittany Smith stated that, when they left the Driftwood motel, they stored some boxes at a “storage place” to keep them from being in the back of Don Graham’s truck. -6- The parties stipulated that Alamo Car Rental records showed that Denice Smith leased a white Buick Regal with Florida license tag number UVN79B on July 21, 1997. The car was returned on July 28, 1997, and it had accumulated 2,476 miles. Vernon Brown testified that he and his wife owned a lot in Camp Acres and that they were living in a motor home on that lot during the summer of 1997. He testified that, on July 23, 1997, he saw two people sitting near a car, one of them a woman with blonde hair. Brown testified that, a short time later, he saw a man knocking on Harry Smith’s house, where the victim lived. Brown testified that, while he did not get a good look at the man, he looked like he had a slender build and black hair. Brown also testified that there was a white car parked nearby that caught his attention because he did not think it was supposed to be there. After returning to his motor home a few minutes before 5:00 p.m., Brown heard three gunshots, but did not think it was that unusual because there are many hunters in the area. Brown testified that shortly after 5:00 p.m. he heard a car “leaving in a hurry, like a speeding car.” Brown then recognized a picture of tire marks where someone apparently left in a “hurry.” On cross examination, Brown testified that he told the TBI agents that the man he saw knocking on the door was “skinny, white male with long hair, wearing a ball cap.” Ed Pulley, a state trooper with the Tennessee Highway Patrol, testified that he was working on July 23, 1997, and he issued a citation to “David Antonio Rivera” for speeding. Trooper Pulley testified that he “clocked” the white four door 1996 Buick traveling south on 1-75 near mile marker 46 at eighty miles per hour. He explained that the car had Florida license tag number UVN79B, and riding in the car were a male driver, who produced his drivers’ license, and a woman in the front seat. Trooper Pulley testified that, after stopping the car, he would have checked the drivers’ license of the person driving the vehicle to ensure that the picture matched the driver presenting the license, but could not identify the Defendant in court. The trooper testified that the address listed on the license was “2560 Northwest 67th Street, Miami, Florida, 33147,” and the drivers’ license number was “R160161591390.” Ronald Raccioppi, who was an officer with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, testified that he traced the license tag number given to him by police officials in Cocke County, which they believed was related to a suspect named “Alex,” and it came back to a rental car registered to LaShawn Taylor. Officer Raccioppi testified that he obtained Taylor’s address, 6750 Northwest 67th Street, from the rental car agency, and he began surveillance of that location. He stated that, when the officers stopped Taylor’s vehicle, it was occupied by Taylor, who was driving, and by a man who produced identification that stated that his name was “David Rivera.” Officer Raccioppi later identified “David Rivera” as the Defendant. The officer asked the Defendant if his name was “Alex” and he said “no.” The officer then identified a copy of the drivers’ license showing the name “David Antonio Rivera” and the address as 6750 Northwest 67th Street. Officer Raccioppi testified that the Defendant then voluntarily went with them to the police station to discuss a “homicide in Tennessee.” The officer testified that he read the Defendant his rights, and that the Defendant waived those rights. Officer Raccioppi testified that, at the police -7- station, he noticed visible tattoos on the Defendant, one of which was “an eagle on the rising sun” on the upper left shoulder and the other was a “tattoo of a tiger” on the backside of the same arm. Officer Raccioppi testified that the Defendant refused to show the rest of his tattoos. The officer testified that during the interview the Defendant stated that he met Deborah Graham in New York about five years ago, but had not spoken with her for three years until she contacted him “about a month and a half ago” after speaking with a mutual friend “Alex Rios.” Officer Raccioppi testified that the Defendant stated that he did not have a cell phone number for Deborah Graham, but that she would call his beeper. The officer testified that the Defendant stated that Deborah Graham stayed at “the Golden Strand and the Fountain Head motels” while in Florida. Officer Raccioppi testified that the Defendant told him that Deborah Graham never stayed at the Driftwood motel, but that George Penta, with whom Deborah Graham was intimate, stayed at that motel. The officer reported that the Defendant stated that he “wasn’t allowed [at the Driftwood motel].” Officer Raccioppi testified that the Defendant told him that he went to Tennessee about three weeks ago with another man when he was driving to Michigan. The officer testified that the Defendant told him that he was traveling in a white rental car and that he did not want to say who rented it. Officer Raccioppi stated that the Defendant told him that the vehicle was rented from “Value Rental” in “Fort Lauderdale.” The officer testified that the Defendant denied ever meeting anyone in Deborah Graham’s family, including her father, sister, or niece and nephew. The officer testified that when he asked the Defendant, “who is Alex?” he responded, “Alex Rios, a friend of ours from New York.” Officer Raccioppi stated that, later in the interview, the Defendant said, “Look, I told you my name is Al – David.” Officer Raccioppi testified that after he told the Defendant the evidence they had in the case, including the fact that they had the white car, the Defendant “changed his story.” The officer testified that the Defendant stated, “I plead the Fifth to driving a white car” and admitted that he drove with Deborah Graham to Michigan and that he was not with another male. Officer Raccioppi stated that the Defendant stated that Deborah Graham had a job interview in Michigan, but he could not remember the name of the city where the two went. The officer testified that the Defendant stated that “we stayed with a friend named Gilda Hart, a black woman . . . who lives in a red brick house.” Officer Raccioppi stated that he then questioned why, if the Defendant and Deborah Graham went to Michigan, were there only 2400 or 2800 miles on the car, and the Defendant responded, “that’s a lot of miles. Go ahead and check; you’ll see it’s enough to get there and back, and more.” The officer testified that, at the end of his conversation with the Defendant, the Defendant said that he would contact Deborah Graham and get her to talk to the police, and, thereafter, the officer drove him to Taylor’s place of work. Officer Raccioppi testified that later that same day the Defendant paged him, and when the officer called him back the Defendant told him the location of Deborah Graham’s interview in Detroit, Michigan, and gave the officer the street on which Gilda Hart lived. The officer testified that he was unable to contact the Defendant again. -8- Officer Raccioppi also testified that the post office from where the package containing drugs was sent to the victim was located 300 yards from the Defendant’s home. The officer also testified that the number on the drivers’ license produced by the Defendant matched the drivers’ license number that was listed on the citation issued by the Tennessee State Highway Patrol. On cross-examination, Officer Raccioppi testified that he knew that the witnesses at the scene reported that there was a white male knocking on the door of the victim’s home before they heard a gunshot. The officer testified that the investigation revealed that the Defendant’s brother was “David Rivera.” Officer Raccioppi stated that during the course of the investigation it was discovered that there was a storage unit in the name of “David Rivera,” to which a person named “Debbie Giovi” had access. The officer stated that, in the storage unit, the officers found “boxes of toys, furniture, [and] photos.” The State then entered a copy of the record of the Driftwood Resort Motel from July 18, 1997, to July 23, 1997, for room number 321 showing that it was rented to Don Jones. Harold David Hutchinson, a criminal investigator with the District Attorney’s Office, testified that he was involved in the investigation of the victim’s murder. He testified that he was unable to confirm that Deborah Graham had an interview at Fox Studios in Detroit. Hutchinson stated that he attempted to find Gilda Hart, who allegedly lived on West Grant Avenue in Detroit, but he was unable to find her. Hutchinson testified that the mileage for a round trip from Miami, Florida to Detroit, Michigan and back was 2,788 miles. He stated that the milage from a round trip from Miami, Florida to the Cosby, Tennessee was 1,882 miles, and the mileage from Camp Acres to mile marker number 46 was 112 miles. On cross-examination, the investigator testified that he cleared Harry David Hodge as a suspect because the investigator was unable to place him in Tennessee at the time of the murder. LaShawn Taylor, the mother of the Defendant’s son and long-time girlfriend, testified that she was introduced to Deborah Graham by the Defendant. Taylor testified that the Defendant and Deborah Graham left town together, and it was her understanding that they drove to Michigan for a job interview. Taylor stated that, after they left, she received a phone call from the Defendant, and he said they were in Tennessee helping Deborah Graham’s sister move out of her house. Taylor testified that the two were gone for three days or more after which the Defendant came back to her home. Taylor testified that, later, Deborah Graham came to the home driving a white car, and the Defendant told her to “get the car out of here” or “get in the car and get out of here,” and she left. Taylor testified that she saw Deborah Graham again when she came to Taylor’s house to spend the night “because she didn’t have anywhere else to sleep.” Taylor stated she remembered that one night the Defendant and Deborah Graham were talking and that, every time Taylor entered the room, the talking would stop. Taylor testified that one day she took Deborah Graham to the airport, and Deborah Graham said she was going to New York. Taylor also testified that, on the day that she and the Defendant were stopped by the police, the Defendant produced false identification in the name of “David Rivera.” Taylor stated that, after -9- the Defendant was with the police, he came to her work and got her car and then, at the end of her work day, the Defendant picked her up and took her to her mother’s house. Taylor testified that the Defendant left her at her mother’s house and said he would be “right back,” but he never returned. The next time she saw the Defendant was the day of trial, but she had spoken with him and told him the police were looking for him. Taylor testified that she and the Defendant went to a pawn shop “on 79th Street.” She said that, at the pawn shop, the Defendant retrieved some items of jewelry that were pawned. One piece that he retrieved was a “Noah’s Ark bracelet.” On cross-examination, Taylor testified that she was jealous of Deborah Graham’s relationship with the Defendant and that she suspected that they were having an affair. She also testified that the Defendant never told her that he was involved in any murder and that he was worried that because of his race the police in Tennessee would not believe his story. Robert Cecil Latta, Sr., who was employed by the Cash In Pawn Shop in July of 1997, testified that his records showed that on July 24, 1997, “David Antonio Rivera” pawned an Elgin non-gold pocket watch, a 10 karat Noah’s Ark bracelet, two women’s free form rings, and a Nikon camera, Model ZT400. Latta testified that his records indicated that on August 7, 1997, “David Rivera” retrieved the items that he pawned. Latta produced from his records a photocopy of the state issued I.D. of “David Rivera.” Martin Kevin Giovi testified that he used to be Deborah Graham’s boyfriend in 1994 and that, during their relationship, Deborah Graham mentioned that her sister, Denice Smith, was having marital problems because her sister’s husband was abusing the kids. Giovi testified that Deborah Graham requested that he “go down there and kill him” on three or four occasions. Giovi testified that he went to jail and, upon his release in 1997, he and Deborah Graham began living together again in New York. Giovi stated that Deborah Graham told him that she was involved in the victim’s murder. Giovi testified that, when the police came to arrest Deborah Graham, he gave Detective Paul Dotzler a bag of jewelry that Deborah Graham had given to him. On cross- examination, Giovi admitted that he had multiple criminal convictions. Paul Dotzler, a detective with the Port Authority Police Department in New York/New Jersey, testified that he assisted Miami officers in locating and arresting Deborah Graham. He testified that Deborah Graham left a piece of luggage at the airport and that, from the luggage, they learned of her current New York address. The detective testified that when Deborah Graham was arrested at her New York address Giovi gave the detective a bag of jewelry that he said Deborah Graham had hidden in his house. Cleta Mae Smith, the victim’s mother, testified that, when she returned to the house after her son was murdered, she found that every drawer was taken out and “everything was [thrown] everywhere.” The State then showed her the bag of jewelry that Giovi gave to Detective Dotzler, and Cleta Mae Smith identified it as all hers and that, much of it, she made herself. Further, Cleta Mae Smith testified that, after the murder, she noticed that she was missing her “Noah’s Ark” bracelet, a Nikon camera, and a “big pink ice ring.” -10-