S Montana* Solid and 363«7285Hazardous Waste H2misw Bureau i.Hitaa'iil 1994 State of Montana integrated solid waste management -P^ -Zl MONTANA STATE OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN June 1994 Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau Solid Waste Program P.O. Box 200901 Cogswell Building Helena, Montana 59620-0901 SEP 16 1998 SEP 20 1999 MONTANASTATELIBRARY H2misw1994c,l munamtegraledsolidwaste liilllPliii 3 0864 00090531 8 STATE OF MONTANA PROPOSED FINAL INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Sr;.7E DCSUMITNTS COLLECTIOn SEP 2^ 1334 MONTArM STATE LIBRARY 1515 E. 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59S20 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from IVIontana State Library http://www.archive.org/details/stateofmontanain1994mont PROPOSED FINAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN * * June 1, 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 KEY TO ACRONYMS 7 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I. 8 CONTENT AND PURPOSE OF THE PLAN 8 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 10 Federal Government 11 The Montana State Legislature 11 State Government 11 Local Government 12 Tribal Government 12 The Private Sector 13 Citizens 14 HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT 14 A VISION FOR MONTANA 15 PART I WHERE WE ARE NOW 16 CHAPTER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MONTANA 2. 17 HISTORY 17 CURRENT CONDITIONS 20 Waste Composition 21 Disposal Facility Data 22 Source Reduction and Reuse 23 Recycling and Composting 23 Incineration 24 CHAPTER 3. RESPONDING TO 40 CFR PART 258 (SUBTITLE D REGULATIONS) 26 SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS 26 Location Criteria 27 Operation Criteria 27 Design Criteria 28 Ground Water Monitoring 29 Closure and Post-closure Care 30 Financial Assurance 30 PROPOSED FINAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN * * June 1, 1994 Small Landfill Exemption 31 PROGRAM APPROVAL 32 QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION 32 RECOMMENDATIONS 34 CHAPTER LANDFILL CAPACITY AND REGIONALIZATION 4. 36 CURRENT LANDFILL CAPACITY 36 FUTURE CAPACITY NEEDS 37 Solid Waste Importation Into Montana 38 REGIONALIZATION 38 Environmental Issues 39 Economic Issues 40 Barriers to Capacity Assurance and Regionalization 40 RECOMMENDATIONS 40 PART II WHERE WE ARE GOING 42 CHAPTER INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT 5. 43 WHAT IS INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WHY THESE GOALS? 43 THE 25% WASTE REDUCTION GOAL 44 THE PUBLIC EDUCATION GOAL 45 RECOMMENDATIONS 45 CHAPTER SOURCE REDUCTION 6. 51 WHAT SOURCE REDUCTION IS 51 Environmental Issues 52 Economic Issues 52 Barriers to Source Reduction 53 RECOMMENDATIONS 53 CHAPTER REUSE 7. 56 WHAT IS REUSE 56 Environmental Issues 56 Economic Issues 57 Barriers to Reuse " 57 RECOMMENDATIONS 57 CHAPTER RECYCLING 8. 62 WHAT RECYCLING IS 62 PROPOSED FINAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN * * June 1, 1994 Collection 63 Processing and Transportation 64 Remanut'acture 64 Purchasing 65 Environmental Issues 65 Economic Issues 66 Barriers to Recycling 66 RECOMMENDATIONS 67 CHAPTER COMPOSTING 9. 72 WHAT IS COMPOSTING 72 Environmental Issues 74 • Economic Issues 75 Barriers to Composting 75 RECOMMENDATIONS 76 CHAPTER LANDFILLING 10. 79 WHAT LANDFILLING 79 IS Environmental Issues 80 Economic Issues 81 LANDFILL OPERATOR TRAINING 81 RECOMMENDATIONS 82 CHAPTER INCINERATION 11. 85 WHAT IS INCINERATION 85 Environmental Issues 86 Economic Issues 87 RECOMMENDATIONS 87 CHAPTER 12. SPECIAL WASTES 90 HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTES AND CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS 90 BATTERIES 96 USED OIL 97 WASTE TIRES 100 WHITE GOODS 103 INFECTIOUS WASTE 105 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES 107 CONTAMINATED SOILS 109 ASBESTOS Ill PROPOSED FINAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN * * June 1, 1994 CHAPTER INDUSTRIAL WASTES 13. 115 WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE 115 RECOMMENDATIONS 116 CHAPTER PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED 14. SYSTEMS 119 LOCAL GOVERNMENT FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING AN INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 119 MODEL INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 121 For Towns and Rural Communities 121 For Small Cities 122 For Mid-sized Cities 122 For Large Cities 122 CHAPTER SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND 15. TIMELINES FOR ACTION 123 CHAPTER COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT PLAN 16. 134 APPENDICES APPENDIX A THE INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT APPENDIX B PUBLIC COMMENT ON INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT FROM SCOPING MEETINGS APPENDIX C EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT APPENDIX D MONTANA INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT RESOURCES APPENDIX E REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT RESOURCES APPENDIX F WASTE GENERATION AND COMPOSITION IN MONTANA APPENDIX G SUMMARY OF NEW INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION PROPOSED FINAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN * * June 1, 1994 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences (MDHES) would like to acknowledge the guidance and invaluable assistance of the Solid Waste Plan Advisory Committee (SWPAC). Members of the committee represented local government officials, citizens, solid waste and recycling industries, environmental organizations, and others involved in the management of solid waste. SWPAC members worked with MDHES project leader, Christine Kaufmann, to define goals, develop recommendations, and review preliminary drafts of the document. Man\ members of the staff of the Solid Waste Management Program of the MDHES also contributed to the plan. SWPAC: Participants in the Neil Bolton Blue Ridge Services Jim Brock Pacitlc Steel and Recycling Steve Carroll Montana Public Interest Research Group Bruce Clabaugh Waste Management, Inc. Barry Damschen Damsclien and Associates .lim Flisrand City of Billings Bob Johnson Lewis and Clark County Health Department Jim Leiter Browning Ferris Industries Peggy Likens Keep Montana Clean and Beautiful Jenny Martin Bozeman Recycling Coalition Shannon McNew Missoula City-County Health Department Brian McNitt Montana Environmental Information Center Tina Naugle Trash in Transit Recycling. Inc. of Ennis Dave Pruitt Montana Association of Counties/Gallatin County John Ray Butte-Silver Bow Recycling Committee Doug Stewart Montana RecycleNow Paul Sihler Environmental Quality Council Bryl Thompson Seeley Lake Solid Waste Management District Erl Tufte City of Great Falls Tony Tweedale Recycle Missoula John Van Norman Admiral Beverage MSU Michael P. Vogel Extension Service Wilber Wood Alternative Energy Resources Organization/Northern Plains Resources Council The Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences would also like to acknowledge the participation of the citizens of Montana through their input at public meetings and written communication. Public comments helped identify the scope of the plan and provided recommendations for consideration by the SWPAC. Public scoping meetings PROPOSED FINAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN * * June 1, 1994 were held in the following communities: Billings. Bozeman, Butte, Dillon, Glasgow, Glendive, Great Falls, Havre, Helena, Kalispell, Lewistown, Malta. Missoula, Miles City, and Sidney. A public scoping meeting was also held in Billings with the Indian Health Service. A summary of the public scoping comments is found in Appendix B. KEY TO ACRONYMS BACT Best Available Control Technology Btu British thermal unit C/D Construction and/or Demolition debris CESQG Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator (of hazardous waste) CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons CFR Code of Federal Regulations DIYs Do-It-Yourselfers (Those who change their own motor oil) EPA (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency EQC (Montana) Environmental Quality Council HHW Household Hazardous Waste IWMA Integrated Waste Management Act MACo Montana Association of Counties MCA Montana Code Annotated MDHES Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences MRF Materials Recovery Facility MSU Montana State University MSW Municipal Solid Waste MSWLFs Municipal Solid Waste Landfills OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PCBs Polychlorinated Biphenyls RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act SHWB Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau SIC Standard Industrial Code SWM Solid Waste Management (Program) SWMA Solid Waste Management Act SWPAC Solid Waste Plan Advisory Committee tpd Tons per day TSDF Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds