Chapter 3 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines In This Chapter • What are WSDOT Aviation’s safety directives? • What are pre-activity worker safety plan/hazard assessments? • How to operate safely in an on-airport environment. • How and when to issue a NOTAM. • How to respond to an emergency situation. • What is appropriate security on the airports? It is a fundamental goal of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Aviation Division (WSDOT Aviation) that all maintenance activities, capital construction projects, and airport security measures within the state- managed airport system are conducted with the highest level of safety consistent with WSDOT-published safety directives. This chapter contains applicable safety and security guidelines for the state-managed airports. WSDOT Aviation’s General Safety Plan is referred to as a living plan in that it has been designed to be updated on a continuing basis as WSDOT Aviation activities and safety requirements evolve. Input from airport maintenance and  construction personnel, volunteers, and pilots is critical to ensure the continued success of WSDOT Aviation’s Airport Safety and Security Program. Section Contents Section Page 3.1 What Are the WSDOT Aviation Safety Directives 3-2 3.2 What is a Pre-Activity Worker Safety Plan/Hazard Assessment 3-3 3.3 What Are the Guidelines for Conducting Safe On-Airport 3-6 Maintenance Activities and Construction Projects 3.4 What Are the General On-Airport Activity BMP Guidelines 3-11 3.5 What Are the Procedures for Issuing a NOTAM 3-14 3.6 What is Airport Emergency Response 3-18 3.7 What Are State Airport Security Plans 3-24 3.8 What Are Communication/Mutual Aid Agreements 3-30 3.9 Chapter References and Supporting Documentation 3-31 WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 Page 3-1 February 2011 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Chapter 3 Key Section Dates Make Sure • Check that the sections Information is only as good as its current relevance. Therefore, it is important are current! that the information contained within this chapter be updated on a regular basis • Do they need to be updated? to ensure that it remains appropriate to current conditions. The following table presents the dates that each section was formally adopted by WSDOT Aviation, as well as the scheduled date for the next internal review of each section to ensure its currency. Current Scheduled Section Date Review Date 3.1 What Are the WSDOT Aviation Safety Directives 7/1/2010 6/1/11 3.2 What is a Pre-Activity Worker Safety Plan/Hazard 7/1/2010 6/1/11 Assessment 3.3 What Are the Guidelines for Conducting Safe 7/1/2010 6/1/11 On-Airport Maintenance Activities and Construction Projects 3.4 What Are the General On-Airport Activity BMP 7/1/2010 6/1/11 Guidelines 3.5 What Are the Procedures for Issuing a NOTAM 7/1/2010 6/1/11 3.6 What is Airport Emergency Response 7/1/2010 6/1/11 3.7 What Are State Airport Security Plans 7/1/2010 6/1/11 3.8 What Are Communication/Mutual Aid Agreements 7/1/2010 6/1/11 3.9 Chapter References and Supporting Documentation NA 3.1 What Are the WSDOT Aviation Safety Directives Providing all airport-related personnel (including WSDOT Aviation employees, maintenance crews, contractors, subcontractors, and volunteers) with a safe working environment is WSDOT Aviation’s highest priority. To ensure that this  commitment is met, it is standard policy for WSDOT to provide appropriate training and guidance about working in a safety conscious manner. With respect  to this, WSDOT has established and maintains the WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual M 75-01 to formally document procedures and guidelines for promoting worker safety. Consistent with the Transportation’s Secretary’s Executive Order E 1033.00, the WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual is written with this commitment to safety in mind. This publication is primarily intended for all employment levels within WSDOT, and provides guidance outlining responsibilities and procedures to ensure workplace safety.  In compliance with the requirements of the WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual and E 1033.01, WSDOT Aviation has also established its own Aviation Division’s General Safety Plan that provides safety guidance for general WSDOT Aviation activities. Page 3-2 WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 February 2011 Chapter 3 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines The primary components of the Aviation Division’s General Safety Plan are listed below and in the Chapter References and Supporting Documentation tables at the end of this chapter. They can be obtained individually through the identified links. Important The primary components of the Aviation Division’s General Safety Plan include the following: • Aviation Division Hazard Assessment Checklist – State Airports • Aviation Division Pre-Activity Safety Plan – State Airports • Aviation Division Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual All are located on the WSDOT Aviation Safety website. 3.2 What Safety Guidelines and Plans Does WSDOT Provide for Airport Workers and Volunteers To ensure its commitment of creating a safe working environment is fulfilled,  WSDOT provides general safety training procedures and guidance through its WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual. To specifically address aviation-related safety issues, WSDOT Aviation has also  established two additional safety plans: •  Aviation Division General Safety Plan •  Aviation Division General Airport Safety Plan Aviation Division General Safety Plan The primary components of this General Aviation Safety Plan are the: •  Pre-Activity Safety Plan (PASP) •  General Hazard Assessment Checklist •  Associated specific safety plans (i.e., safety plans for a specific activity) The safety guidance provided in the General Safety Plan is largely general Make Sure in nature and is currently broken down into three primary activity categories:  • Complete the required office activities, driving activities, and field activities (including activities  safety checklists! on-airport). This plan is a living document in that it has been designed to be updated on a continuing basis as WSDOT Aviation activities and associated safety requirements evolve. These documents are available within the WSDOT Aviation office and are  maintained by the WSDOT Aviation safety officer. They must be used by  anyone working on a WSDOT Aviation-related project.  Aviation Division General Airport Safety Plan The General Airport Safety Plan (see Supporting Documents and Resources section) supplements the General Safety Plan to address airport specific safety  issues. WSDOT is currently in the process of establishing safety plans that are WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 Page 3-3 February 2011 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Chapter 3 specific to each of the state-managed airports. Once completed, these safety  plans should be used by WSDOT employees, maintenance crews, contractors, subcontractors, and volunteers who perform any type of maintenance or improvement work at the state-managed airports. Since each of the state-operated  airports offers its own unique and sometimes challenging working environments,  these plans are necessary to provide additional direction and guidance to promote safety. The airport-specific safety plans will also include pre-activity safety plans, hazard  assessment checklists, and any associated specific safety plans. They will also be  maintained by the WSDOT safety officer in the WSDOT Aviation office and must  be used by anyone working on a WSDOT project or conducting activities at a  state-managed airport. Pre-Activity Safety Planning Through Hazard Assessments It is critical that anyone working at a state-managed airport is aware of potential  hazards that could compromise safety. Prior to conducting any new maintenance  activity or construction project on state-managed airports, individuals must complete a site-specific hazard assessment. This tool will allow workers to  identify and mitigate potential hazards through use of controls listed within the  PASP. The following tables describe the actions that must be taken by all parties.  (Note: The supervisor-in-charge is defined as the person directly responsible for  the activity. This person will frequently be the Airport Manager.) Airport Manager Responsibilities 1 Ensure that prior to any new activity, supervisors and work crews conduct an airport hazard assessment through use of a PASO consistent with all worker safety directives listed in the WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual. 2 Provide airport specific guidance and information on airport hazard assessments and pre-activity safety planning. 3 Issue Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) as necessary or initiate Aviation Division airport web page safety updates. 4 Develop a review/update schedule consistent with established state practices that will allow for routine updates for each section. 5 Establish a regular review and update schedule for manual checklists, forms, and logs as required. 6 Establish a user web base for records, checklists, forms, and logs. Page 3-4 WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 February 2011 Chapter 3 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Supervisor-in-Charge Responsibilities 1 Obtain a PASP from the Airport Manager prior to conducting that activity. 2 Ensure that a Hazard Assessment Checklist is completed and an activity specific safety briefing is conducted. 3 Ensure that all participants initial and date the hazard assessment checklist. 4 Coordinate with the Airport Manager as necessary to ensure work crews understand and adhere to airport specific safety instructions consistent with all worker safety directives listed in the WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual. 5 For any potential hazards as identified by the checklist, the Supervisor-in-Charge shall consult the airport’s PASP hazard controls section to appropriately mitigate identified concerns. 6 If the Supervisor-in-Charge of the activity cannot locate an applicable safety plan to mitigate an identified hazard for the given activity and/or airport in the aforementioned sources, the supervisor shall consult the following sources for additional specific guidance: • Site-specific Safety Officer (Note: This could be the Airport Manager) • WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual • WSDOT Region Safety Officer • Director of Aviation 7 If the Supervisor-in-Charge of the activity is presented with new or updated safety guidance, the supervisor shall provide that guidance to the WSDOT Aviation Airport Manager for inclusion in the WSDOT Airports PASP and Hazard Assessment checklists. 8 The Supervisor-in-Charge shall ensure that all identified hazards are addressed using a PASP and additional resources as needed to mitigate the concern. Volunteer Responsibilities 1 Participate in and comply with activity specific airport hazards assessments through pre-activity safety planning as directed by the airport manager or onsite supervisor. 2 Obtain and wear all personal protective equipment applicable to the activity specific requirements as provided by the airport manager. 3 Read and sign the Adopt-An-Airport agreement and sign in on the activity specific participation roster. The primary components of the Aviation Division’s General Safety Plan are listed in the Supporting Documentation table at the end of this chapter and can be obtained individually through the identified links. WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 Page 3-5 February 2011 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Chapter 3 3.3 What Are the Guidelines for Conducting Safe On- Airport Maintenance Activities and Construction Projects This section provides specific  safety guidelines when conducting selected maintenance or construction activities at the state-managed airports. WSDOT Aviation has overall responsibility for any maintenance and construction activities at the state-managed airports. Therefore, it is important that contractors, construction and maintenance crews, and volunteers understand and comply with these general safety guidelines. These guidelines do not supersede any of the guidance provided in Section 3.1, Pre-Activity Worker Safety Plan/Hazard Assessment. In fact, many of the  guidelines within this section may be included in the airport-specific safety  plans described in that section. Rather, the guidelines within this section should be viewed as supplemental in that they are specifically related to an airport  environment. General Safety Guidelines The following table lists general safety guidelines set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In conjunction with WSDOT’s safety guidelines, these requirements serve as a basis for standard operating practices. General Safety Operating Practices 1 Airport runways closures should be limited as much as possible. 2 Aircraft use near construction activity should be controlled to minimize disturbance of maintenance or construction operation. 3 Any airport personnel accessing areas of hazardous activities/materials shall receive appropriate safety training. 4 Maintenance and construction within a designated airport safety area should be performed when the runway is closed or restricted with prior permission from the Airport Manager. 5 The Airport Manager has the authority to suspend operations in order to move personnel, equipment, and materials (to ensure safe operations at the airport). 6 The Airport Manager shall have the authority for determining the issuance of a Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs). Page 3-6 WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 February 2011 Chapter 3 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Safety Clothing and Protective Devices WSDOT Aviation employees and contractors are responsible for wearing all personal protective equipment (PPE) as detailed in  the most current WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual, Chapter 5, necessary for the specific type of work being  conducted. Unless otherwise  stipulated by an individual airport project contract or safety plan, contractors are responsible for furnishing and using their own PPE.  Special selective PPE may occasionally be necessary to fit the specific  Look For airport project needs. Additional activity specific safety plan/s may be necessary  • Applicable quick links in to identify selective PPE.  the references table at the end of this chapter. Airport Manager Responsibilities 1 Ensure all airport personnel utilize necessary PPE consistent with directives listed in the WSDOT Safety Procedures and Guidelines Manual. 2 Ensure all airport personnel read, understand, and utilize all necessary airport and activity site-specific PPE. Supervisor-in-Charge Responsibilities 1 Ensure compliance with airport specific safety requirement as directed by airport manager. 2 Ensure work crews have and utilize all applicable and necessary PPE identified on site-specific hazard assessments. Employee Responsibilities 1 Use all prescribed PPE at all times when performing maintenance activities at state airports as needed and identified by the site-specific hazard assessment checklist. 2 Comply with all safety instructions provided by the Airport Manager and Supervisor/s. WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 Page 3-7 February 2011 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Chapter 3 Volunteer Responsibilities 1 Volunteers participating in limited minor airport maintenance activities shall be provided with and use all necessary PPE applicable to the specific maintenance activity being conducted with the exception of safety boots. 2 Use all prescribed PPE at all times when performing maintenance activities at state-managed airports. 3 Comply with all safety instructions provided by the Airport Manager. 4 Typical volunteer PPE includes: • Orange Safety Vest • Safety Goggles or Glasses • Gloves • Hearing Protection General State Vehicle Operation Guidelines All state vehicles used in conjunction with or support of state airport maintenance activities and capital construction projects shall comply with all instructions and rules listed in the WSDOT Fleet and Vehicle Operations Adopted Rules and Procedures Memorandums, WSDOT Vehicle Operator’s Handbook M 3032.04, WSDOT Use of State Provided Motor Vehicles M 53-50.02, and  other applicable directives. General Vehicle Operations State Airport Rules All airport personnel conducting airport maintenance or construction projects shall operate vehicles and equipment on state  airport property in accordance with the all federal, state, and local laws, applicable contract provisions, and the additional state airport rules in the following table. Look For State Airport Rules for Vehicle Operations • Applicable quick links in the references table at 1 All vehicles shall yield right of way to aircraft in motion and emergency vehicles. the end of this chapter. 2 No vehicle except ground service and emergency vehicles shall approach too close to any aircraft with running engine(s) as to create a hazard. 3 All vehicles entering or exiting an operating airport access gate shall wait for or close the gate completely behind them before proceeding to their destination so as to not allow the entry of any other vehicle. Page 3-8 WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 February 2011 Chapter 3 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines 4 Vehicles or equipment working within the airport operations areas to include are required to display a rotating amber beacon, or flashing lights and the standard 36″ square orange and white checkered safety flag, as per FAA AC 150/5210-5C, Painting, Marking, and Lighting of Vehicles Used on and Airports. 5 All vehicles authorized to operate on taxiways or the runways are required to have and use either (1) an operable aviation, two-way radio (transceiver) with them at all times in order to monitor the published Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF), or (2) have a second person on site dedicated to spotting potential aircraft operations. 6 All vehicle operators shall coordinate through the onsite safety manager or supervisor to contact the airport manager to determine if work activities on or near the airport require publication of a Notices to Airmen (NOTAM). See NOTAM section for criteria for placing a NOTAM. 7 Parked vehicles must be moved off the runway, where they present the least possible traffic hazard. Vehicles parked overnight must be located as far from the runway as practicable. Vehicles shall not be parked overnight within a runway safety area. 8 When operating vehicles or equipment on runway and aircraft are attempting to land, pull completely off of the runway (or to the extreme side of the runway at a minimum) and give the aircraft the right of way. 9 If work activities are to occur on the runway itself, a NOTAM shall be issued (see Section). If the work is to be short-term, two days advance notice is adequate. If the runway will be disrupted or closed for a period of time, a minimum of two weeks notice should be given. State Airport Radio Communications The Airport Manager shall provide the appropriate training necessary to ensure that any contractors and related construction crews observe the appropriate radio communication and proper communication techniques. If available, a  portable aviation two-way radio shall be used at all state-managed airports, to communicate ground vehicle and aircraft movements on a CTAF. Typically, state maintenance crews are not supplied with two-way radios or airport specific radio communication standards training. The airport manager, if present  during maintenance activities, shall obtain and utilize a two-way radio in addition  to determining necessary airport closures or additional notices such as publishing Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs). State Airport Electrical Equipment and Wiring All electrical equipment and wiring shall conform to the latest version of the  WSDOT Standard Specifications for Road Bridge and Municipal Construction M 41-10, Chapter 8-20, Illumination, Traffic Signal Systems, NFPA 70: National  Electrical Code, and Washington State Department of Labor and Industries (L&I)  rules pertaining to electrical installations or applicable FAA standards. All new electrical service, repairs, or modifications shall be inspected an approved by L&I. WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 Page 3-9 February 2011 Airport Safety and Security Guidelines Chapter 3 State Airport Fencing and Gates The Airport Manager shall ensure that maintenance activities and contract projects maintain clearly identified work zones whenever  possible. (Per construction standards set out by FAA AC 150/5370-2E, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction.) Temporary construction fencing can be utilized to limit access  to people and animals, especially during non-working hours. All state-managed airport gates shall remain closed and locked at all times  or immediately after entering or leaving the airport to ensure no unauthorized  access occurs. All state-managed airport access requests shall be reviewed and  approved by the Airport Manager using WSDOT approved processes for access approval to state-owned or managed property. State Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Management Waste or loose materials commonly referred to as FOD are capable of causing damage to an aircraft. Maintenance and construction workers  should not leave FOD in the vicinity of aircraft operating areas. It is also important to remove FOD that may attract wildlife. All loose materials shall be stored in an approved facility capable of handling the material or secured in a location approved by the Airport Manager. Page 3-10 WSDOT State-Managed Airport Handbook M 3072 February 2011