ANNALS OF COMMUNISM Each volume in the series Annals of Communism will publish selected and pre- viously inaccessible documents from former Soviet state and party archives in a narrative that develops a particular topic in the history of Soviet and inter- national communism. Separate English and Russian editions will be prepared. Russian and American scholars work together to prepare the documents for each volume. Documents are chosen not for their support of any single inter- pretation but for their particular historical importance or their general value in deepening understanding and facilitating discussion. The volumes are de- signed to be useful to students, scholars, and interested general readers. EXECUTIVE EDITOR OF THE ANNALS OF COMMUNISM SERIES Jonathan Brent, Yale University Press AMERICAN EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Ivo Banac, Yale University Robert L. Jackson, Yale University Jeffrey Burds, Northeastern University, Czeslaw Milosz, University of California, Boston Berkeley William Chase, University of Pittsburgh Norman Naimark, Stanford University Victor Erlich, Yale University Gen. William Odom, Hudson Institute F. I. Firsov, former head of the Comintern and Yale University research group at RGASPI Daniel Orlovsky, Southern Methodist Sheila Fitzpatrick, University of Chicago University Gregory Freeze, Brandeis University Mark Steinberg, University of Illinois, John L. Gaddis, Yale University Urbana-Champaign J. Arch Getty, University of California, Mark Von Hagen, Columbia University Los Angeles Piotr Wandycz, Yale University Jonathan Haslam, Cambridge University RUSSIAN EDITORIAL COMMITTEE K. M. Anderson, director, Russian State V. P. Kozlov, director, Rosarkhiv Archive of Social and Political History N. S. Lebedeva, Russian Academy of (RGASPI) Sciences N. N. Bolkhovitinov, Russian Academy S. V. Mironenko, director, State Archives of Sciences of the Russian Federation (GARF) A. 0. Chubaryan, Russian Academy of 0. V. Naumov, assistant director, Sciences RGASPI V. P. Danilov, Russian Academy of E. 0. Pivovar, Moscow State University Sciences V. V. Shelokhaev, president, Association A. A. Fursenko, secretary, Department of ROSSPEN History, Russian Academy of Sciences Ye. A. Tyurina, director, Russian State (head of the Russian Editorial Archive of the Economy (RGAE) Committee) SERIES COORDINATOR, MOSCOW N. P. Yakovlev Stalinism as a Way of Life A Narrative in Documents Lewis Siegelbaum and Andrei Sokolov Documents Compiled by Ludmila Kosheleva, Larisa Rogovaia, Lewis Siegelbaum, Andrei Sokolov, Vladimir Telpukhovsky, and Sergei Zhuravlev Text Preparation and Commentary by Lewis Siegelbaum, Andrei Sokolov, and Sergei Zhuravlev Translated from the Russian by Thomas Hoisington and Steven Shabad Yale University Press New Haven and London This volume has been prepared with the cooperation of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) of the State Archival Service of Russia in the framework of an agreement concluded between RGASPI and Yale University Press. Copyright @ 2000 by Yale University. All rights reserved. Documents held by the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI),t he Cen- tral Repository of Recent Documentation (TsKhSD), and the State Archive of the Russian Feder- ation (GARF) are used with the permission of these archives. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by review- ers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Designed by James J. Johnson and set in Sabon and Melior types by The Composing Room of Michigan, Inc., Grand Rapids, Michigan. Printed in the United States of America by Vail-Ballou Press, Binghamton, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stalinism as a way of life : a narrative in documents / Lewis Siegelbaum and Andrei Sokolov ; . . . documents compiled by Ludmila Kosheleva [et al.] ; text preparation and commentary by Lewis Siegelbaum, Andrei Sokolov, and Sergei Zhuravlev ; translated from the Russian by Thomas Hoisington and Steven Shabad. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-300-08480-3 (cloth : alk.paper) I. Soviet Union-History-1925-195 3-Sources. I. Siegelbaum, Lewis H. 11. Sokolov, A. K. 111. Kosheleva, L. IV. Zhuravlev, Sergei. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Yale University Press gratefully acknowledges the financial sup- port given for this publication by the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Inc., Joseph W. Donner, Austin H. Furse 111, the David Woods Kemper Memorial Foundation, Jeremiah Milbank, Roger Milliken, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the John M. Olin Foundation, Inc., the Open Society Fund (New York), Karen Pritzker, Robert Pritzker, Lloyd H. Smith, and Keith Young. Contents Illustrations follow page 206. Acknowledgments ix Notes on Transliteration and Terminology xi A Note on the Documents xii Glossary and Abbreviations xiv Introduction Lewis Siegelbaum c HA P T E R o N E The Socialist Offensive c HAP T E R TWO "Cadres Decide Everything! " c HAPT E R T H REE Stalin's Constitution CHAPTER FOUR Loveandplenty c HAPT E R F I v E Bolshevik Order on the Kolkhoz c HAPT E R s I x Happy Childhoods ... V ~ I Contents Conclusion Notes Index of Documents General Index Acknowledgments In working on this project, my greatest debt of gratitude is, of course, to An- drei Sokolov. His perspicacity, scholarly rigor, hospitality, and sense of humor triumphed over the extremely difficult circumstances in which he, like other Russian scholars, is compelled to work and live. I also would like to express my thanks to Sergei Zhuravlev for his outstanding contributions to this vol- ume and to the directors and staffs of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of the Economy, and the other archives cited in this volume. At Yale University Press, Jonathan Brent obtained the necessary funding and provided vital encouragement for the project. I greatly appreciate his support, as well as that of his project assistants, Timothy Sergay and Vadim Staklo, and other members of his staff. Dan Heaton performed the task of editing the man- uscript with both professional vigor and humor. I also wish to thank the anonymous readers of the first version of the manuscript for refusing to toler- ate its weaknesses. This project was blessed with the services of two outstanding translators, Thomas Hoisington and Steven Shabad. Their rendering into English of Sokolov's prose and the documents-many of which were written in substan- dard Russian-showed the greatest sensitivity and imagination. Their profes- sionalism was infectious, and their tracking down of the most obscure geo- graphical and lexicographical references went far beyond the call of duty.