Palgrave Studies in Translating and Interpreting Series Editor: Margaret Rogers, The Centre for Translation Studies, University of Surrey, UK This series examines the crucial role which translation and interpreting in their myriad forms play at all levels of communication in today’s world, from the local to the global. Whilst this role is being increasingly recognised in some quarters (for example, through European Union legislation), in oth- ers it remains controversial for economic, political and social reasons. The rapidly changing landscape of translation and interpreting practice is accom- panied by equally challenging developments in their academic study, often in an interdisciplinary framework and increasingly reflecting commonalities between what were once considered to be separate disciplines. The books in this series address specific issues in both translation and interpreting with the aim not only of charting and but also of shaping the discipline with respect to contemporary practice and research. Titles include: Ann Corsellis PUBLIC SERVICE INTERPRETING C. K. Quah TRANSLATION AND TECHNOLOGY Jenny Williams THEORIES OF TRANSLATION Margaret Rogers SPECIALISED TRANSLATION Shedding the ‘Non-Literary’ Tag Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–403–90393–8 Hardback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Also by Margaret Rogers COMPUTERS, LANGUAGE LEARNING AND LANGUAGE TEACHING (co-author) EVIDENCE-BASED LSP Translation, Text and Terminology (co-editor) IN AND OUT OF ENGLISH For Better, for Worse? (co-editor) INCORPORATING CORPORA The Linguist and the Translator (co-editor) THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TERMINOLOGY Comparison between Eastern Europe and Western Countries (co-editor) TRANSLATION AND OPPOSITION (co-editor) TRANSLATION STUDIES 3 vols (co-editor) TRANSLATION TODAY Trends and Perspectives (co-editor) WORD, TEXT, TRANSLATION (co-editor) WORDS, WORDS, WORDS The Language Learner and the Translator (co-editor) Specialised Translation Shedding the ‘Non-Literary’ Tag Margaret Rogers University of Surrey, UK © Margaret Rogers 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-47840-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-50229-5 ISBN 978-1-137-47841-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137478412 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. For Gunilla (†2007), my friend and colleague, a distinguished academic and translator of drama. This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables ix Acknowledgements x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Communication and translation 1 1.2 Why terminology? 3 1.3 A first stab at the literary versus ‘non-literary’ distinction 5 1.4 Scoping specialised translation 11 1.5 Overview 18 2 Specialised Translation: An Orientation 20 2.1 Specialised translation: a neglected field? 20 2.2 LSP, translation and subject fields 25 2.3 Specialised translation and culture 27 2.4 LSP beyond the lexical 30 2.5 LSP and terminology 35 2.6 Terms, text and lexical codification 38 2.7 Conclusion 41 3 Borders and Borderlands 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Exploring borders and translation 44 3.3 What is a term? 49 3.4 What is a text? 59 3.5 W hat is translation and what is specialised (LSP) translation? 70 3.6 Conclusion 79 4 Terminology and Specialised Translation: A Historical Perspective 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Terminology for translation: starting from the past 82 4.2.1 Communicating: a word-focussed view 83 4.2.2 Working methods 92 vii viii Contents 4.3 Developments in the practice of terminology 95 4.3.1 Early developments in lexical codification 96 4.3.2 T erminology and translation: from word to text 99 4.4 Linking knowledge and translation through terms 102 4.4.1 Giving voice to knowledge 102 4.4.2 More on glossaries 105 4.5 Conclusion 107 5 Terminology and Text: Closing the Gaps 110 5.1 Introduction 110 5.2 What is a ‘lexical gap’? 111 5.2.1 Some views on the classical trio 111 5.2.2 Lexical gaps from a terminology perspective 113 5.2.3 Lexical gaps from a translation perspective 115 5.3 Borrowing 117 5.4 Neologisms 121 5.5 Circumlocution 130 5.6 Conclusion 134 6 Concluding Remarks 136 Notes 140 References 154 Index 171 List of Tables 1.1 Subject distribution of articles in issues of The Translator & Target (2004, 2009, 2014), N = 77 13 1.2 Subject distribution of articles in issues of JoSTrans (January 2004–July 2014), N = 201 16 3.1 Language-typological differences in term formation 53 4.1 Comparison of requirements for choice of words in classical sources and requirements for the formation of terms showing potential conflicts between requirements 90 4.2 Comparison of requirements for choice of words in classical sources and means of filling lexical gaps in translation 92 5.1 Selective summary of translation strategies to fill lexical gaps reported in the Translation Studies literature 118 5.2 Possibilities for filling the lexical gap for ‘microchip’ in Greek 120 5.3 The diachronic emergence of terms in English and French 129 ix