Edited by Stefano Colombo Spatial Economics Volume II Applications Spatial Economics Volume II Stefano Colombo Editor Spatial Economics Volume II Applications Editor StefanoColombo DeptofEconomics&Finance UniversitàCattolicadelSacroCuore Milano,Italy ISBN978-3-030-40093-4 ISBN978-3-030-40094-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40094-1 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicencetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether the wholeorpartofthematerial isconcerned, specificallythe rightsoftranslation, reprinting, reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisPalgraveMacmillanimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents PartI DevelopmentandCities 1 1 UrbanResilienceandSpatialEconomics 3 ZeynepElburz,KarimaKourtit,andPeter Nijkamp σ μ 2 ABalanced Development? TheNovel – Efficiency ofItalianRegions 35 SalvatoreGreco, MenelaosTasiou,andGianpieroTorrisi PartII Growth 61 3 Modelling and Forecasting Regional Growth: The MASSTModel 63 RobertaCapelloandAndreaCaragliu 4 On the Spatial Determinants of Firm Growth: A MicrolevelAnalysisoftheItalianSMEs 89 GiuseppeArbia,MariaMichelaDickson,Roberto Gabriele, DiegoGiuliani,andFlavioSanti v vi Contents PartIII Inequality 121 5 SpatialInequality:AMultidimensionalPerspective 123 GiuseppePignataro 6 TheSpatialDimensionofInequality 157 AlessandraMichelangeli PartIV TransportationandInternationalTrade 181 7 ExportActivityandFirms’FinancialConstraints 183 EmanueleForlani PartV LocationandEmployment 219 8 Geographical Boundaries of External and Internal AgglomerationEconomies 221 KatiusciaLavoratoriandLuciaPiscitello 9 UnemploymentandTradeinSpatial Economics 251 XinmengLiandDao-ZhiZeng PartVI Marketing 275 10 FromGeomarketing toSpatialMarketing 277 GérardCliquet Index 307 Notes on Contributors Giuseppe Arbia is Full Professor of Economic Statistics at the Catholic Uni- versity of the Sacred Heart in Rome. He is founder and Chairman of the Spatial Econometrics Association and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Spatial Econometrics. He authored 8 books and more than 200 articles published on internationaljournalsontopicsrelatedtospatialstatisticsandeconometrics. Roberta Capello is Full Professor in Regional and Urban Economics at the PolitecnicoofMilan. She ispast-President ofthe Regional Science Association International (RSAI) and President of the Italian Section of RSAI (AISRe), Editor-in-chiefofPapersinRegionalScience(WileyBlackwell),authorofmany scientificpapersandatextbookinRegionalEconomics,publishedinItalian(Il Mulino, Bologna), English (Routledge, London) and Chinese (Economy and ManagementPublishingHouse,Beijing). Andrea Caragliu is Associate Professor of Regional and Urban Economics at Politecnico di Milano. Since January 2019 he serves as Executive Director of the Regional Science Association International (RSAI). He also acts as Book ReviewEditorforPapersinRegionalScience.HeholdsaPh.D.inManagement, Economics and Industrial Engineering obtained at Politecnico di Milano in 2010.HealsoholdsaPh.D.inSpatialEconomics,obtainedattheVUUniversity Amsterdamin2015.Hehaspublishedonvariousinternationalrefereedjournals. GérardCliquet isemeritusprofessoroftheUniversityofRennes1(France).He wasthedirector(2002–2007)oftheCREM(CenterforResearchinEconomics and Management), UMR CNRS 6211. He is the author or co-author of more vii viii NotesonContributors than80articlespublishedinpeer-reviewedjournalsandisauthororeditorof21 books,andhesupervised42PhDdissertations.Hisresearchconcernsretailing, geomarketingandfranchising. Maria Michela Dickson is Assistant Professor of Economic Statistics at the University of Trento. She is author of several contributions about spatial sam- plingandspatialstatisticsofsocialandeconomicphenomena. Zeynep Elburz is Assistant Professor of City and Regional Planning at the IzmirInstituteofTechnologyandteachesRegionalEconomicDevelopmentand Planning.SheisamemberoftheTurkishRegionalScienceAssociation. Emanuele Forlani is Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of BolognaandResearchFellowatCentroStudiLucad’Agliano. RobertoGabriele graduatedinstatisticsandholdsaPh.D.inEconomicsand Management.HeisnowassociateprofessorofAppliedeconomics.Heismember of the editorial board of International journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics. He is member of SIEPI (Società Italiana di Economia e Politica Industriale). DiegoGiuliani is Associate Professor ofEconomicStatistics at the University ofTrento.Hisresearchactivitiesfocusprimarilyontheuseanddevelopmentof statisticalmethodstoanalysemicro-geographicdata. Salvatore Greco is Full Professor of Financial and Actuarial Mathematics at theUniversityofCatania.HeismemberoftheeditorialboardoftheEuropean Journalof Operational Research and associate editorofJournalof Multi-Criteria DecisionAnalysis.HeiscoordinatoroftheEUROWorkingGrouponMultiple Criteria Decision Aiding and president-elect of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making Section of INFORMS (Institute for Operations Research and the ManagementSciences).HewasmemberofthescientificcommitteeofAMASES (AssociazioneperlaMatematicaApplicataalleScienzeEconomicheeSociali)for which he served as vice president. In 2013, he received the Gold Medal of the InternationalSocietyonMultipleCriteriaDecisionMaking. KarimaKourtit isattheJheronimusAcademyofDataScience(JADS),atthe EindhovenUniversityofTechnologyandTilburgUniversity.Shehasworkedat theCenterfortheFutureofPlaces(CFP)atKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology, Stockholm, and Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland. She holds two Ph.D.s, in economics and geography (with distinction), and has a profound interest in regional and urban topics. Her research interest focuses on the NotesonContributors ix emerging ‘New Urban World’. Her main scientific research is in the field of creativeindustries,urbandevelopment,culturalheritage,digitaltechnologyand strategic performance management. Furthermore, she has been an editor of severalbooksandguesteditorformanyinternationaljournals,andhaspublished a wide array of scientific articles, papers, special issues of journals and edited volumesinthefieldofgeographyandthespatialsciences.Sheisalsomanaging directorofTheRegionalScienceAcademy. KatiusciaLavoratori is Research Fellow in Strategy & International Business at Warwick Business School, University of Warwick (UK). Her work has won several awards, including the Best Paper Award at European International BusinessAcademyandGlobalStrategyJournalBestPaperAward. Xinmeng Li is a Ph.D. student at Graduate School of Information Sciences, TohokuUniversity. AlessandraMichelangeli B.A.(BocconiUniversity),M.Sc.andPh.D.inEco- nomics(BocconiUniversity&Cergy-PontoiseUniversity),isAssociateProfessor of Economics at Milan-Bicocca University. Her research mainly focuses on Urban&RegionalEconomics;PublicEconomics;MultidimensionalWell-being &Inequality.Shepublishedseveralacademicarticlesoninternationaleconomic journals including: Journal of Economic Theory, Applied Economics, Journal of EconomicInequality,UrbanStudies andRegionalStudies.Sheiseditorofabook on urban quality of life published by Routledge, and co-author of a book on qualityoflifeinItaliancitiespublishedbyBocconiUniversityPress. PeterNijkamp isEmeritusProfessorinRegionalandUrbanEconomicsandin EconomicGeographyattheVUUniversityAmsterdam.Heiscurrentlyaffiliated with the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan (Poland) and the Jheronimus Academy of Data Science (JADS) in ‘s-Hertogenbosch. He is member of editorial/advisoryboards of more than 20 scientific journals. Accordingto the RePec list, he belongsto the top 25 of well-known economistsworldwide.He is also a fellow of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, and past vice- president of this organization. He was awarded the most prestigious scientific prizeintheNetherlands,theSpinozaaward.Hispublicationlistcomprisesmore than2000contributions(articlesandbooks),whilehisH-indexisaround90.He hasnotonlybeeninvolvedinacademicresearch,butalsoinmanypracticalpolicy issues in the field of decision-making, regional development, environmental management, governance of culture, transportation and communication, and advanceddataanalytics. x NotesonContributors GiuseppePignataro isAssistantProfessorofEconomicsattheDepartmentof Economics,UniversityofBologna.HeiscurrentlyteachingMicroeconomicsat theSchoolofPoliticalScienceinBologna. Lucia Piscitello is Professor of International Business at the Henley Business School, University of Reading, where she is also co-director of the John H. Dunning Center for International Business, and Professor of International BusinessatPolitecnicodiMilano.Herresearchinterestscovertheeconomicsand management of MNEs, the international aspects of technological change, the geographyofinnovation.HerrecentstudiesfocusonagglomerationandMNEs’ location strategies, globalization of R&D and technology development in the global network of MNEs, digital technologies, global sourcing and reshoring. SheisAssociateEditoroftheGlobalStrategyJournal,andservesontheeditorial boards of several journals. She acts as external expert for the Department of Geography&Environment,LondonSchoolofEconomics,UK.SheisaFellow, Past President and Chair of the European International Business Academy (EIBA). FlavioSanti isAssistantProfessorinEconomicStatisticsattheDepartmentof Economics of the University of Verona. His research interests mainly focus on modellingandestimationproblemsinspatialeconometrics. Menelaos Tasiou is Associate Professor of Quantitative Methods & Data Analytics at the University of Portsmouth. He is a member of the Centre for Operations Research and Logistics operating at the Business school, and an editorialmemberoftheInternationalJournalofEmergingMarkets.Hisresearch interestsliein theintersectionofMulticriteriaDecision AnalysisandFinancial Engineering. Gianpiero Torrisi is an Associate Professor in Applied Economics at the University of Catania since 2018. He is also Visiting Fellow in Economics at Portsmouth Business School, University of Portsmouth. Prior to joining the University of Catania, he worked as Senior Lecturer in Economics at the University of Portsmouth where he acted also as Principal Investigator in the H2020projectPerceptionandEvaluationofRegionalandCohesionpoliciesby EuropeansandIdentificationwiththeValuesofEurope(PERCEIVE) andasa ResearchAssociateattheCentreforUrbanandRegionalDevelopmentStudies (NewcastleUniversity)beinginvolved,betweenothers,intheSpatialEconomic Research Centre (London School of Economic)’s project “Devolution, Spatial Economic Policy and Performance” and in the project “Decentralisation and