Spanishness in the Spanish Novel and Cinema of the 20th – 21st Century Spanishness in the Spanish Novel and Cinema of the 20th – 21st Century Edited by Cristina Sánchez-Conejero CAMBRIDGE SCHOLARS PUBLISHING Spanishness in the Spanish Novel and Cinema of the 20th – 21st Century, edited by Cristina Sánchez- Conejero This book first published 2007 by Cambridge Scholars Publishing 15 Angerton Gardens, Newcastle, NE5 2JA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2007 by Cristina Sánchez-Conejero and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN 1-84718-346-8; ISBN 13: 9781847183460 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.................................................................................................1 From Iberianness to Spanishness: Being Spanish in 20th-21st Century Spain Cristina Sánchez-Conejero, University of North Texas, U.S.A. PART I: FROM MEMORIES OF THE CIVIL WAR TO PROPOSALS OF AN ALTERNATIVE SPANISHNESS Chapter One...............................................................................................11 Spanishness and Identity Formation From the Civil War to the Present: Exploring the Residue of Time David K. Herzberger, University of California, Riverside, USA Chapter Two..............................................................................................21 Deleuze and the Barcelona School: Time in Vicente Aranda’s Fata Morgana (1965) David Vilaseca, Royal Holloway College, University of London, UK Chapter Three............................................................................................33 Nostalgia, Myth, and Science in Rivas’s El lápiz del carpintero Lucy D. Harney, Texas State University – San Marcos, USA Chapter Four..............................................................................................43 Memory, Identity and Self-discovery in Manuel Rico’s Los días de Eisenhower Agustín Martínez-Samos, Texas A&M International University, USA vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PART II: SELLING SPANISHNESS: FROM FRANCOIST “SPAIN IS DIFFERENT” TO ALMÓDOVAR Chapter Five..............................................................................................55 Tourism, Structural Underdevelopment, and Anthropological Distancing in Juan Goytisolo’s Essays, Travelogues, and Fiction 1959-1967 Eugenia Afinoguénova, Marquette University, USA Chapter Six................................................................................................67 Exclusion and Marginalization of Dissidence in the Novels of the Spanish Guerrilla M. Cinta Ramblado-Minero, University of Limerick, Ireland Chapter Seven............................................................................................79 Family Therapy and Spanish Difference/Deviance in Almodóvar’s Taconas lejanos Anne E. Hardcastle, Wake Forest University, USA PART III: FRANCOLESS SPAIN: TOWARDS A NON-FRANCOIST DEFINITION OF SPANISH CULTURE Chapter Eight.............................................................................................95 The Spanish Bildung of Deza/Marías by Wheeler/Russell in Tu rostro mañana I: Fiebre y lanza Stephen Miller, Texas A&M University, USA Chapter Nine............................................................................................107 Cultural Specificity and Trans-National Address in The New Generation of Spanish Film Authors: The Case of Alejandro Amenábar Rosanna Maule, Concordia University, Canada Chapter Ten.............................................................................................121 Violent Nation: Histories and Stories of Spanishness Andrés Zamora, Vanderbilt University, USA SPANISHNESS IN THE SPANISH NOVEL AND CINEMA OF THE 20TH-21ST CENTURY v. ii PART IV: RE-RECORDING SPANISHNESS: NATIONHOOD AND NATIONALISMS IN CONTEMPORARY SPAIN Chapter Eleven.........................................................................................133 Sound Ideas or Unsound Practices? Listening for “Spanishness” in Peninsular Film Patricia Hart, Purdue University, USA Chapter Twelve........................................................................................147 “This festering wound”: Negotiating Spanishness in Galician Cultural Discourse Kirsty Hooper, University of Liverpool, UK Chapter Thirteen......................................................................................157 Out of Order: “Spanishness” as Process in El espíritu de la colmena Robert J. Miles, University of Hull, UK Chapter Fourteen.....................................................................................169 From Illiterate Andalusian Xarnega to Proper Bourgeois Lady: The Failure of Forced Acculturation in Montserrat Roig’s La ópera cotidiana Maureen Tobin Stanley, University of Minnesota Duluth, USA PART V: WOMEN, GENDER AND SPANISHNESS Chapter Fifteen........................................................................................181 Identifications, Abjects, and Objects: Myths of Gender and Nation in the Early 20th Century Spanish Novel Alison Sinclair, University of Cambridge, UK Chapter Sixteen........................................................................................191 Hooking for Spanishness: Immigration and Prostitution in León de Aranoa’s Princesas Cristina Sánchez-Conejero, University of North Texas, USA Chapter Seventeen...................................................................................203 Pal White’s Redemption: Gender and Spanishness in Manuel Mur Oti’s Una Chica de Chicago Jorge Marí, North Carolina State University, USA viii TABLE OF CONTENTS PART VI: DEFINING SPANISHNESS IN THE GLOBAL ERA Chapter Eighteen.....................................................................................215 Straitened Circumstances: Spanishness, Psychogeography, and the Borderline Personality Ryan Prout, Cardiff University, UK Chapter Nineteen.....................................................................................227 Eating Spanishness: Food, Globalization and Cultural Identity in Cruz and Corbacho’s Tapas Cristina Sánchez-Conejero, University of North Texas, USA Chapter Twenty.......................................................................................237 Solas (Zambrano, 1999): Andalousian, European, Spanish? Sally Faulkner, University of Exeter, UK Contributors.............................................................................................247 Index........................................................................................................253 INTRODUCTION FROM IBERIANNESS TO SPANISHNESS: BEING SPANISH IN 20TH-21ST CENTURY SPAIN CRISTINA SÁNCHEZ-CONEJERO UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, USA What does it mean to be “Spanish”? This seems like a simple question, but if one were to ask this question of several different people, one would almost certainly receive several different responses. These responses would likely range from a narrow definition to a wide-ranging concept which may include terms such as Spanish, Spanish-American, Latino, Latin-American, Hispanic, Hispanic-American, and Iberian. Indeed, these are terms that are clearly related, and are easily and often confused. While “Spanish” refers mainly to 1) the Spanish language spoken by approximately 400,000,000 people the world over, 2) a citizen of Spain and 3) all things related to Spain, in practice this demarcation can be decidedly fuzzy, with other terms being closely related to this concept. “Hispanic” comes from “Hispania”, the Latin name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula, which itself had been given the name “Iberia” by the Greeks. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths took over the peninsula in the Vth century AD, forming an independent kingdom that lasted until the VIIIth century AD and changing the name of Hispania to Spania in the process. Thus, each of these terms originally applied to the entire peninsular area encompassing modern-day Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar, making every inhabitant of the region all of Iberian, Hispanic, and Spanish. Of course, such a geographically-based blanket inclusiveness does not satisfy our modern political maps; a citizen of Portugal, while certainly Iberian (though not necessarily in the original, indigenous sense), would probably not be considered Hispanic and certainly never Spanish. In fact the very term “Iberian” is now somewhat ironic as there is hardly any cultural dialog between Spain and Portugal despite their geographic unity and common membership in the European Union since 1986. Similarly, although both the terms Hispania and Spania